Deck 21: Main Group Elements I: Groups 1, 2, 13, and 14

Question 1

Sodium will most readily form which of the following compounds?

A) Na₃As
B) Na₃P
C) NaCl
D) Na₄P
E) As₃Na

Answer 1

NaCl

Question 2

Strontium hydroxide is classified as "basic."

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The formula for barium superoxide is BaO2.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Metal oxides generally form an acidic solution in water.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about lithium is FALSE?

A) It is used as an alloying agent with aluminum and magnesium.
B) Lithium alloys are high strength and low density.
C) The alloys are important in aerospace and aircraft industries.
D) Lithium is used in batteries because it is difficult to oxidize.
E) An advantage to lithium batteries is light weight.

Question 6

The first ionization potential of calcium is smaller than that of strontium.

Question 7

Strontium is a softer metal than calcium.

Question 8

An amphoteric substance acts as an acid in strongly basic solution and as a base in strongly acidic solution.

Question 9

Hydrogen peroxide may act only as an oxidizing agent.

Question 10

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Sodium chloride may be produced by electrolysis of sodium metal and chlorine gas.
B) Sodium chloride is one of the most used minerals in the production of chemicals.
C) Sodium chloride is used to preserve meat and fish.
D) Sodium chloride is used to control ice on roads.
E) Sodium chloride is used to regenerate water softeners.

Question 11

Strontium hydroxide is more soluble in water than is calcium hydroxide.

Question 12

Which of the following is uncharacteristic of the alkali metals?

A) low ionization energy
B) low electronegativity
C) large negative electrode potential
D) two electrons in the valence shell
E) produce colored flames when heated

Question 13

The atomic radius of calcium is smaller than that of strontium.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the use of sodium is FALSE?

A) Sodium vapor lamps are used outdoors.
B) Sodium is used in reactors because it has a low melting point.
C) Sodium is used in reactors because it has a high boiling point.
D) Sodium is used in reactors because it has a high thermal conductivity.
E) A typical sodium vapor lamp uses several grams of sodium.

Question 15

The only by-product obtained in the Solvay process is:

A) NH3
B) CO2
C) CaO
D) CaCl2
E) NH4Cl

Question 16

Which of the following is uncharacteristic of the alkali metals?

A) large electronegativity
B) soft
C) produce visible color in flame test
D) low melting points
E) low ionization energies

Question 17

The chemistry of Be is different from that of the other group 2 metals due to the small size of Be2+.

Question 18

Which of the following is INCORRECT? A reaction typical for an alkali metal (M) is:

A) M2O + H2O → 2 MOH
B) M + X2 → MX2 (X = halogen)
C) 2 M + 2 NH3 → 2 MNH2 + H2
D) 2 M + O2 → M2O2
E) 2 M + H2 → 2 MH

Question 19

In a nonmetal hydroxide the oxygen-hydrogen bond is generally less polar than the nonmetal-oxygen bond.

Question 20

A magnesium fire can always be extinguished with carbon dioxide.

Question 21

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) The production of limestone is called calcination.
B) Limestone is mostly calcium carbonate.
C) Stalactites are calcium carbonate formed as icicle-like deposits.
D) Stalagmites form from the floor by deposition of calcium carbonate.
E) Carbonic acid is a diprotic acid.

Question 22

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Potassium chloride is used in fertilizers.
B) All alkali metals react alike.
C) Sodium carbonate is called soda ash.
D) Sodium carbonate usually comes from natural sources such as dry lake beds.
E) Sodium carbonate can be made by the Solvay process.

Question 23

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Sodium bicarbonate is sodium hydrogen carbonate.
B) O22- occurs in a peroxide.
C) O2- occurs in a superoxide.
D) The hydroxides of alkali metals are amphoteric.
E) Alkali metal hydroxides can be used to make soaps and detergents.

Question 24

Which incorrectly shows the main product of reaction of the indicated alkali metal with excess oxygen?

