Deck 14: The Autonomic Nervous System
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Deck 14: The Autonomic Nervous System
1
Match the following:
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Increases blood pressure.
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Increases blood pressure.
A
2
Match the following:
A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by preganglionic sympathetic fibers.
A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by preganglionic sympathetic fibers.
B
3
Match the following:
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Short preganglionic,long postganglionic fibers.
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Short preganglionic,long postganglionic fibers.
A
4

Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
A) C
B) A
C) E
D) D
Myelin sheath.
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5
Match the following:
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Decreases heart rate.
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Decreases heart rate.
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6

Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
A) C
B) A
C) E
D) D
Cell body of an ANS preganglionic neuron.
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7

Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
A) C
B) A
C) E
D) D
Cell body of an ANS postganglionic neuron.
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8
Somatic and visceral reflex arcs are similar,but visceral reflex arcs lack afferent fibers (visceral sensory neurons).
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9
Match the following:
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Stimulates ciliary muscles of the eye,which makes the lens bulge for close vision.
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Stimulates ciliary muscles of the eye,which makes the lens bulge for close vision.
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10
The rami communicantes are associated only with the sympathetic division of the ANS.
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11
Match the following:
A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by most postganglionic sympathetic fibers.
A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by most postganglionic sympathetic fibers.
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12
Match the following:
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Collateral ganglia.
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Collateral ganglia.
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13

Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
A) C
B) A
C) E
D) D
Cell body of a somatic motor neuron.
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14
Match the following:
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Maintenance functions.
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Maintenance functions.
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15
The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers.
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16
The sympathetic division innervates more organs than the parasympathetic division.
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17
Match the following:
A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
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18
Match the following:
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Active after you have eaten a meal.
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
Active after you have eaten a meal.
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19
Match the following:
A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
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20
Match the following:
A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by postganglionic sympathetic fibers to sweat glands.
A) Norepinephrine (NE)
B) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Secreted by postganglionic sympathetic fibers to sweat glands.
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21
Most disorders of the autonomic nervous system reflect abnormalities of smooth muscle control.
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22
The facial (VII),glossopharyngeal (IX),and vagus (X)nerves contain postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system.
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23
Autonomic ganglia are sights of synapse and information transmission from preganglionic to postganglionic neurons.
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24
Most blood vessels are innervated by the sympathetic division alone.
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25
The blood vessels of the skin are one of the few areas of the body where the vessels are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
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26
Norepinephrine-releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers.
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27
The effect of beta-blocker drugs (block beta-receptors)is to decrease blood pressure.
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28
Some sympathetic preganglionic fibers stimulate the adrenal medulla to release norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood,producing a "surge of adrenaline."
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29
The effect of the parasympathetic division on the penis is vasodilation causing erection,while ejaculation is due to sympathetic stimulation.
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30
Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia,containing the cell bodies of motor neurons.
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31
Acetylcholine is released by all somatic motor neurons,all preganglionic neurons of the ANS and by the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers.
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32
The celiac ganglion is primarily associated with the sympathetic division.
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33
The ANS stimulates smooth muscles,skeletal muscles and glands,whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only.
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34
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have the same effect on most body organ systems.
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35
The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition,depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.
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36
The adrenal medulla is considered by some to be a "misplaced" sympathetic ganglion since embryologically,they arise from the same tissue.
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37
Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division.
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38
The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division.
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39
All splanchnic nerves are sympathetic.
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40
All visceral organs receive dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.
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41
Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) weak dilation of the blood vessels of skeletal muscles during exercise
B) increase of heart rate and force
C) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera
D) constriction of most blood vessels
A) weak dilation of the blood vessels of skeletal muscles during exercise
B) increase of heart rate and force
C) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera
D) constriction of most blood vessels
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42
Most splanchnic nerves pass through the abdominal aortic plexus.
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43
Cranial nerves III (oculomotor),VII (facial),and IX (glossopharyngeal)supply the entire parasympathetic innervation of the head; however,only the preganglionic fibers lie within these three pairs of cranial nerves.
