Deck 21: Cariology and Caries Management

Question 1

Which of the following microorganisms primarily secretes lactic acid?

A) Streptococcus mutans
B) Lactobacillus
C) Streptococcus sobrinus
D) Actinomyces species

Answer 1

Streptococcus mutans

Question 2

Remineralization is caused by the caries process.This process occurs when,in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates,specific microorganisms produce organic acids that are capable of dissolving the inorganic components from the enamel and dentin.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Answer 2

The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.

Question 3

Caries management by risk assessment can be defined as

A) An evidence-based disease-management protocol designed for clinical practice
B) A tool to use when evaluating for dental sealants
C) A tool that can only be used by dentists,who are permitted to diagnosis
D) A way to help patients make decisions about periodontal health

Answer 3

An evidence-based disease-management protocol designed for clinical practice

Question 4

Which option promotes greater bacterial adhesion to the tooth and adds mass to the biofilm?

A) Streptococcus mutans
B) Intracellular polysaccharides
C) Extracellular polysaccharides
D) Intercellular mutans

Question 5

Which of the following bacteria is MOST commonly involved in the caries process?

A) Actinomyces species
B) Streptococcus sanguinis
C) Mutans streptococci
D) Lactobacillus

Question 6

Factors that determine outcome by interacting with each other are termed

A) Confounders
B) Inhibitors
C) Determinants
D) Indicators

Question 7

To initiate enamel demineralization,the pH must drop to approximately

A) 6.0 to 6.5
B) 5.0 to 5.5
C) 4.0 to 4.5
D) 3.0 to 3.5

Question 8

Which of the following recommendations are appropriate for a 15 year old with a low caries risk who resides in a nonfluoridated community?

A) Fluoride dentifrice and dietary fluoride supplements
B) Fluoride dentifrice and xylitol gum or mints
C) Fluoride dentifrice and prescription concentration (5,000 ppm)fluoride mouthrinse
D) Dietary fluoride supplements and prescription concentration (5,000 ppm)fluoride dentifrice

Question 9

Patients at high risk for caries need to retain higher fluoride reservoirs.Dental hygienists should advise caries-prone individuals to spit out remaining toothpaste when brushing their teeth and avoid rinsing with water.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.

Question 10

What elements dissociate from the tooth surface during the demineralization process?

A) Fluorapatite
B) Calcium hydroxide
C) Calcium citrate and pyrophosphate
D) Calcium and phosphate

Question 11

Caries is a process that,if identified in the early stages,is reversible by remineralization of the affected area.When cavitation or a break in the enamel occurs,remineralization is no longer feasible and restorative treatment is indicated.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 12

The four primary factors implicated in the development of a carious lesion are: a susceptible host tooth,acidogenic microorganisms,available fermentable carbohydrate substrate,and

A) A plaque-free tooth surface
B) Presence of dental biomaterials
C) Sufficient period of time for these factors to occur
D) Frequent smoking of tobacco products

Question 13

__________is the study of dental caries and ____________is the development of caries.

A) Cariology,cariogenesis
B) Cariogenesis,cariology
C) Cavitation,demineralization
D) Cavitology,demineralization

Question 14

The presence of which of the following inhibits dissolution and enhances the remineralization process?

A) Triclosan
B) Fluoride
C) Hydroxyapatite
D) Saliva

Question 15

The acidic environment causes a drop in the pH in the oral cavity,which results in a loss of calcium and phosphate from which crystals of the enamel surfaces?

A) Hydroxyapatite
B) Fluorohydroxyapatite
C) Calcium oxyapatite
D) Both A and B
E) Both B and C

Question 16

Radiographic detection is enhanced by using paralleling techniques for bitewing radiographs to detect interproximal lesions and root caries.This detection technique is no longer recommended because there are more screening tools available to the dental hygienist.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.

Question 17

The dental caries disease process is dynamic in nature.Therefore,the patient has no need to be assessed frequently to evaluate and monitor disease activity.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 18

These microorganisms tend to suppress or displace other acidogenic bacteria due to the low pH and are one of the most acid tolerant of the cariogenic microorganisms.

A) Streptococcus mutans
B) Lactobacillus
C) Streptococcus sobrinus
D) Actinomyces species

Question 19

One factor that is essential for dental caries to occur is

A) High pH
B) Salivary flow
C) Presence of acidogenic microorganisms
D) High-fiber diet

Question 20

Which of the following dietary practices concerning sugars and refined carbohydrates correlates with the highest caries risk?

A) Frequency of intake
B) Amount consumed
C) Physical nature of the substrate
D) Exposure at a meal

Question 21

Removing decay and placing restorative materials repairs or replaces tooth structure.Removing decay and placing a filling significantly reduces the infection in the remainder of the oral cavity.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 22

A white spot lesion on a smooth surface is an example of a disease indicator.Adequate saliva flow is considered a risk factor for caries.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 23

Minimal intervention dentistry incorporates which of the following?

A) Removal of gross decay
B) Assessment of caries risk
C) Treatment of carious lesions on a microscopic level
D) A,B,and C
E) B and C