A) Li/Li2O
B) Na/Na2O2
C) K/K2O2
D) Rb/RbO2
E) Cs/CsO2

Question 25

Write the general reaction for a group 1 (1A) metal with water.

A) 2 M(s) + 2 H2O(l) → H2O2(aq) + 2 MH(s)
B) 2 M(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 MOH(aq) + H2(g)
C) M(s) + H2O(l) → MO(s) + H2(g)
D) 2 M(s) + H2O(l) → M2O(s) + H2(g)
E) 2 M(s) + 2H2O(l) → M(OH)2(s) + H2(g)

Question 26

Which of the following metals reacts most violently with water?

A) Cs
B) Na
C) Mg
D) Ba

Question 27

Finish the following reaction: Li(s) + O2(g) →

A) 2 Li(s) + O2(g) → Li2O2(s)
B) 2 Li(s) + O2(g) → 2 LiO(s)
C) 4 Li(s) + O2(g) → 2 Li2O(s)
D) Li(s) + O2(g) → LiO2(s)
E) There is no reaction.

Question 28

Choose the INCORRECT statement about magnesium.

A) Magnesium is valued for its light weight.
B) It has a lower density than any other structural metal.
C) Aircraft parts are made from magnesium alloys.
D) It is a good oxidizing agent.
E) It is often used as a sacrificial anode.

Question 29

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) The class "detergents" does not include soaps.
B) Detergents are cleansing agents.
C) Detergents emulsify oils.
D) Detergents usually mean synthetic products.
E) A soap is a salt of a metal hydroxide and a fatty acid.

Question 30

When sodium and potassium react with excess oxygen, the major products are:

A) Na2O2 and KO2
B) NaO2 and KO2
C) Na2O and KO2
D) Na2O2 and K2O2

Question 31

Lithium differs from other members of the group 1 (1A) elements in which way?

A) It does not react with water under any conditions.
B) It forms a nitride.
C) Its hydroxide is very soluble.
D) It is a rather soft metal
E) It is a good reducing agent

Question 32

Choose the INCORRECT statement about Na2CO3.

A) A by-product from the production of Na2CO3 is CaCl2, which has a useful application in some localities.
B) It is an important commercial compound used in the glass, soap and paper industries.
C) It is produced by the Solvay process which utilizes NaCl and CaO as the primary raw materials in a multi-step synthesis.
D) It is mined from large deposits in the western United States.
E) Sodium carbonate can be formed by heating sodium bicarbonate.

Question 33

Which of the following react with water without the formation of H2 gas as a product?

A) KO2
B) NaH
C) Li
D) Sr

Question 34

Finish the following reaction: SnO2 + NaOH(aq) →

A) SnO2(s) + 2 NaOH + 2H2O → Na2Sn(OH)6
B) SnO2(s) + 2 NaOH + 2H2O → Sn(OH)2 + 2 NaO + 2 H2O
C) SnO2(s) + 2 NaOH + 2H2O → Sn(OH)4 + 2 NaO + H2
D) SnO2(s) + 2 NaOH + 2H2O → Sn(OH)2 + 2 Na + H2O2
E) There is no reaction.

Question 35

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) The diagonal relationship is the similarity of properties of the top element of one group to the second element of the next group.
B) Li - Mg is a diagonal relationship.
C) C - P is a diagonal relationship.
D) Be - Al is a diagonal relationship.
E) B - Si is a diagonal relationship.

Question 36

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Group 2 (2A) compounds are less soluble than Group 1 (1A) compounds.
B) Group 2 (2A) compounds often form hydrates.
C) Hydrates are compounds that have water molecules bonded to them.
D) Group 2 (2A) elements react with halogens to form metal halides.
E) Limestone is CaCl2.

