Deck 8: The Nervous System: Structure and Control of Movement

Question 1

The thin muscle cells located within the muscle spindle are called

A)extrafusal fibers.
B)gamma fibers.
C)intrafusal fibers.
D)satellite cells.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system are called

A)efferent.
B)afferent.
C)dendrites.
D)sensory.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The ability of a neuron to respond to a stimulus is termed

A)Irritability
B)Conductivity
C)Depolarization
D)Repolarization

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A "movement plan" is first developed by the _________________ before being sent to spinal centers for modification

A)medulla oblongata
B)cerebellum
C)motor cortex
D)sensory cortex

Question 5

Neurons are negatively charged on the inside of the cell with respect to the charge on the exterior of the cell.This electrical charge difference is called

A)irritability.
B)conductivity.
C)action potential.
D)resting membrane potential.

Question 6

The joint receptors that provide the central nervous system with information about body position are called

A)motor neurons.
B)proprioceptors.
C)extrafusal fibers.
D)chemoreceptors.

Question 7

The motor cortex is concerned with voluntary movement and is located within the

A)cerebellum.
B)cerebrum.
C)brain stem.
D)hypothalamus.

Question 8

Neurotransmitters that cause depolarization of membranes are called

A)inhibitory transmitters.
B)receptors.
C)excitatory transmitters.
D)synaptic transmitters.

Question 9

The area of the brain that aids in control of movement and may initiate fast ballistic movements is the

A)cerebrum.
B)motor cortex.
C)brain stem.
D)cerebellum.

Question 10

The neurotransmitter used in the parasympathetic nervous system is

A)acetylcholine.
B)norepinephrine.
C)serotonin.
D)dopamine.

Question 11

Nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the central nervous system are called

A)efferent.
B)dendrites.
C)afferent.
D)synapses.

Question 12

The summing of many excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs)from a single pre-synaptic neuron over a short time period is called

A)spatial summation.
B)temporal summation.
C)irritability.
D)hyperpolarization.

Question 13

The autonomic nervous system can be divided into two functional and anatomical divisions called

A)sympathetic and unsympathetic.
B)sympathetic and parasympathetic.
C)afferent and efferent.
D)none of the above answers are correct.

Question 14

Anatomically,the nervous system can be divided into two main parts:

A)afferent and efferent.
B)central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
C)sensory and motor.
D)sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Question 15

Neurons can be divided into three basic components:

A)cell body,soma,and axon.
B)soma,dendrites,and Schwann cells.
C)cell body,dendrites,and axon.
D)afferent,efferent,and dendrites.

Question 16

Muscle spindles provide sensory information relative to the

A)amount of force generated by muscle during a contraction.
B)length of muscle.
C)amount of energy expended during a muscle contraction.
D)speed of muscle contraction.

Question 17

Higher brain centers are responsible for developing a general pattern of movement;the specific details of this movement are refined via a process known as ______.

A)reciprocal inhibition.
B)spinal tuning.
C)motor programming.
D)motor unit refinement.

Question 18

The action potential is generated when an excitatory stimulus

A)opens sodium channels.
B)opens voltage-gated potassium channels.
C)causes the interior of the cell to become more negative.
D)blocks the entry of sodium into the cell.

Question 19

The ______________________ is an organ located in the inner ear and is responsible for maintaining general equilibrium.

A)pacinian corpuscle
B)Golgi tendon organ
C)vestibular apparatus
D)cerebellum

Question 20

The term kinesthesia refers to

A)the study of movement.
B)a lack of sensation in the muscles and joints.
C)conscious recognition of the position of body parts with respect to each other.
D)the transmission of a nerve impulse along the axon.

Question 21

Which of the following statements about neurons are NOT true?

A)The resting membrane potential is generally in the range of -40mv to -75mv.
B)Maintaining resting membrane potential requires the use of energy from ATP.
C)Neurons repolarize by opening chloride channels on the membrane
D)An action potential can occur when the neuron's sodium gates open.

Question 22

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is associated with

A)neuronal death
B)loss of axons
C)chronic inflammation
D)All of the above answers are correct

Question 23

Which of the following statements about multiple sclerosis (MS)are NOT true?

A)MS results in damage to neurons within the basal ganglia.
B)MS results in destruction of the myelin sheaths of axons in the central nervous system.
C)MS results in general fatigue and muscle weakness.
D)At present,no known cure exists for MS.

Question 24

The resting membrane potential of neurons is determined by

A)the permeability of the cell membrane to various ions.
B)the number of hydrogen ions located within the neuron.
C)the difference in ion concentration between the intracellular and extracellular fluids.
D)both A and C are correct

Question 25

During low intensity exercise,slow motor units are primarily recruited to do the work.

Question 26

The "knee jerk" or stretch reflex is due to the activation of the muscle spindle.

Question 27

Which of the following statements are true about muscle chemoreceptors?

A)Muscle chemoreceptors send information to the central nervous system via group I and II fibers.
B)Muscle chemoreceptors respond to changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions.
C)Muscle chemoreceptors respond to changes in partial pressure of oxygen within the muscle fibers.
D)All of the above answers are correct

Question 28

An excitatory neurotransmitter

A)results in graded depolarization of the dentrites and cell body.
B)promotes excitatory postsynaptic potentials.
C)promotes potassium entry into the neuron.
D)both A and B are correct.

Question 29

Repeated sport-related traumatic brain injuries (i.e. ,concussions)are associated with a higher risk of developing_________.

A)dementia
B)Alzheimers diease
C)impaired mental function
D)All of the above answers are correct

Question 30

Equilibrium and balance require input from the

A)vestibular apparatus.
B)eyes.
C)joint,tendon,and muscle receptors.
D)all of the above answers are correct.

Question 31

Voluntary movements are planned and executed by the motor cortex without outside influence from other areas of the nervous system.

Question 32

The sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is acetylcholine,and the parasympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is norepinephrine.

Question 33

The Golgi tendon organs monitor

A)tension produced by muscular contraction.
B)the length of muscle.
C)the concentration of sodium ions in the sarcoplasm.
D)the position of joints during movement.

Question 34

Exceptions to the size principle exist during the performance of high intensity and short duration exercise.This recruitment of fast motor units before activation of slow fibers can be achieved by

A)activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
B)inhibiting the activation of slow motor units.
C)reflex action by the Golgi tendon organ.
D)all of the above answers are correct

Question 35

Relative to brain health,regular aerobic exercise has been shown to

A)enhance learning and memory
B)improve brain blood flow
C)stimulate neuron formation
D)do all of the above.

Question 36

The mechanism responsible for the size principle is that compared to large motor neurons,

A)small motor neurons have a small surface area and are easier to depolarize.
B)small motor neurons have a larger (more negative)membrane potential.
C)small motor neurons do not respond to IPSPs
D)all of the above answers are correct

Question 37

Sympathetic neurons are motor neurons,and parasympathetic neurons are sensory neurons.