Deck 24: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry

Question 1

The oxidation of ethanol produces ________.

A)acetic acid
B)formic acid
C)citric acid
D)lactic acid
E)oxalic acid

Answer 1

acetic acid

Question 2

Of the compounds below, ________ is an isomer of

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 2

Question 3

How many isomers are possible for C₅H₁₂?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)10

Answer 3

3

Question 4

If each of the following represents an alkane, and a carbon atom is located at each vertex with the proper number of hydrogen atoms also bonded to it, which one is the most reactive?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)They are all equally reactive since they are all alkanes.

Question 5

Which statement about addition reactions between alkenes and HBr is false?

A)The addition occurs at the double bond.
B)Bromine attacks the alkene carbon atom possessing a partial positive charge.
C)A hydrogen atom attaches to the alkene carbon atom possessing a partial negative charge.
D)The π bond breaks in the course of the reaction.
E)The proposed mechanism involves radicals.

Question 6

How many isomers are possible for C₄H₁₀?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)10

Question 7

Alcohols are hydrocarbon derivatives in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by a hydroxyl functional group. ________ is the general formula of an alcohol.

A)R-O-R
B)R-CO-R
C)R-CO-OH
D)R-OH
E)R-CO-H

Question 8

Which structure below represents a ketone?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 9

What type of compound has been used to replace tetraethyl lead ((C₂H₅)₄Pb)as an antiknock agent in gasoline?

A)aromatic compounds
B)olefins
C)fluorochlorocarbons
D)paraffins
E)oxygenated hydrocarbons

Question 10

Which of the following is not currently used as an additive agent in gasoline?

A)toluene
B)ethanol
C)MTBE
D)tetraethyl lead

Question 11

The structure of 2,3-dimethylheptane is ________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 12

Which substance would be the most soluble in gasoline?

A)water
B)NaNO₃
C)HCl
D)hexane
E)NaCl

Question 13

Which one of the following compounds is an isomer of CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
B)
C)
D)
E)CH₃OH

Question 14

Which one of the following is not an alcohol?

A)acetone
B)glycerol
C)ethanol
D)cholesterol
E)ethylene glycol

Question 15

Benzene behaves differently from a hydrocarbon which simply contains three C C bonds in that the latter would be expected to react much more readily with ________.

A)H₂
B)Cl₂
C)Br₂
D)HCl
E)all of the above

Question 16

How many isomers of C₂H₂Cl₂ are polar?

A)none
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)It is impossible to tell without more information.

Question 17

How many structural isomers (include all types except optical)can be drawn for C₅H₁₀?

A)5
B)6
C)7
D)10
E)12

Question 18

Which of the following compounds do not contain an sp³ hybridized oxygen atom?

A)ketones
B)alcohols
C)ethers
D)esters
E)water

Question 19

When petroleum is distilled to separate the components by boiling point, the component with the highest boiling point is called ________.

A)gas
B)gasoline
C)kerosene
D)paraffin
E)asphalt

Question 20

Which statement about hydrocarbons is false?

A)The smallest alkane to have structural (constitutional)isomers has 4 carbon atoms.
B)Cyclic alkanes are structural isomers of alkenes.
C)Alkanes are more reactive than alkenes.
D)Alkanes can be produced by hydrogenating alkenes.
E)Alkenes can be polymerized.

Question 21

The tertiary structure of proteins is maintained by ________ bonds.

A)hydrogen
B)dipole-dipole
C)ion-dipole
D)covalent
E)all of the above

Question 22

Which one of the following molecules is chiral?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 23

Proteins are biopolymers formed via multiple condensation coupling of which two functional groups?

A)ester and amine
B)amine and carboxylic acid
C)alcohol and carboxylic acid
D)alcohol and amine
E)ester and carboxylic acid

Question 24

How many chiral carbon atoms does the neopentane (2, 2 - dimethylpropane)have?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 25

The principal difference between fructose and glucose is that ________.

A)fructose is a disaccharide and glucose is a monosaccharide
B)fructose is a monosaccharide and glucose is a disaccharide
C)fructose is chiral and glucose is not
D)glucose is chiral and fructose is not
E)fructose is a ketone sugar and glucose is an aldehyde sugar

Question 26

How many chiral centers are there in CH₃CHClCH₂CH₂CHBrCH₃?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 27

Consider the following types of compounds: (i)amino acid
(ii)nitrogen-containing organic base
(iii)phosphoric acid
(iv)five-carbon sugar
From which of the above compounds are the monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides, formed?

A)none
B)(i)and (ii)
C)(ii)and (iv)
D)(ii), (iii), and (iv)
E)all

Question 28

The double helix of DNA is stabilized mainly by ________.

A)ionic bonds
B)covalent bonds
C)ion-dipole bonds
D)ester bonds
E)hydrogen bonds

Question 29

Which one of the following is a monosaccharide?

A)fructose
B)lactose
C)sucrose
D)maltose
E)none of the above

Question 30

Which structure below represents an ether?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 31

Which structure below is not correctly drawn?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 32

Which of the following contains a peptide linkage?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of the above

Question 33

Which structure below represents an aldehyde?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 34

Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called ________.

A)alkenes
B)alkynes
C)aromatics
D)alkanes
E)ketones

Question 35

What general class of compounds is also known as olefins?

A)alkenes
B)alkynes
C)aromatics
D)alkanes
E)ketones

Question 36

Sugars are examples of what type of molecule?

A)proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)nucleic acids
D)amino acids
E)salts

Question 37

Which amino acid is not chiral?

A)leucine
B)isoleucine
C)glycine
D)alanine
E)threonine

Question 38

Which structure below represents an amine?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 39

Hybridization of the carbon atom indicated by (*)in CH₃-^*CH₂-CH₃, ^*CH₂ CH₂, and CH₃-^*C≡CH is ________, ________, and ________, respectively.

A)sp³, sp², sp
B)sp³, sp, sp²
C)sp, sp², sp³
D)sp, sp³, sp²
E)sp², sp³, sp

Question 40

The basic building block of nucleic acids is the ________.

A)nucleoside
B)nucleotide
C)ester linkage
D)nitrogen base
E)phosphoric acid

Question 41

The compound below is an ________.

A)alkyne
B)alkene
C)alkane
D)aromatic compound
E)olefin

Question 42

The minimum number of carbons necessary for a hydrocarbon to form a branched structure is ________.

A)4
B)6
C)3
D)9
E)12

Question 43

How many structural isomers of heptane exist?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
E)9

Question 44

The simplest alkyne is ________.

A)ethylene
B)ethane
C)acetylene
D)propyne
E)benzene

Question 45

Gasoline and water do not mix because gasoline is ________.

A)less dense than water
B)less viscous than water
C)nonpolar and water is polar
D)volatile and water is not
E)polar and water is nonpolar

Question 46

Cyclohexane has ________ fewer hydrogens than n-hexane.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 47

Isooctane is assigned an octane number of 100, whereas ________ is assigned an octane number of 0.

A)methane
B)propane
C)benzene
D)heptane
E)nitrous oxide

Question 48

Hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple bonds are called ________.

A)alkanes
B)aromatic hydrocarbons
C)alkynes
D)alkenes
E)olefins

Question 49

Alkenes always contain a ________.

A)C C bond
B)C≡C bond
C)C-C bond
D)C H bond
E)C≡H bond

Question 50

The octane number of straight-run gasoline is about ________.

A)0
B)25
C)50
D)75
E)93

Question 51

What is the name of the compound below?

A)2,4-methylbutene
B)2,5-dimethylpentane
C)2,4-ethylbutene
D)2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene
E)2,4-dimethyl-4-pentene

Question 52

The molecular geometry of each carbon atom in an alkane is ________.

A)octahedral
B)square planar
C)trigonal planar
D)tetrahedral
E)trigonal pyramidal

Question 53

Alkynes always contain a ________.

A)C C bond
B)C≡C bond
C)C-C bond
D)C H bond
E)C≡H bond

Question 54

________ could be the formula of an alkene.

A)C₃H₈
B)C₃H₆
C)C₆H₆
D)C₁₇H₃₆
E)CH₈

Question 55

The general formula of an alkane is ________.

A)C_2nH_2n+2
B)C_nH_2n
C)C_nH_2n+2
D)C_nH_2n-2
E)C_nH_n

Question 56

In general, ________ are the most reactive hydrocarbons.

A)alkenes
B)alkynes
C)alkanes
D)cycloalkanes
E)olefins

Question 57

Alkanes with ________ to ________ carbons are found in straight-run gasoline.

A)2, 3
B)5, 12
C)1, 5
D)9, 15
E)20, 60

Question 58

Alkenes have the general formula ________.

A)C_nH_2n
B)C_nH_2n-2
C)C_nH_2n+2
D)C_nH_n
E)C_2nH_n

Question 59

The name of CH₃-CH C CH-CH-CH CH-CH₃ is ________.

A)2, 3, 5 - octatriene
B)2, 5, 6 - octatriene
C)2, 3, 6 - octatriene
D)3, 5, 6 - octatriene
E)3, 4, 7 - octatriene

Question 60

The melting and boiling points of hydrocarbons are determined by ________.

A)ion-dipole attraction
B)dipole-dipole attraction
C)London forces
D)hydrogen bonding
E)ionic bonding

Question 61

Optically active molecules that are mirror images of each other are called ________.

A)allotropes
B)geometrical isomers
C)enantiomers
D)cofactors
E)chiral compounds

Question 62

The general formula for an ether is ________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 63

The compound below is a(n)________.

A)carboxylic acid
B)ketone
C)aldehyde
D)ester
E)amine

Question 64

is called a(n)________.

A)amine
B)amide
C)ketone
D)aldehyde
E)ester

Question 65

________ acts as a kind of energy bank in the body, and is found concentrated in muscles and liver.

A)Lactose
B)Starch
C)Cellulose
D)Glycogen
E)Sucrose

Question 66

Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are made of repeating units of ________.

A)lactose
B)glucose
C)fructose
D)sucrose
E)amino acids

Question 67

The hybridization of the central carbon atom in an aldehyde is ________.

A)sp
B)sp³
C)sp²
D)d²sp³
E)sp⁴

Question 68

How many hydroxyl groups are in a glycerol molecule?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 69

Which one of the following could be a cyclic alkane?

A)C₅H₁₀
B)C₆H₅
C)C₃H₅
D)C₂H₆
E)C₁₀H₂₂

Question 70

The general formula of a carboxylic acid is ________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 71

The secondary structure of a protein is the result of ________ bonding.

A)covalent
B)peptide
C)ionic
D)hydrogen
E)none of the above

Question 72

Which one of the following could be a straight-chain alkane?

A)C₉H₂₀
B)C₃H₃
C)C₄H₆
D)C₅H₄
E)C₃H₆

Question 73

Ethers can be made by condensation of two ________ molecules by splitting out a molecule of water.

A)alkyne
B)alcohol
C)ketone
D)aldehyde
E)olefin

Question 74

What forces hold the strands of DNA together?

A)covalent bonds
B)hydrogen bonding
C)ion-dipole attraction
D)coordinate covalent bonds

Question 75

The general formula of an aldehyde is ________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 76

The addition of HBr to 2-butene produces ________.

A)1-bromobutane
B)2-bromobutane
C)1,2-dibromobutane
D)2,3-dibromobutane
E)no reaction

Question 77

Aromatic hydrocarbons ________.

A)readily undergo addition reactions like alkenes
B)contain a series of π bonds on several consecutive carbon atoms
C)undergo substitution reactions more easily than saturated hydrocarbons
D)have sp³ hybridized carbon atoms

Question 78

Which one of the following could be a straight-chain alkene?

A)C₄H₈
B)C₅H₅
C)C₇H₉
D)C₃H₈
E)C₁₀H₂₂

Question 79

How many chiral atoms does the open-chain form of glucose have?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 80

The general formula of an ester is ________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)