Question 37

The Solvay process involves a reaction of sodium chloride, ammonia and carbon dioxide in aqueous solution. Of the various possible products, the one least soluble in water is:

A) ammonium bicarbonate
B) "baking soda" (NaHCO3)
C) "sal ammoniac" (NH4Cl)
D) "table salt" (NaCl)
E) "washing soda" (Na2CO3)

Question 38

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Gypsum is CaSO4 ∙ 2H2O.
B) Plaster of Paris is calcium sulfate hexahydrate.
C) Quicklime is calcium oxide.
D) Slaked lime is calcium hydroxide.
E) Mortar used in bricklaying is made of slaked lime, sand, and water.

Question 39

In the production of magnesium metal by the Dow process, the other immediate product of the electrolysis of the molten magnesium chloride is:

A) H2(g)
B) HCl(g)
C) Cl2(g)
D) MgO(s)
E) Mg(OH)2(s)

Question 40

Finish the following reaction: Li(s) + N2(g) →

A) 3 Li(s) + N2(g) → Li3N2(s)
B) 4 Li(s) + N2(g) → 2 Li2N(s)
C) 2 Li(s) + N2(g) → 2 LiN(s)
D) 6 Li(s) + N2(g) → Li3N(s)
E) There is no reaction.

Question 41

Water treatment using a cation-exchange resin in the H+ form, followed by an anion-exchange resin in the OH- form, unlike the processes using typical zeolites or synthetic resins regenerated by sodium chloride, can produce:

A) brine water
B) deionized water
C) distilled water
D) hard water
E) soft water

Question 42

Which of the following is a weak acid?

A) B(OH)3
B) HI
C) B(OH)4-
D) B2(O2)2(OH)42-

Question 43

Which of the following methods are unable to make water soft?

A) add CaO
B) add Na2CO3
C) boil
D) pass through ion exchange
E) pass through charcoal

Question 44

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) A dimer is a molecule comprised of two like units.
B) Adduct formation results in an ionic bond.
C) Noncrystalline aluminum oxide is referred to as alumina.
D) Crystalline aluminum oxide is called corundum.
E) H- can be thought of as a pseudohalide.

Question 45

Choose the INCORRECT statement about the inert-pair effect.

A) It explains why gallium tends to have the +3 oxidation state but thallium is most often in the +1 state.
B) It can be explained that the bond energies and lattice energies associated with the atoms and ions at the bottom of the groups are not sufficiently large to off-set the ionization energies of the ns2 electron.
C) The effect is manifested by ions not losing the outermost pair of electrons.
D) Of the group 14 (4A) metals, only tin exhibits the inert-pair effect.
E) For any group, the inert pair effect is more prominent as the period number increases.

Question 46

In seawater, Mg2+ is about 1350 mg Mg2+/L. How many grams of magnesium are in a pool that is 25 ft by 12 ft by 6 ft? (1 ft = 12 inches and 1 inch = 2.54 cm)

A) 4.78 × 102 g
B) 74.1 g
C) 6.88 × 104 g
D) 6.88 × 107 g
E) 1.64 × 103 g

Question 47

In the stepwise preparation of pure calcium carbonate from limestone, the step referred to as calcination involves:

A) thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide
B) addition of water to calcium oxide to form calcium hydroxide
C) bubbling carbon dioxide through aqueous calcium hydroxide
D) heating calcium oxide with carbon to form calcium metal
E) melting of calcium oxide

Question 48

Which of the following statements describes an uncommon use of an element?

A) Aluminum is used in light-weight alloys.
B) Gallium is used in the thermite reaction.
C) Gallium is used in the electronics industry.
D) Indium is used to make low-melting alloys.
E) A possible use for thallium is in high-temperature superconductors.

Question 49

Choose the INCORRECT statement about the alkaline earth metals.

A) The heavier Group 2 (2A) metals are nearly as active as the Group 1 (1A) metals.
B) They are the Group 1 (1A) family.
C) Magnesium metal is produced by the Dow process.
D) Salts of Sr and Ba provide vivid colors for pyrotechnic displays.
E) The source of magnesium is seawater and natural brines.

Question 50

Which of the following is used as a water softener?