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44
Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________.
A) somatic nervous system
B) parasympathetic division
C) cerebrum
D) sympathetic division
A) somatic nervous system
B) parasympathetic division
C) cerebrum
D) sympathetic division
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45
Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerves ________.
A) VII (facial)
B) XII (hypoglossal)
C) V (trigeminal)
D) X (vagus)
A) VII (facial)
B) XII (hypoglossal)
C) V (trigeminal)
D) X (vagus)
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46
Albuterol (Ventolin)binds to β2 receptors and is used by asthma patients to dilate the bronchioles of the lungs and ease breathing.
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47
The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye is the ________.
A) submandibular ganglion
B) ciliary ganglion
C) pterygopalatine ganglion
D) otic ganglion
A) submandibular ganglion
B) ciliary ganglion
C) pterygopalatine ganglion
D) otic ganglion
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48
β-adrenergic receptors are the only receptors found on the heart.
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49
The vasomotor tone of blood vessels is mostly under sympathetic control.
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50
Visceral reflexes include the reflexes that empty the bladder and the rectum.
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51
Which of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
A) most glands
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle
D) skeletal muscle
A) most glands
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle
D) skeletal muscle
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52
The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are two separate systems that work totally independent of each other and lack any functional overlap.
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53
Where would you NOT find a cholinergeric nicotinic receptor?
A) all postganglionic neurons (cell bodies and dendrites)
B) adrenal medulla hormone producing cells
C) sarcolemma of skeletal muscle cells at neuromuscular junctions
D) all parasympathetic target organs
A) all postganglionic neurons (cell bodies and dendrites)
B) adrenal medulla hormone producing cells
C) sarcolemma of skeletal muscle cells at neuromuscular junctions
D) all parasympathetic target organs
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54
Control of temperature,endocrine activity,and thirst are functions associated with the ________.
A) thalamus
B) medulla
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebellum
A) thalamus
B) medulla
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebellum
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55
The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) their effectors
B) target organ responses to their neurotransmitters
C) regulation of activity by higher brain centers
D) their efferent pathways and ganglia
A) their effectors
B) target organ responses to their neurotransmitters
C) regulation of activity by higher brain centers
D) their efferent pathways and ganglia
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56
The sacral part of the parasympathetic division serves the pelvic organs and the distal half of the large intestine.
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57
Which of the following does NOT describe the ANS?
A) a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands
B) a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells
C) general visceral motor system
D) involuntary nervous system
A) a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands
B) a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells
C) general visceral motor system
D) involuntary nervous system
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58
Because many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers,the influence of the two divisions on the heart is synergistic,meaning contraction is strongest when both divisions act together.
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59
The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.
A) parasympathetic division
B) somatic division
C) peripheral division
D) sympathetic division
A) parasympathetic division
B) somatic division
C) peripheral division
D) sympathetic division
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60
Rami communicantes are designated white or gray to indicate whether or not the fibers passing through them are myelinated.
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61
Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?
A) first coccyx
B) third lumbar
C) first thoracic
D) second cervical
A) first coccyx
B) third lumbar
C) first thoracic
D) second cervical
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62
Autonomic dysreflexia ________.
A) usually precedes spinal shock
B) results from over-excitatory input from the cortex
C) is also known as autonomic areflexia
D) involves uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons
A) usually precedes spinal shock
B) results from over-excitatory input from the cortex
C) is also known as autonomic areflexia
D) involves uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons
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63
Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ________.
A) visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons
B) somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess
C) visceral arcs do not use integration centers
D) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
A) visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons
B) somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess
C) visceral arcs do not use integration centers
D) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
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64
Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?
A) regulation of pupil size
B) regulation of respiratory rate
C) regulation of body temperature
D) regulation of cardiac rate
A) regulation of pupil size
B) regulation of respiratory rate
C) regulation of body temperature
D) regulation of cardiac rate
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65
Autonomic ganglia contain ________.
A) the cell bodies of motor neurons
B) both somatic afferent and efferent neurons
C) synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors
D) an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons
A) the cell bodies of motor neurons
B) both somatic afferent and efferent neurons
C) synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors
D) an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons
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66
Drugs called beta-blockers ________.
A) decrease heart rate and blood pressure
B) have widespread sympathetic effects
C) increase a dangerously low heart rate
D) are potent antidepressants
A) decrease heart rate and blood pressure
B) have widespread sympathetic effects
C) increase a dangerously low heart rate
D) are potent antidepressants
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67
The parasympathetic tone ________.
A) causes blood pressure to rise
B) prevents unnecessary heart deceleration
C) accelerates activity of the digestive tract
D) determines normal activity of the urinary tract
A) causes blood pressure to rise
B) prevents unnecessary heart deceleration
C) accelerates activity of the digestive tract
D) determines normal activity of the urinary tract
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68
Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion,it can do all of the following EXCEPT?
A) ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion
B) synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
C) pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron
D) synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
A) ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion
B) synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
C) pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron
D) synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
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69
Which of the following is NOT a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
A) elimination of urine
B) salivation
C) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
D) dilation of the pupils
A) elimination of urine
B) salivation
C) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
D) dilation of the pupils
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70
Which of the following adrenergic neurotransmitter receptors plays the major role in heart activity?
A) alpha 1
B) beta 1
C) beta 2
D) beta 3
A) alpha 1
B) beta 1
C) beta 2
D) beta 3
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71
Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.
A) preganglionic fibers are short
B) inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
C) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
D) preganglionic fibers are long
A) preganglionic fibers are short
B) inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
C) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
D) preganglionic fibers are long
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72
The parasympathetic fibers of the ________ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision.
A) oculomotor (III)
B) abducens (VI)
C) optic (II)
D) trochlear (IV)
A) oculomotor (III)
B) abducens (VI)
C) optic (II)
D) trochlear (IV)
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73
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers.
B) Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.
C) Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.
D) Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic ganglia are close to the visceral organs served.
A) Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers.
B) Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.
C) Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.
D) Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic ganglia are close to the visceral organs served.
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74
Which of the following appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic functions?
A) reticular formation
B) hypothalamus
C) midbrain
D) medulla oblongata
A) reticular formation
B) hypothalamus
C) midbrain
D) medulla oblongata
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75
Which sympathetic fibers form a splanchnic nerve?
A) those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers
B) those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia
C) those that synapse with somatic fibers
D) those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered
A) those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers
B) those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia
C) those that synapse with somatic fibers
D) those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered
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76
Erection (vasodilation)of the penis or clitoris ________.
A) is the result of coordinated activation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic input
B) is primarily under sympathetic control
C) is primarily under parasympathetic control
D) depends very little on autonomic activation
A) is the result of coordinated activation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic input
B) is primarily under sympathetic control
C) is primarily under parasympathetic control
D) depends very little on autonomic activation
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77
Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic trunks without synapsing form structures called ________.
A) gray rami communicantes
B) splanchnic nerves
C) white rami communicantes
D) spinal nerves
A) gray rami communicantes
B) splanchnic nerves
C) white rami communicantes
D) spinal nerves
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78
Which of the following is NOT a plexus of the vagus (X)nerve?
A) pulmonary
B) esophageal
C) cardiac
D) inferior hypogastric
A) pulmonary
B) esophageal
C) cardiac
D) inferior hypogastric
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79
Raynaud's disease ________.
A) is frequently life threatening
B) is induced by heat stress
C) occurs primarily in association with injury to the spinal cord
D) is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities
A) is frequently life threatening
B) is induced by heat stress
C) occurs primarily in association with injury to the spinal cord
D) is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities
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80
Where would you NOT find autonomic ganglia?
A) unpaired, anterior to spinal cord
B) within wall of organ served or close to organ
C) paired, beside spinal cord
D) within spinal cord
A) unpaired, anterior to spinal cord
B) within wall of organ served or close to organ
C) paired, beside spinal cord
D) within spinal cord
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