Deck 30: Body Fluid Examination: the Qualitative, Quantitative, and Morphologic Analysis of Serous, Cerebrospinal, and Synovial Fluids

Question 1

The removal of synovial fluid is known as ______________.

A) Arthrocentesis
B) Thoracentesis
C) Paracentesis
D) Lumbar puncture

Answer 1

Arthrocentesis

Question 2

Which type of fluid surrounds articulations?

A) Pericardial
B) Pleural
C) Peritoneal
D) Cerebrospinal
E) Synovial

Answer 2

Synovial

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding body fluid cell counts on an automated instrument?

A) The automated instruments are standardized for body fluid cell counts.
B) Cell size variation in fluids is less than in peripheral blood.
C) Background debris and clots are often present in serous fluids.
D) Synovial fluids are not viscous.

Answer 3

Background debris and clots are often present in serous fluids.

Question 4

Which of the following laboratory data is suggestive of an exudate?

A) WBC count greater than 1000/µL
B) Specific gravity less than or equal to 1.015
C) TP less than or equal to 3.0 g/dL
D) Fluid TP to serum TP ratio less than 0.5

Question 5

What is the name of the procedure in which pleural fluid is removed?

A) Hemothorax
B) Thoracentesis
C) Pneumothorax
D) Empyema

Question 6

Which of the following laboratory data is not suggestive of a transudate?

A) White blood cell (WBC) count greater than 1000/µL
B) Specific gravity less than or equal to 1.015
C) Total protein (TP) less than or equal to 3.0 g/dL
D) Fluid TP to serum TP ratio less than 0.5

Question 7

Exudates are caused by:

A) Bacterial infection
B) Viral infection
C) Trauma
D) Neoplasms
E) All of the above

Question 8

A technologist is performing a total cell count on a pericardial fluid. She prepares the undiluted fluid on a hemacytometer. An average of 170 cells was seen in the entire ruled area on each side of the hemacytometer. Calculate the total cell count.

A) 189 cells/µL
B) 425 cells/µL
C) 8500 cells/µL
D) 1237 cells/µL

Question 9

Which type of fluid surrounds the abdominal cavity?

A) Pericardial
B) Pleural
C) Peritoneal
D) Cerebrospinal
E) Synovial

Question 10

Which type of fluid surrounds the subarachnoid space?

A) Pericardial
B) Pleural
C) Peritoneal
D) Cerebrospinal
E) Synovial

Question 11

What is the preferred method for total cell counts on a clear body fluid?

A) Automated instrument with a 1:100 dilution
B) Automated instrument undiluted
C) Manual cell count using a hemacytometer with a 1:100 dilution
D) Manual cell count using a hemacytometer undiluted

Question 12

Which of the following cell types are seen in normal serous body fluids?

A) Neutrophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Monocytes/macrophages
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is not true of cytocentrifugation?

A) Cell differentiation is determined by Wright-Giemsa staining
B) A good cell recovery is possible.
C) Malignant cells are difficult to identify with this type of preparation.
D) The cytocentrifuge slide becomes a permanent record.

Question 14

Neutrophils are not typically seen in which type of body fluid?

A) Pleural
B) Pericardial
C) Peritoneal
D) Synovial
E) Cerebrospinal

Question 15

A characteristic feature of a malignant cell is _________________.

A) Small cell size
B) Smooth nuclear membrane
C) Nuclear molding
D) Low N:C ratio

Question 16

Which type of fluid surrounds the lungs?

A) Pericardial
B) Pleural
C) Peritoneal
D) Cerebrospinal
E) Synovial

Question 17

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a transudate?

A) Seen in congestive heart failure
B) Can form a clot
C) Clear
D) Pale yellow in color

Question 18

Why is paracentesis performed?

A) To check the function of the liver
B) To check the function of the heart
C) To check the function of the lungs
D) To rule out bacterial infection and malignancy of the abdominal cavity

Question 19

A technologist is performing a total cell count on a synovial fluid. He prepares the undiluted fluid on a hemacytometer. An average of 213 cells was seen in 4 mm² of the chamber on each side of the hemacytometer. Calculate the total cell count.

A) 237 cells/µL
B) 533 cells/µL
C) 2681 cells/µL
D) 10,650 cells/µL

Question 20

A technologist is performing a total cell count on a pleural fluid. He prepares the undiluted fluid on a hemacytometer. An average of 251 cells was seen in the entire ruled area on each side of the hemacytometer. Calculate the total cell count.

A) 279 cells/µL
B) 628 cells/µL
C) 12,550 cells/µL
D) 8264 cells/µL

Question 21

RA cells are ________________________.

A) Eosinophils containing immune complexes such as IgG and IgM
B) Eosinophils containing immune complexes such as IgG and IgA
C) Neutrophils containing immune complexes such as IgG and IgM
D) Neutrophils containing immune complexes such as IgG and IgA

Question 22

What type of light is used to determine birefringence?

A) Ultraviolet
B) Infrared
C) Polarized
D) Refracted

Question 23

The presence of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals is typically found in patients with __________________.

A) Gout
B) Chondrocalcinosis
C) Ankylosing spondylitis
D) Osteoarthritis

Question 24

For crystal examination in body fluids, which type of tube should the specimen be collected in?

A) Sodium fluoride
B) Liquid EDTA
C) Heparinized
D) Nonadditive
E) Heparinized or liquid EDTA

Question 25

For cerebrospinal fluid analysis, which tube is used for chemical analysis?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 26

Which type of crystals typically appear as rectangles with notched corners and also as Maltese crosses under polarized light?

A) Monosodium urate
B) Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
C) Calcium oxalate
D) Basic calcium phosphate
E) Cholesterol

Question 27

Which type of crystal contains hydroxyapatite?

A) Monosodium urate
B) Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
C) Calcium oxalate
D) Basic calcium phosphate
E) Cholesterol

Question 28

For cerebrospinal fluid analysis, which tube is used for cell counts?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 29

For body fluid analysis, which tube is observed for clot formation?

A) Plain
B) EDTA
C) Heparinized
D) Fluoride

Question 30

The presence of monosodium urate crystals is typically found in patients with _______.

A) Gout
B) Chondrocalcinosis
C) Ankylosing spondylitis
D) Osteoarthritis

Question 31

In the mucin clot test, synovial fluid would clot due to polymerization of __________.

A) Acetic acid
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Boric acid
D) Hyaluronic acid

Question 32

Which type of crystal typically appears as short rectangular shapes but can also appear as rods and rhomboids and is weakly birefringent?

A) Monosodium urate
B) Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
C) Calcium oxalate
D) Basic calcium phosphate
E) Cholesterol

Question 33

Which type of crystal suggests that a significant hemarthrosis has occurred?

A) Hematoidin
B) Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
C) Calcium oxalate
D) Basic calcium phosphate
E) Cholesterol

Question 34

Which type of crystal is typically long, thin, and needle-like with pointed ends and also strongly birefringent?

A) Monosodium urate
B) Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
C) Calcium oxalate
D) Basic calcium phosphate
E) Cholesterol

Question 35

Which type of crystal appears as small, bipyramidal or pleomorphic shapes?

A) Monosodium urate
B) Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
C) Calcium oxalate
D) Basic calcium phosphate
E) Cholesterol

Question 36

For cerebrospinal fluid analysis, which tube is used for microbiological culture?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4