A) lithium carbonate
B) sodium nitrate
C) sodium carbonate
D) potassium chloride
E) hydrochloric acid

Question 51

The difference between temporary hard water and permanent hard water is that only the former contains a significant concentration of:

A) Ca2+
B) CO32-
C) HCO3-
D) Mg2+
E) OH-

Question 52

Which of the following metal hydroxides has the lowest solubility?

A) NaOH
B) LiOH
C) Mg(OH)2
D) Ba(OH)2
E) Sr(OH)2

Question 53

Which oxidation state is uncommon for a given element?

A) Al/1+
B) Ga/3+
C) Al/3+
D) In/3+
E) In/1+

Question 54

In diborane, B2H6, the hybridization of each boron is:

A) sp3
B) sp2
C) sp3d
D) sp

Question 55

Which of the following is an indication that aluminum is a strong reducing agent?

A) 2 Al(s) + 6 H+(aq) → 2 Al3+(aq) + 3 H2(g)
B) 2 Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2 Fe(l)
C) 2 Al(s) + 3/2 O2(g) → Al2O3(s) ΔH = -1676 kJ
D) 2 Al(s) + 2 OH- + 6 H2O(l) → 2 [Al(OH)4]-(aq) + 3 H2(g)
E) All of these reactions indicate Al is a strong reducing agent.

Question 56

Which hydroxide is significantly more soluble in 0.10 M NaOH than in pure water?

A) Mg(OH)2
B) Be(OH)2
C) NaOH
D) Ca(OH)2
E) CsOH

Question 57

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Temporary hard water contains the bicarbonate ion.
B) Permanent hard water also contains anions other than bicarbonate.
C) Ion exchange is accomplished by mixing chemicals in the water to precipitate hard water ions.
D) Deionized water is water with ions removed by ion exchange.
E) Boiler scale is a mixed precipitate of CaCO3, MgCO3, and rust.

Question 58

Which of the following compounds is invoked to demonstrate the inert-pair effect?

A) Al(OH)3
B) GaAs
C) InAs
D) Tl2O
E) Al2O3

Question 59

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) The thermite reaction is: Fe2O3(s) + 2 Al(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2 Fe(l).
B) Aluminum's chief ore is bauxite.
C) Al2O3 is an amphoteric oxide.
D) Cryolite is Na3AlF6.
E) Alumina is Al(OH)3.

Question 60

Both gypsum and plaster of Paris contain the same compound, but in different stages of hydration. That compound is:

A) BaSO4
B) BaCO3
C) CaSO4
D) CaCO3
E) KAl(SO4)2

Question 61

Graphite and diamond are:

A) allotropes
B) amorphous substances
C) bivalent
D) elastomers
E) very unstable

Question 62

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) The strong C-C and C-H bonds are very important in organic chemistry
B) At standard temperature and pressure graphite is more stable than diamond
C) Graphite changes spontaneously but very slowly to diamond
D) Pencil lead is a graphite and clay mixture
E) No harder substance than diamond is known

Question 63

Choose the INCORRECT equation.

A) CaO + 3 C CaC2 + CO
B) CaC2 + 2 H2O → Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
C) CH4 + 4 S → CS2 + 2 H2S
D) (CN)2 + 2 OH- → 2 HOCN
E) CH4 + 4 Cl2 → CCl4 + 4 HCl

Question 64

Which of the following elements forms a +4 oxidation state that is more stable than its +2 oxidation state, and is also found as a significant component of commercial bronze, pewter, red brass, and most solders?

A) zinc
B) tin
C) magnesium
D) lead
E) carbon

Question 65

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Elemental silicon is produced by reduction of SiO2 with coke.
B) In silica each silicon atom is bonded directly to four other silicon atoms.
C) Coke is made by heating coal in the absence of air.
D) Charcoal is made by heating wood in the absence of air.
E) Allotropes of carbon include diamond, graphite, fullerenes and nanotubes.

Question 66

Choose the molecular shape for BCl3.

