Deck 14: Learners With Physical Disabilities and Other Health Impairments

Question 1

Cerebral palsy is a condition that occurs

A)during the birth process.
B)before birth.
C)after birth.
D)before brain maturity.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Abrupt, involuntary movements and difficulty in maintaining balance is known as

A)spastic movements.
B)atonic movements.
C)choreoathetoid movements.
D)atonic spasticity.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A condition that may be severe but resolves with treatment is

A)progressive.
B)episodic.
C)chronic.
D)acute.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What effect have advances in medicine had on the need for special education due to physical disabilities?

A)almost eliminated the need for special education for the majority of students with physical disabilities
B)increased the need for special education for students with severe disabilities
C)made it more difficult to identify students with physical disabilities
D)the number of students needing services has been unaffected by medical advances

Question 5

Cerebral palsy is

A)a neurological disease.
B)subject to frequent remission.
C)sometimes contagious.
D)a nonprogressive disorder.

Question 6

The primary distinguishing characteristic of children with physical disability is

A)intellectual and health problems.
B)intellectual and medical problems.
C)medical or health problems.
D)medical or cognitive problems.

Question 7

Which statement is true?

A)The number of people with physical disabilities is declining and the availability of service programs is improving.
B)The number of people with physical disabilities is growing along with the availability of service programs.
C)The number of people with physical disabilities is growing but the availability of service programs is not.
D)The number of people with physical disabilities is declining so the availability of service programs is decreasing.

Question 8

All of the following are common causes of seizures EXCEPT

A)lack of oxygen.
B)high blood sugar.
C)infections.
D)physical trauma.

Question 9

The intelligence of children with cerebral palsy is

A)almost always in the range of mental retardation.
B)clearly higher than the average for the general population.
C)nearly the same as for the general population.
D)difficult to assess due to difficulties in perception, movement, or response speed.

Question 10

Impairments that are the result of injury to the brain that also affect the ability to move parts of one's body are

A)neurological impairments.
B)traumatic brain injuries.
C)orthopedic impairments.
D)neuromotor impairments.

Question 11

A condition that becomes more and more severe over time is

A)progressive.
B)episodic.
C)chronic.
D)acute.

Question 12

Andre's legs are paralyzed, but he has full use of his arms. His condition is

A)diplegia.
B)hemiplegia.
C)paraplegia.
D)quadriplegia.

Question 13

When there is an abnormal discharge of electrical energy in certain brain cells, the result is

A)diplegia.
B)choreoathetoid movements.
C)spasticity.
D)seizures.

Question 14

Impairments that a child is born with are referred to as

A)primary characteristics.
B)congenital anomalies.
C)secondary problems.
D)acquired disabilities.

Question 15

When a child's nervous system is damaged, no matter what the cause, which of the following is often one of the symptoms?

A)muscular weakness or paralysis
B)cognitive deficits
C)seizures
D)missing or malformed limbs

Question 16

Cerebral palsy is classified by

A)the limbs involved and type of motor disability.
B)time period during which brain damage occurred.
C)severity of the symptoms.
D)the effect on intellectual functioning.

Question 17

A condition that is incurable is

A)progressive.
B)episodic.
C)chronic.
D)acute.

Question 18

Stiffness or tenseness of muscles and inaccurate voluntary movements is known as

A)choreoathetosis.
B)atonicity.
C)spasticity.
D)reflexivity.

Question 19

Seizures may differ on all of the following dimensions EXCEPT

A)duration.
B)latency.
C)frequency.
D)causes.

Question 20

A condition that recurs at successive times but does not necessarily become more severe overtime is

A)progressive.
B)episodic.
C)chronic.
D)acute.

Question 21

In addition to its effect on the immune system, AIDS poses all of the following threats to children EXCEPT

A)intellectual disability.
B)emotional or behavioral disorders.
C)seizures.
D)muscular dystrophy.

Question 22

Which statement about phenylketonuria (PKU)is true?

A)It only causes intellectual disabilities.
B)It is the only known genetically determined metabolic disorder.
C)It requires a life-long special diet for treatment.
D)It goes away in late childhood.

