Deck 23: The Digestive System

Question 1

Figure 23.3
Using Figure 23.3, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) E
Only digestive structure with three muscle layers.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Figure 23.1
Using Figure 23.1, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) B
D) C
Serosa.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Figure 23.1
Using Figure 23.1, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) B
D) C
Mucosa.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Match the following:

A) Peristalsis
B) Digestion
C) Hydrolysis
D) Absorption
Wavelike smooth muscle contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube.

Question 5

Figure 23.2
Using Figure 23.2, match the following:

A) E
B) C
C) B
D) D
E) A
Wide lymph capillary located in the villus.

Question 6

Match the following:

A) Peristalsis
B) Digestion
C) Hydrolysis
D) Absorption
Process by which simpler chemical units pass through the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph.

Question 7

Figure 23.2
Using Figure 23.2, match the following:

A) E
B) C
C) B
D) D
E) A
Absorptive cells that line the intestinal tract.

Question 8

Match the following:

A) Peristalsis
B) Digestion
C) Hydrolysis
D) Absorption
Chemical or mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs into simpler units.

Question 9

Figure 23.3
Using Figure 23.3, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) E
Bacteria process undigested chyme from the small intestine.

Question 10

Figure 23.1
Using Figure 23.1, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) B
D) C
Area of the lamina propria.

Question 11

Figure 23.2
Using Figure 23.2, match the following:

A) E
B) C
C) B
D) D
E) A
Cell type specialized to secrete mucus into the lumen of the intestinal tract.

Question 12

Figure 23.3
Using Figure 23.3, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) E
Increases surface area for absorption via villi and microvilli.

Question 13

Figure 23.2
Using Figure 23.2, match the following:

A) E
B) C
C) B
D) D
E) A
Structures that increase the absorptive area of the small intestine.

Question 14

Figure 23.2
Using Figure 23.2, match the following:

A) E
B) C
C) B
D) D
E) A
Paneth cells are found here.

Question 15

Figure 23.3
Using Figure 23.3, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) E
Produces enzymes that break down all categories of foodstuffs.

Question 16

Figure 23.1
Using Figure 23.1, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) B
D) C
Duodenal glands found here.

Question 17

Figure 23.1
Using Figure 23.1, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) B
D) C
Smooth muscle layer.

Question 18

Figure 23.1
Using Figure 23.1, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) B
D) C
MALT found here.

Question 19

Match the following:

A) Peristalsis
B) Digestion
C) Hydrolysis
D) Absorption
Enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule.

Question 20

Figure 23.1
Using Figure 23.1, match the following:

A) A
B) D
C) B
D) C
Continuation of the mesentery.

Question 21

Figure 23.3
Using Figure 23.3, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) E
Produces a mucoid barrier to prevent self-digestion.

Question 22

The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the body.

Question 23

Some of the microbes that often invade other organs of the body are rarely found in the stomach.The reason for this is the presence of HCl.

Question 24

Figure 23.3
Using Figure 23.3, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) E
Main function is to filter and process the nutrient-rich blood delivered to it.

Question 25

Figure 23.3
Using Figure 23.3, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) E
Produces intrinsic factor.

Question 26

Match the following:

A) Secretin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
D) Gastrin
Increases HCl secretion and stimulates contraction of intestinal muscle.

Question 27

Figure 23.3
Using Figure 23.3, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) E
Contains the brush border enzymes that complete digestion of carbohydrates and proteins.

Question 28

All the chemical and mechanical phases of digestion from the mouth through the small intestine are directed toward changing food into forms that can pass through the epithelial cells lining the mucosa into the underlying blood and lymphatic vessels.

Question 29

The pharyngeal-esophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary and is controlled by the swallowing center in the thalamus and lower pons.

Question 30

Stellate macrophages are found in the liver and are responsible for removing bacteria and worn-out cells.

Question 31

Gastric accommodation is an example of smooth muscle plasticity.

Question 32

The only essential function of the stomach is to begin the digestion of proteins.

Question 33

The circular folds of the small intestine enhance absorption by causing the chyme to spiral,rather than to move in a straight line,as it passes through the small intestine.

Question 34

Match the following:

A) Secretin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
D) Gastrin
Stimulates insulin release and mildly inhibits HCl production.

Question 35

Match the following:

A) Secretin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
D) Gastrin
Increases output of enzymatic-rich pancreatic juice.

Question 36

Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells.

Question 37

Match the following:

A) Secretin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
D) Gastrin
Increases output of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions.

Question 38

The major role of absorption in the ileum is to reclaim bile salts to be recycled back to the liver.

Question 39

The relatively unchanging pressure in a filling stomach is due to the contraction of the stomach oblique muscle layer.

Question 40

Figure 23.3
Using Figure 23.3, match the following:

A) C
B) D
C) B
D) A
E) E
Receives blood via the hepatic portal system.

Question 41

The intrinsic ability of visceral smooth muscle to exhibit the stress-relaxation response is termed plasticity.

Question 42

The pancreas has both an endocrine and an exocrine function.

Question 43

The enterohepatic circulation reabsorbs bile salts in the distal portion of the small intestine (ileum).All of the following statements about the enterohepatic circulation are true except one.Select the statement below that is not true of the enterohepatic circulation?

A) Reabsorbing bile salts in the ileum gives more time to emulsify lipid and aid in their absorption within a greater length of the small intestine.
B) All of the components of bile are recycled by this circulation.
C) Reabsorption of bile salts reduces the need to synthesize new bile salts.
D) The reabsorption of bile salts allows them to be reused within new bile.

Question 44

The submucosal nerve plexus provides the major nerve supply to the GI tract wall and controls GI motility.

Question 45

Another term for swallowing is deglutition.

Question 46

Which of the following is the best illustration of the difference between metabolism and digestion?

A) Digestion has a wide variety of chemical reactions while metabolism is restricted to only a few reaction types.
B) Digestions must happen first for metabolism to follow it.
C) Metabolism comprises all of the chemical reactions preformed with in the body while digestion is only the breakdown of food within the G.I. Tract.
D) Digestion requires enzymes for it to take place while metabolism does not necessarily need or use them.

Question 47

The stomach's contractile rhythm is set by pacemaker cells found in the spinal cord.

Question 48

Peyer's patches are found in the submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine.

Question 49

Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach through hormonal and neuronal signals.

Question 50

Mumps is an inflammation of the parotid glands caused by myxovirus.

Question 51

The major stimulus for production of intestinal fluid is distention or irritation of the intestinal mucosa by hypertonic or acidic chyme.

Question 52

Most gastric ulcers are due to excessive production of hydrochloric acid.

Question 53

The major means of propulsion through the alimentary canal is peristalsis.

Question 54

When swallowing,the epiglottis covers the larynx.

Question 55

Most nutrients are absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villi by active transport.

Question 56

The soft palate reflexively opens the nasopharynx to allow the passage of food,which is now called a bolus.

Question 57

Severe diarrhea can diminish potassium ion absorption.

Question 58

Which of the following is least involved in the mechanical breakdown of food,digestion or absorption of nutrients?

A) the oral cavity
B) the esophagus
C) large intestine
D) the small ingestion

Question 59

The digestive function of the liver is to produce bile.

Question 60

Dentin anchors the tooth in place.

Question 61

Generally the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin which are released by duodenal enteroendocrine cells will ________.

A) speed the churning of the stomach
B) increases the output of stomach acid
C) speed the activity of the jejunum
D) slow the activities of the stomach

Question 62

All of the following are true of swallowing (deglutition)except one.Select the statement that is not true of swallowing.

A) The involuntary portion of swallowing takes place in the pharynx.
B) The mouth, pharynx and esophagus all take part in swallowing.
C) The epiglottis assists in propelling food into the trachea.
D) The voluntary phase of swallowing takes place within the mouth.

Question 63

Select the one response below that would not result from a drug that blocks histamine receptors in the cells lining the stomach.

A) It would reduce the symptoms of heartburn.
B) It would cause the release of secretin and cholecystokinin.
C) It would lower the activity of parietal cells.
D) It would raise the pH of the stomach.

Question 64

A ruptured appendix is life threatening because ________.

A) it is likely to cause severe internal bleeding
B) the large intestine will no longer be able to receive digested material from the small intestine
C) loss of the appendix's function will cause an immune deficiency in the digestive system
D) it is likely to cause massive infection of the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 65

Fat absorption through the plasma membrane of epithelial cells ________.

A) Is accomplished by cotransporters that use the concentration gradient of Na+ outside of the cells
B) requires vesicular, active transport of the relatively large fatty acids and monoglyceride
C) occurs by simple diffusion because lipids are able to penetrate the hydrophobic fatty acid tails within the plasma membrane
D) requires enzymes attached to the brush border to further breakdown the fats

Question 66

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.

A) return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low
B) carry toxins to the kidney for disposal through the urinary tract
C) distribute hormones throughout the body
D) collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing in the liver

Question 67

Select the description below that illustrates a difference between a sphincter and circular muscle.

A) A sphincter is a thickening of circular muscle that can prevent the movement of digesting materials while circular muscle is involved in propulsion digesting material.
B) Sphincters are found throughout the GI tract while circular muscle is found only in the proximal portion of the GI tract.
C) A sphincter is composed of smooth muscle while circular muscle is composed of skeletal muscle tissue.
D) Sphincters are found in the proximal portion of the GI tract while circular muscle is found in the distal portions.

Question 68

A doctor consulting a patient that recently has had their gall bladder removed would likely advise ________.

A) increasing unsaturated fats while eliminating trans fats in their diets
B) a low to no carb diet
C) fewer, but larger meals
D) eating foods that are low in fat

Question 69

The sight of food can trigger a series of events that results in the release of gastric juice.All but one of the following is true in regards to the previous statement.Select the one answer that is not true.

A) This prepares the stomach for food before its arrival in the stomach.
B) This is an example of a long reflexive pathway.
C) The motor nerves of this pathway are part of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
D) The cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata are all involved in processing the stimulatory information.

Question 70

Bile salts bind at their hydrophobic regions to large fat globules within the chyme that enters the duodenum.Bile salts break up the fat globule into smaller fat droplets.This role of bile salts is best described as ________.

A) lipid emulsification
B) lipid absorption
C) lipid ingestion
D) lipid digestion

Question 71

Some antacid drugs block histamine receptors,resulting in reduction of the production and excretion of stomach acid.These drugs have the biggest effect on which of the following?

A) surface epithelial cells
B) chief cells
C) mucous neck cells
D) parietal cells

Question 72

In the enteric nervous system,a long reflexive pathway has an advantage over a short reflexive pathway in the fact that ________.

A) long reflexive pathways last much longer than short reflexive pathways
B) long reflexive pathways can respond throughout the entire length of the GI tract while short reflexive pathways can only respond in the proximal end
C) long reflexive pathways are quicker to respond than short reflexive pathways
D) long reflexive pathways can be stimulated by things outside of the GI tract

Question 73

All but one of the following is a function of the low pH found in the stomach.Select the description below that does not reflect a role of stomach acid.

A) The stomach's acid catabolically breaks down food stuffs in preparation for absorption.
B) Stomach acid denatures proteins making the poly peptide chain more accessible to pepsin digestive enzymes.
C) Many potentially harmful bacteria will be prevented entry to the small intestine by stomach acid.
D) Low pH converts pepsinogen to its active form of pepsin, preventing the protease enzyme from digesting the cells that produce it.

Question 74

Which of the organs listed below is involved in all of the following processes: secretion,mechanical breakdown of food,digestion and absorption?

A) the stomach
B) the esophagus
C) the sigmoid colon
D) the large intestines

Question 75

Select the best explanation for why protease enzymes are secreted in inactive forms.

A) Inactive enzymes will simply be expelled with the feces if no protein is present in the digesting food, this will help to conserve energy.
B) The immunoglobulins protecting the digestive tract would be digested without proper regulation of protein digesting enzymes.
C) The enzymes would digest each other if they were not properly regulated.
D) The cells producing inactive enzymes are themselves protected from the enzymes until they are safely within the lumen of the GI tract.

Question 76

Which of the following is the best explanation of the benefit in the digestive system having the largest collection of lymphoid tissue (MALT)at the distal end of the small intestine?

A) The alkaline secretion of the small intestine aid in the growth of bacteria and must be controlled.
B) The body will actively excrete pathogens out the body, into the digestive system to be removed from the body in feces.
C) The huge numbers of bacteria living in the large intestine must be prevented from entering the lumen of the small intestine and being absorbed with food's nutrients into the blood stream.
D) The digestive systems first and foremost job is to digest and absorb nutrients so it puts off immunity for last.

Question 77

The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________.

A) secretion
B) ingestion
C) absorption
D) digestion

Question 78

The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________.

A) in the walls of the tract organs
B) in the glandular tissue that surround the organ lumen
C) in the oral cavity
D) in the pons and medulla

Question 79

Proteins entering the stomach act as a buffer raising pH.Rising pH stimulates the activity of G-cells in the lining of the stomach.All of the following but one will occur.Select the statement below that would not occur.

A) More stomach acid will be produced and secreted.
B) A positive feedback response will be initiated and G-cell activity will continue to go up.
C) Protein digestion will be enhanced.
D) Digestive enzymes will be released.

Question 80

Generally the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin which are released by duodenal enteroendocrine cells will ________.

A) decrease the activities of the accessory digestive organs
B) increases stomach emptying
C) increase the force of stomach contractions
D) increase the release of digestive enzymes and bile