Deck 17: Health Promotion Through Healthy Communities and Cities

Question 1

The Healthy Cities project was initiated in Europe at the World Health Organization. It began with the recognition that:

A) Cities are unhealthy places to live
B) Half of the world's population lives in urban areas.
C) Citizens want to have control over their health.
D) Urban areas attract many immigrants and refugees who have poor health.

Answer 1

Half of the world's population lives in urban areas.

Question 2

When the Healthy Cities concept was brought to the United States:

A) The cities chosen for the initial work were Los Angeles and New York City.
B) Canada adopted the program at the same time for continuity across borders.
C) The same strict guidelines that were implemented in Europe were used.
D) Instead of cities, localities and smaller communities were targeted.

Answer 2

Instead of cities, localities and smaller communities were targeted.

Question 3

Healthy Cities is based on which of the following premises?

A) When people have the opportunity to work out their own locally defined health problems, they will find sustainable solutions to those problems.
B) Health of a community is enhanced by focusing on quantity rather than quality of life issues.
C) Health professionals should take a leadership role in providing direction for Healthy Cities projects.
D) Cities need enough health professionals to care for those needing medical care.

Answer 3

When people have the opportunity to work out their own locally defined health problems, they will find sustainable solutions to those problems.

Question 4

If a group wanted to investigate why there was a high death rate related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in their community, how could information be obtained?

A) Consulting the Bureau of Statistics
B) Surveying citizens by going door-to-door
C) Looking at Morbidity and Morality Weekly Report
D) Gathering data from health care providers at the health department.

Question 5

When designing interventions and evaluating results of Healthy Municipalities and Cities, which of the following should be considered?

A) Influence of individual action
B) Acute care hospital service
C) Social results and endorsement of law makers
D) Effectiveness of health services including delivery of preventive services

Question 6

Part of the implementation of the Community Health Improvement Model involves performing a community assessment. The purpose of this is:

A) To allow the committee to become more acquainted with the multiple biological, behavioral, social, and physical factors that describe and influence health status of residence.
B) To survey the people in the community about their wants and needs.
C) To allow special interest groups a say in health policy
D) To provide a narrow focus for the committee work.

Question 7

The Community Health Improvement Model has many steps. These steps resemble:

A) The US Constitution
B) The WHO policy and procedures
C) The nursing process
D) The CDC monitoring program

Question 8

Media support for Healthy Communities and Cities is important because:

A) People watch a lot of television.
B) Local television stations provide the support for projects.
C) The images of the work can reach the broader community.
D) Resources can be solicited in this manner.

Question 9

There are three broad categories of social determinants. One is "social institutions." This refers to:

A) Neighborhoods, workplaces, towns, and cities
B) Positions in the social hierarchy
C) Cultural and religious institutions, economic systems, and political structures
D) Conceptual frameworks

Question 10

The Community Health Promotion Model developed at the Indiana University School of Nursing has a nine-step process for implementing the Healthy Cities model. Which of the following is a step in the process?

A) Ensuring high technological access before the plan can be implemented
B) Soliciting the consent of every member of the community
C) Assessing the community
D) Restructuring the public health policy in the community

Question 11

Building partnerships is an important part of the implementation process of the Community Health Improvement Model. This involves inviting interested persons to become active in the process. What are some important factors for active participation?

A) Individuals must be assigned to work groups for effective implementation.
B) The groups must represent all segments of the population.
C) People will only work together if they endorse the leadership.
D) People participate when they feel a sense of community and see the issues as worthy of their time.

Question 12

The continuance of the Healthy Communities and Cities movement depends on many factors that facilitate or impede the process. The process can be influenced by which of the following factors?

A) Time
B) Community participation
C) Federal involvement
D) Technology

Question 13

The Healthy Cities Movement supports the idea that:

A) Healthy cities and communities must be both environmentally and socially sustainable.
B) Health public policy is in the hands of legislators.
C) Physical environments cannot be changed, so the community must develop strategies to cope with them.
D) The World Health Organization in Europe will be the primary source of information for cities.

Question 14

The Community Health Improvement Model often asks nurses to be involved in the process by providing data relevant to community health services. Nurses can also be involved in:

A) Changing public policy
B) Initiating, coordinating and being a part of the research team conducting evaluation research
C) Providing nursing diagnoses for the community
D) Rewriting the objectives for Healthy People 2010

Question 15

International cooperation is an important part of the Healthy Communities and City project because:

A) Many people travel to foreign countries.
B) Health problems transcend international borders.
C) Health experts live in many parts of the world.
D) The health care needs of all people are the same internationally.

Question 16

There are several phases of Healthy Cities and Communities Strategies. The Action Phase refers to:

A) Developing a detailed work plan
B) Conducting a primary assessment of the community
C) Encouraging politicians and other decision makers to commit to community capacity building
D) Developing a strategic plan

Question 17

Indiana and California have the longest history of the Health Communities and Cities in the United States. Six cities with diverse populations were initially involved in the project. Some of the actions taken were:

A) Addressing problems of children, teen parents, and the homeless
B) Providing fire and police protection
C) Creating no-fly zones over their areas
D) Eliminating crime and violence from their communities.

Question 18

The models of community practice and assumptions professionals have about communities shape the implementation of the Health Communities and Cities process. There is a "ladder of participation" that emphasizes the lower levels, which are:

A) Locality development as a process-oriented model
B) Social planning stressing rational outcomes
C) Concrete actions to change the balance of power
D) Therapy, information, and participation in which community practice and action is planned by professionals and experts in a top-down approach

Question 19

The wearing of seat belts is required in many communities. Children of a certain age must be restrained in a car seat or seat belt when riding in a car. This is an example of which of the following?

A) Unilateral action of lawmakers
B) Participation in health fairs
C) Healthy public policy
D) Media interest in protecting the public

Question 20

The goal of The Healthy Cities Movement is to:

A) Put health promotion on the political agenda of cities
B) Reorganize the current health care system
C) Maximize the cost-benefit ratio of health care
D) Improve the quality of care in communities

Question 21

Healthy Cities emphasizes:

A) A top-down approach with rational-empirical problem solving
B) A top-down approach with community practice planned by experts
C) A bottom-up approach with manipulation, therapy, and informing
D) A bottom-up approach with multisectoral planning and action for health

Question 22

The implementation of the Community Health Improvement Model has several components. They include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A) Identifying interest by community forums
B) Building the partnership
C) Contacting law makers
D) Contacting other cities with similar problems and issues.

Question 23

Healthy Communities and Cities include which of the following desired criteria? Select all that apply.

A) Primary care
B) Equity health promotion
C) Community participation
D) High technologic environments

Question 24

The strategic framework provided by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion includes five elements. The highest priority for health promotion action is:

A) Creating supportive environments
B) Developing personal skills
C) Building healthy public policy
D) Reorienting health services

Question 25

A higher level of citizen participation includes:

A) Partnership
B) Information
C) Manipulation
D) Planning