A) trigonal planar
B) tetrahedral
C) bent
D) linear
E) trigonal pyramidal

Question 67

One of the most important commercial processes for the semiconductor industry in recent years has been the gas phase reaction between arsine and trimethylgallium to form the solid product:

A) trimethylarsine
B) methyl hydride
C) gallium hydride
D) gallium arsenide
E) superconductine

Question 68

Choose the INCORRECT statement about carbon.

A) Carbon does not form multiple bonds.
B) There are two very common allotropes: diamond and graphite.
C) There is a strong tendency for catenation.
D) Carbon can be hybridized into sp, sp2 and sp3 orbitals.
E) Carbon primarily forms two gaseous oxides: CO and CO2.

Question 69

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) A glass is an amorphous solid.
B) An amorphous solid has order over relatively short distances.
C) A sol is a colloidal dispersion of particles in a liquid.
D) Silicones are materials consisting of molecules with long silicon-oxygen chains.
E) Silicates are silicon-hydrogen containing compounds.

Question 70

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Amphoteric means useful in photography.
B) Tin disease, tin pest, or tin plague is actually just a second form of tin.
C) A solder is a low melting alloy used to join wires or pieces of metal.
D) Roasting an ore is heating that ore in air.
E) Pewter is an alloy made mainly of tin.

Question 71

Choose the INCORRECT statement about boron.

A) Boron is the only nonmetal in group 13 (3A)
B) Many boron compounds are electron deficient
C) Borax actually contains no boron
D) Diborane B2H6 has three center-two atom bonds
E) The best formula for boric acid is B(OH)3

Question 72

For which of the following elements would be wrong to call the oxide "amphoteric"?

A) Tl.
B) Al.
C) Be.
D) Ga.

Question 73

Which of the following metals has been used commercially in certain drain cleaners, along with solid sodium hydroxide, for the purpose of generating hydrogen gas by reaction with hydroxide ion after contact with water?

A) Al
B) Ba
C) Cu
D) Fe
E) Ge

Question 74

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Diborane is B2H6.
B) B(OH)3 boric acid is a monoprotic acid.
C) Being electron deficient makes boron compounds strong Lewis acids.
D) The B-H-B three-center bond has only two electrons.
E) Boron is one of several nonmetals in group 13.

Question 75

Tl is different from Al, Ga, and In in that:

A) Tl has a much different electronegativity
B) Tl has a much different first ionization energy
C) Tl commonly forms compounds with +1 oxidation state
D) Tl forms metal hydroxides that are amphoteric
E) Tl commonly forms compounds with +3 oxidation state

Question 76

In the production of the metal by an electrolysis process, which of the following is the most costly in terms of amount of electricity required per ton of metal produced from its salt?

A) Na
B) Mg
C) Cu
D) Ba
E) Al

Question 77

Choose the INCORRECT statement about carbon.

A) In addition to diamonds and graphite, fullerenes and nanotubes are allotropes
B) The finely divided soot from an incomplete combustion of natural gas is called carbon black
C) Coke is the result of heating coal in the absence of air
D) Charcoal is the result of heating wood in the absence of air
E) Diamond is an excellent conductor

Question 78

Pick the nonmetal in Group 13 (3A).

A) Al
B) Ga
C) In
D) B
E) Tl

Question 79

Write an equation for the roasting of PbS.

A) 2 PbS(s) + O2(g) → 2 PbO(s) + S(s)
B) PbS(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 Pb(s) + 2 SO2(s)
C) 8 PbS(s) + 4 O2(g) → 8 PbO(s) + S8(s)
D) PbS(s) + O2(g) → PbO2(s) + S2(s)
E) There is no reaction.

Question 80

Choose the INCORRECT statement about silicon.

A) Silicon forms on stable oxide.
B) Silicon exhibits more catenation than carbon.
C) Sand and quartz are SiO2.
D) The central feature of silicates is the SiO44- tetrahedron.
E) A silicone is a compound with an alternating silicon and oxygen chain as a backbone with carbon containing groups as sidechains.