Question 23

The extent of the paralysis in spina bifida depends on

A)the stage of development during which it occurs.
B)the success or failure of the surgery to close the opening.
C)the success or failure of the surgery to repair the nerve damage.
D)the location of the spinal cord defect.

Question 24

Harris has a congenital midline defect resulting from failure of the bony spinal column to close completely during fetal development. His condition is known as

A)cleft lip.
B)spinal meningitis.
C)spina bifida.
D)cleft palate.

Question 25

Gareth uses braces on his legs to help provide support when he walks. This is an example of a/an

A)prosthesis.
B)assistive device.
C)orthosis.
D)adaptive device.

Question 26

The greatest problem with using technology for people with physical disabilities is

A)teaching them to use existing technologies.
B)accurately evaluating them to determine what would be most useful.
C)devising more sophisticated assistive technology.
D)the high cost of assistive technology.

Question 27

Children's reactions to their own physical disabilities are largely

A)a reflection of how others respond to them.
B)dependent on the nature and degree of their disabilities.
C)dependent on whether they use a wheelchair for mobility.
D)a reflection of how well they achieve academically.

Question 28

Rheumatoid arthritis is a potentially debilitating disease that

A)causes rapid deterioration of muscle tissue.
B)is characterized by pain in and around the joints and muscles.
C)is associated with neurological degeneration.
D)occurs only in the elderly.

Question 29

What causes more deaths in children than all childhood diseases combined?

A)AIDS
B)accidents
C)suicide
D)abuse

Question 30

Which principles are most important to keep in mind when considering prosthetics and orthotics?

A)residual function, simplicity, reliability
B)age of person, length of limb, intelligence of person
C)residual function, length of limb, cost of device
D)residual function, simplicity, health of person

Question 31

Each of the following statements about preventing physical disabilities is true EXCEPT

A)Many or most physical disabilities are preventable.
B)Reducing the number of teen pregnancies would reduce the number of physical disabilities.
C)Reducing the number of childhood vaccinations has reduced the number of cases of autism.
D)Children with disabilities are at a greater risk for abuse than are those without disabilities.

Question 32

The intelligence of students with conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system is

A)lower than average.
B)unaffected.
C)higher than average.
D)indeterminate.

Question 33

Chronic diseases and health conditions of children have

A)decreased dramatically in recent decades due to improved drug therapies.
B)passed childhood accidents as a cause of death.
C)remained constant in recent decades.
D)increased dramatically during recent decades.

Question 34

Any malformation of the spine, spinal cord, or brain is a

A)choreoathetoid defect.
B)neural tube defect.
C)type of spina bifida.
D)brainstem defect.

Question 35

Catheterization is necessary for individuals with

A)lack of bladder control.
B)poor blood circulation.
C)poor oxygen exchange.
D)lack of mucus and salivation control.

Question 36

A lung disease characterized by episodic inflammation or obstruction of the air passages such that the person has difficulty breathing is

A)allergies.
B)bronchitis.
C)asthma.
D)inhalation.

Question 37

All of the following procedures should be followed if a student has a seizure in school EXCEPT

A)turning child's face to the side.
B)inserting an object between the teeth.
C)loosening clothing.
D)putting something flat and soft under the head.

Question 38

Tim has a hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers. His condition is

A)muscular dystrophy.
B)spina bifida.
C)cerebral palsy.
D)multiple sclerosis.

Question 39

Jim has an artificial leg. This is an example of a/an

A)orthosis.
B)prosthesis.
C)adaptive device.
D)assistive device.

Question 40

For children with most physical disabilities and other health impairments, a common cause of academic difficulties is

A)discrimination and prejudice.
B)erratic school attendance.
C)poor study skills.
D)inadequate motivation.

Question 41

Teenage mothers are more likely than older women to give birth to premature or low-birthweight babies.

Question 42

Children with epilepsy are more disposed to learning disabilities than are children who do not have epilepsy.

Question 43

In most students with orthopedic or musculoskeletal disorders, intelligence is unaffected.

Question 44

Which of the following is likely to be the least concern of early intervention for children with physical disabilities?

A)improving access to school and public buildings
B)preventing further disabilities from developing
C)maximizing the outcome of therapy
D)developing communication skills

Question 45

Sociosexual education for students with physical disabilities includes instruction in all of the following EXCEPT

A)structure and functions of bodies.
B)suppression of sexual desire.
C)alternative modes of sexual gratification.
D)human relationships and responsibilities.

Question 46

Mr. Kent has a child in his class who has a terminal illness. He should

A)avoid discussing his personal feelings about death and dying.
B)keep other students from airing their feelings during school hours.
C)be direct and open in discussing death and dying with the class.
D)avoid communicating directly with the child's parents unless a psychologist is present.

Question 47

Each of the following statements about education for most children with a physical disability is true EXCEPT

A)It should be similar to that for children without disabilities but at a somewhat lower age level.
B)It is often extended beyond that typically provided to include self-help skills.
C)Objectives should include autonomy and self-advocacy.
D)Attention should be given to environmental changes that allow them to respond more effectively.

Question 48

Providing support for the child's body and arranging instructional or play materials in certain ways is known as

A)positioning.
B)handling.
C)assisting.
D)adapting.

Question 49

Each of the following is a reason why most students with physical disabilities are integrated into public schools EXCEPT

A)advances in medical treatment allow greater mobility and functional movement.
B)decreases in architectural and transportation barriers.
C)federal law defined the least restrictive environment (LRE)as the regular classroom.
D)movement toward public education for all children.

Question 50

Physical disabilities of all kinds are decreasing because of medical advances.

Question 51

When special educators talk about transition, they are generally referring to the change from

A)home to school.
B)school to work.
C)childhood to adolescence.
D)special education to regular education.

Question 52

Motor skills need to be taught in isolation to avoid confusing the learner.

Question 53

The primary goal of adapted physical education is

A)to eliminate physical education as a requirement for students with physical disabilities.
B)to provide physical education in a separate setting for students with physical disabilities.
C)to give students with physical disabilities more time in physical education to catch up to their peers.
D)to allow access to activities that support physical, recreational, and leisure goals.

Question 54

Most physical disabilities, even if severe, do not in themselves prevent sexual gratification.

Question 55

Even though a person's brain may be intact and functioning properly, he or she may have neurological impairment because of damage to the spinal cord

Question 56

A situation in which a person with a disability becomes a regular employee, performs a valued function in a regular work setting, and receives fair pay while receiving training, social skills instruction, and other services is

A)job coaching.
B)job shadowing.
C)supported employment.
D)partial employment.

Question 57

Although cerebral palsy is not contagious, it is progressive.

Question 58

Seizures occur more often in children with developmental disabilities than in children without disabilities.

Question 59

In general, academic achievement of children with physical disabilities is below that of their nondisabled peers.

Question 60

A person who provides support for daily living skills and fine motor skills is a(n)

A)physical therapist.
B)occupational therapist.
C)adaptations specialist.
D)cognitive therapist.

Question 61

Discuss the relationship between medical advances and the prevalence of physical disabilities.

Question 62

Discuss the factors that have led to expanded employment opportunities for individuals with physical disabilities.

Question 63

Discuss possible reasons for negative reactions to people with physical disabilities, negative feelings about themselves, and factors that may result in greater acceptance of people with physical disabilities.

Question 64

Define cerebral palsy and discuss the range of effects that this condition can have on functioning.

Question 65

Explain what is meant by the statement: "Educating students with physical disabilities is not so much a matter of special instruction for children with disabilities as it is of educating the nondisabled population." Think about your own home, school, and community and provide three examples of limitations imposed on a person with a physical disability and how those limitations could be eliminated.

Question 66

Why is it important for teachers to know about and to practice proper positioning and handling of students with physical disabilities?

Question 67

List and define the three categories of physical disabilities described in the chapter and provide one example of each. Define each condition.

Question 68

Describe four ways that many physical disabilities could be prevented.

Question 69

Distinguish between prostheses, orthoses, and adaptive devices and provide an example of each.

Question 70

Describe the procedures to be followed when a child has a seizure.