Deck 10: Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

Which variable will determine the coat color in Himalayan rabbits?

A) the genetics will determine it 100%
B) the environment will determine it 100%
C) both the genetics and environment will determine the coat color
D) neither the environment or genes will play a role in determining coat color

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Alleles are

A) dominant traits.
B) recessive traits.
C) 2 versions of the same trait.
D) alternate versions of the same trait.
E) exact copies of the same trait.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Sickle cell disease is caused by a single mutation in the DNA of a particular gene.A person with this disease has red blood cells that lose their original donut shape and form a sickle shape.People with this disorder suffer from low energy levels,blood clots,and strokes.This is an example of

A) a multifactorial trait.
B) polygenic inheritance.
C) pleiotropy.
D) codominance.
E) incomplete dominance.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In a monohybrid cross,how many traits are examined?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 5

Referring to the figure shown here,which of the following are homologous chromosomes?

A) Figure B with one chromosome having both capital and lowercase letters.
B) Figure B as is.
C) Figure A with different letters on one of the chromosomes.
D) