Deck 10: Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

In a monohybrid cross, how many traits are examined?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The garden pea was a good model for Mendel's genetics experiments. Which of the following is not true regarding this model organism?

A) The plants were easy to grow.
B) Pea plants can either cross-pollinate or self-pollinate.
C) There was only one variety of pea available to Mendel.
D) All inheritance patterns were simple.
E) Most of the traits studied had no intermediate stage.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: There are many varieties of peas that Mendel was able to choose from.

Question 3

Parents with the dominant phenotype cannot have offspring with the recessive phenotype.

A) True, because the dominant gene must be passed down from each parent.
B) True, because at least one dominant gene will be passed down from each parent.
C) False, because one parent could carry the recessive allele.
D) False, because both parents could carry the recessive allele.
E) True, because both parents have the dominant allele.

Answer 3

D
Explanation: If both parents are heterozygous, then there is a ¼ chance that they could have offspring with the recessive phenotype.

Question 4

Which variable will determine the coat color in Himalayan rabbits?

A) the genetics will determine it 100%
B) the environment will determine it 100%
C) both the genetics and environment will determine the coat color
D) neither the environment nor genes will play a role in determining coat color

Question 5

In a one-trait testcross, the phenotype that disappears in the F₁ generation of a homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive cross is the

A) dominant trait.
B) negative trait.
C) recessive trait.
D) heterozygote.
E) homozygote.

Question 6

If an individual expresses a dominant disease, which of the following is true?

A) All of his children will always inherit the disease.
B) He will pass this disease to all of his daughters.
C) There is at least a 50% probability that his children will inherit the disease.
D) There is a 100% possibility that his sons will inherit this disease.
E) None of his children will inherit the disease unless his wife also has the disease.

Question 7

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

A) physical expression of a trait - phenotype
B) allele that masks expression of alternate allele - dominant
C) identical alleles - homologous
D) allele whose expression can be masked by an alternate allele - recessive
E) the specific alleles that an individual has - genotype

Question 8

What does true-breeding mean?

A) When the plant is pollinated, all the offspring resemble the parent and are heterozygotes.
B) The organism can be cross-pollinated.
C) When the plant self-pollinates, all the offspring resemble the parent, and are homozygous for that gene.
D) The organism is easy to cultivate.
E) The organism cannot be cultivated.

Question 9

Which of the following is not true with regard to the law of segregation?

A) Each individual has two factors for each trait.
B) Genes segregate during gamete formation.
C) Gametes contain only one gene from each pair.
D) During fertilization, each new individual obtains two genes for each trait.
E) Each gamete contains two genes for each trait.

Question 10

If a true-breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a tall pea plant of unknown parentage, which of the following is correct?

A) All of the offspring F₁) will be short.
B) Over several generations, no short individuals will appear.
C) Some short individuals may appear in the F₂ generation.
D) It is impossible to determine based on the information provided.
E) Some of the F₁ generation will be short.

Question 11

The filled-in squares of a Punnett square represent

A) the gametes from both parents.
B) all possible combinations of gametes based on a cross between the two parents.
C) an exact ratio that must always occur when the same parents have four offspring.
D) examples of some of the offspring that can arise from a one-trait cross.
E) the gametes from one parent.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?

A) AAGg
B) freckles
C) AA
D) Ag
E) Gg

Question 13

Skin color is coded for by several different genes which results in a range of skin colors from very dark to very light. This is an example of

A) a multifactorial trait.
B) polygenic inheritance.
C) pleiotropy.
D) codominance.
E) incomplete dominance.

Question 14

If a heterozygous dominant tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of tall:short plants?

A) 1:1
B) 1:2
C) 3:1
D) all tall
E) all short

Question 15

Alleles are

A) dominant traits.
B) recessive traits.
C) two versions of the same trait.
D) alternate versions of the same trait.
E) exact copies of the same trait.

Question 16

Sickle-cell disease is caused by a single mutation in the DNA of a particular gene. A person with this disease has red blood cells that lose their original donut shape and form a sickle shape. People with this disorder suffer from low energy levels, blood clots, and strokes. This is an example of

A) a multifactorial trait.
B) polygenic inheritance.
C) pleiotropy.
D) codominance.
E) incomplete dominance.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a correct match?

A) pollen - male
B) stigma - female
C) anther - female
D) ovule - female
E) stamen - male

Question 18

A couple has three children, two of which have blonde hair. The third child and both parents have dark hair. What can be determined about the gene for hair color in this family?

A) Blonde hair color is an autosomal recessive trait.
B) Blonde hair color is an autosomal dominant trait.
C) Blonde hair color is a sex-linked dominant trait.
D) Blonde hair color is a sex-linked recessive trait.
E) Blonde hair color conveys a lethal mutation.

Question 19

If both parents express a particular trait, but their child does not, what does this indicate about the trait?

A) The trait is an autosomal dominant trait.
B) The trait is an autosomal recessive trait.
C) The trait is sex-linked recessive.
D) The trait is sex-linked dominant.
E) This is a lethal trait.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about an individual with the chromosomes shown in this figure?

A) All offspring will have the dominant phenotype for each trait.
B) All offspring will have the recessive phenotype for each trait.
C) A maximum of four different gametes are possible with four traits.
D) The individual is heterozygous for all traits.
E) The individual is homozygous for at least one trait.

Question 21

Morgan buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the albino allele. Morgan mates the snake with an albino female, and four normally pigmented offspring are produced. Morgan rushes back to the snake dealer and demands his money back stating that the male he bought is not heterozygous for the albino allele because all of its offspring had normal pigmentation.

A) True, because according to the laws of probability, at least one of the offspring should have been albino.
B) True, because 50% of all offspring produced must be albino.
C) False, because for each offspring, there is a 50% chance that it will have normal pigmentation.
D) False, because a heterozygous male will only pass the dominant allele to its offspring.
E) True, because if at least one parent is homozygous recessive, at least one of their offspring must also show the recessive trait.

Question 22

Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced six offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino. What is the chance that another offspring produced by the same parents will be albino?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 23

A cow with black and white patches is produced from a white bull and a black cow. This is an example of

A) incomplete dominance.
B) codominance.
C) dominance/recessive trait.
D) polygenic.
E) pleiotropy.

Question 24

The outcome of a genetic cross involving eye color and body type is predicted to have a 25%: 25%: 25%: 25% ratio. When bred, the organisms produced offspring with the following ratio 45%: 45%: 3%: 3%. These results are most likely due to

A) the two genes in question being linked on the same chromosome.
B) a spontaneous mutation within the offspring.
C) pure chance.
D) an inaccurate prediction for the 25%: 25%: 25%: 25% ratio.
E) the two genes being on separate chromosomes.

Question 25

Martha has a widow's peak dominant trait) and attached earlobes recessive trait). Martha's dad had a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. What is Martha's genotype?

A) WWEE
B) WwEE
C) wwee
D) WwEe
E) Wwee

Question 26

Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced six offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino. What do you know about the genotype of the father?

A) He must be homozygous dominant.
B) He must be heterozygous.
C) He must be homozygous recessive.
D) He could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.
E) There is not enough information to determine the father's genotype.

Question 27

During meiosis, each pair of alleles on the homologous chromosomes sorts independently from all other pairs of alleles. This statement corresponds to

A) the rule of multiplication.
B) the law of segregation.
C) the law of probability.
D) gene theory.
E) the law of independent assortment.

Question 28

A man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B can have a baby with blood type O.

A) True, because A and B are the dominant blood types and both individuals could carry a type O allele.
B) False, the child must have type AB blood.
C) True, because A and B are codominant.
D) False, because type A and B are dominant blood types and these individuals cannot have offspring with the recessive blood type.
E) True, because only one O allele is needed.

Question 29

A long-winged Drosophila female with a gray body heterozygotic for both traits) mates with a black, short-winged male fly recessive for both traits). The phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 1:1:1:1. What is the genotype of the female fly?

A) LlGg
B) LLGG
C) llgg
D) LLgg
E) llGG

Question 30

In a dihybrid cross where both parents are heterozygous, the phenotypic ratio is

A) 1:2:1.
B) 9:3:3:1.
C) 1:1:1.
D) 3:1.
E) 1:1:1:1.

Question 31

A heterozygote for a trait exhibiting incomplete dominance will

A) express the dominant trait.
B) express the recessive trait.
C) exhibit an intermediate phenotype.
D) express both alleles.
E) exhibit an intermediate genotype.

Question 32

Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced six offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino. What do you know about the genotype of the baby snakes with the normal coloration?

A) They must be homozygous dominant.
B) They must be homozygous recessive.
C) They must be heterozygous.
D) They could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.
E) There is not enough information to determine their genotype, but we know that they must carry the dominant allele.

Question 33

If the parental genotype is EeWw, what are the potential allele combinations that could occur at the end of meiosis?

A) EW, Ew, eW, and ew
B) EW, EE, eW, and ww
C) WW, Ew, EW, and ew
D) EE, WW, ee, and ww
E) EW, Ew, ee and ww

Question 34

If a homozygous black bull is mated with a homozygous white cow and the calf is gray, this would be an example of ________. However, if the calf has black and white spots, this would be an example of ________.

A) incomplete dominance; a sex-linked trait
B) complete dominance; polygenic trait
C) codominance; homology
D) incomplete dominance; codominance
E) a sex-linked trait; a recessive trait

Question 35

Which of the following is not a correct match?

A) physical expression of a trait - phenotype
B) allele that masks the expression of an alternate allele - dominant
C) identical alleles - heterozygous
D) allele whose expression can be masked by an alternate allele - recessive
E) the specific alleles that an individual has - genotype

Question 36

Alleles that are linked on the same chromosome will assort independently during meiosis.

Question 37

What are all possible gametes that can be produced by an individual with the following genotype: FFGg?

A) Fg, FG
B) FF
C) Fg
D) FG, Fg, fG, fg
E) Fg, fG

Question 38

Martha has a widow's peak dominant trait) and attached earlobes recessive trait). Martha's dad had a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. If Martha marries a man that is heterozygous for both traits, what is the probability that they will have a child with a widow's peak and attached earlobes?

A) 1/16
B) 3/8
C) 1/4
D) 1/2
E) 3/4

Question 39

Which of the following is not true about blood types?

A) I^A represents antigen A on red blood cells.
B) One person with AB blood has two different antigens on his red blood cells.
C) The allele representing blood type O is recessive.
D) This is an example of a multiple allele trait and an individual can have up to three different alleles.
E) Blood types exhibit codominance and are also an example of a multiple allele trait.

Question 40

Morgan buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the albino allele. What is the most effective way for Morgan to verify this statement?

A) Breed the snake with a heterozygous female.
B) Breed the snake with a homozygous normal female.
C) Breed the snake with a female sibling.
D) Breed the snake with a homozygous recessive albino female.
E) He can breed the snake with any female, and a portion of the offspring will always be albino.

Question 41

Which of the following is an autosomal dominant disorder?

A) Huntington's disease
B) sickle-cell disease
C) alkaptonuria
D) cystic fibrosis
E) methemoglobinemia

Question 42

A homozygous red-eyed female Drosophila mates with a red-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of the female offspring will have white eyes?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 43

Red-green color blindness is a recessive X-linked trait. If a female is red-green color-blind, which of the following is true?

A) Her mother must be color-blind.
B) Both her parents must be color-blind.
C) Both her parents are carriers of the recessive allele.
D) Her father must be color-blind.
E) Women cannot exhibit red-green color blindness because they have two X chromosomes.

Question 44

Vitamin-D resistant rickets is a sex-linked dominant trait, which leads to softening of the bones, which can cause fractures and deformities. Rickets is often due to a deficiency of vitamin D; however, with vitamin- D resistant rickets, ingestion of vitamin D is ineffective. Maria's mother is normal and does not display any symptoms of this disease. Maria's father, however, has the disease. Maria marries a man that does not have the disease. What is the probability that they will have a son that has the disease?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 45

Which is not true according to Mendel's law and meiosis?

A) One factor must be dominant and one factor recessive in each individual.
B) Each individual contains two factors for each trait.
C) Factors separate from each other during gamete formation.
D) Each gamete contains one copy of each factor.
E) Fertilization restores the presence of two factors.

Question 46

A woman with type AB blood marries a man with type B blood. If they have children, what are all the possible blood types for the children?

A) AB only
B) AB, AA, AO, and BO
C) AB, BB, AO, and BO
D) BB only
E) AA, BB, and AB

Question 47

Traits that are controlled by several sets or pairs of alleles, such as skin color and height in humans, are the result of what form of inheritance?

A) polygenic
B) incomplete dominance
C) multiple allele systems
D) simple Mendelian inheritance
E) codominance

Question 48

A blue-eyed, left-handed woman marries a brown-eyed, right-handed man who is heterozygous for both of his traits. If blue eyes and left-handedness are recessive, how many different phenotypes are possible in their children?

A) four
B) three
C) two
D) one
E) five

Question 49

A red-eyed male Drosophila mates with a red-eyed female Drosophila. One of the female's parents had white eyes. What proportion of the male offspring will have white eyes?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 50

A male is always homozygous for a trait that is

A) codominant.
B) X-linked.
C) autosomal.
D) dominant.
E) dihybrid.

Question 51

Linked genes

A) always assort independently.
B) undergo crossing-over of sister chromatids at a high rate.
C) are found on homologous chromosomes.
D) never cross over during prophase I.
E) tend to be close together on a single chromosome.

Question 52

Both parents are heterozygous for Tay-Sachs disease an autosomal recessive disorder). Three children in a row were born with Tay-Sachs disease. What is the chance that a fourth child will have Tay-Sachs disease?

A) 25%
B) 0%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 53

Which of the following is true?

A) Females can be heterozygous for sex-linked traits.
B) All traits on the sex chromosomes are associated with sexual development.
C) Males are heterozygous for the SRY gene.
D) The X and Y chromosomes are homologous.
E) Men pass their X-linked traits to their sons.

Question 54

Unattached earlobes EE or Ee) are dominant over attached earlobes ee). A couple both have unattached earlobes. Both notice that one of their parents on both sides have attached earlobes ee). Therefore, they correctly assume that they are carriers for attached earlobes Ee). If the couple proceeds to have four children, then

A) they can be certain that three will be heterozygous and one homozygous recessive.
B) if the first three are heterozygous, the fourth must be homozygous recessive.
C) the children must repeat the grandparents'genotype Ee).
D) all children must have unattached earlobes since both parents possess the dominant gene for it.
E) two heterozygous, one homozygous dominant, and one homozygous recessive is a likely outcome, but all heterozygous, or two, three, or all four homozygous is also possible.

Question 55

What genetic disorder is associated with the lack of an enzyme necessary for the normal metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine?

A) phenylketonuria PKU)
B) Marfan syndrome
C) Huntington disease
D) sickle-cell disease
E) cystic fibrosis CF)

Question 56

Vitamin-D resistant rickets is a sex-linked dominant trait, which leads to softening of the bones, which can cause fractures and deformities. Rickets is often due to a deficiency of vitamin D; however, with vitamin- D resistant rickets, ingestion of vitamin D is ineffective. Maria's mother is normal and does not display any symptoms of this disease. Maria's father, however, has the disease. Maria marries a man that does not have the disease. What is the probability that they will have a daughter that has the disease?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 57

Amy has wavy hair and 6 fingers an autosomal dominant trait). Wavy hair is inherited through incomplete dominance. Which of the following combinations are possible for her parents?

A) 5 only
B) 1 and 2
C) 1, 3, and 4
D) 2, 4, and 5
E) 2 and 4

Question 58

Ryan has type A blood and is color-blind an X-linked recessive trait). Which of the following combinations are possible for his parents?

A) 1, 2, and 3
B) 1 and 2
C) 1, 3, and 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
E) 1, 3, 4, and 5

Question 59

On one chromosome, the allele for white eyes is located at loci 12 and the allele for a hairy body is located at loci 16. On a second chromosome, the allele for red eyes is located at loci 15 and the allele for a normal body is located at loci 17. Which allele combination has the greater map distance?

A) white eyes and hairy body
B) white eyes and normal body
C) red eyes and normal body
D) red eyes and hairy body
E) white eyes and red eyes

Question 60

Which genetic disorder is associated with an irregular shape of the red blood cells?

A) sickle-cell disease
B) Marfan syndrome
C) Huntington disease
D) phenylketonuria PKU)
E) cystic fibrosis CF)

Question 61

Primroses have white flowers when grown above 32°C but red flowers when grown at 24°C. This interaction between phenotypic expression and environment is an example of

A) epistasis.
B) polygenic traits.
C) pleiotropy.
D) multiple allelism.
E) codominance.

Question 62

What type of disorder is hemophilia classified as?

A) sex-linked recessive
B) sex-linked dominant
C) codominance
D) polygenic
E) pleiotropic

Question 63

Cold weather can change what aspect of a Himalayan rabbit?

A) phenotype
B) genotype
C) alleles
D) sex
E) rate of genetic mutations

Question 64

What type of disorder is muscular dystrophy classified as?

A) sex-linked recessive
B) sex-linked dominant
C) codominance
D) pleiotropic
E) polygenic inheritance

Question 65

Which of the following is a sex-linked recessive disorder?

A) color blindness
B) Marfan syndrome
C) sickle-cell disease
D) cystic fibrosis
E) alkaptonuria

Question 66

People who suffer from Marfan syndrome have disproportionately long limbs, a weakened aorta, and poor eyesight. All of these characteristics are due to the production of abnormal connective tissue, resulting from a single defective gene. Marfan syndrome is an example of

A) pleiotropy.
B) polygenic inheritance.
C) multiple allelism.
D) epistasis.
E) codominance.

Question 67

Hydrangeas are a flowering plant with large showy blooms. When a plant is grown in aluminum-rich soil, it has blue flowers; if the same plant is transplanted into soil that is lacking aluminum, the flowers produced will be pink. This is an example of

A) environmental effects.
B) codominance.
C) incomplete dominance.
D) polygenetic inheritance.
E) monohybrid inheritance.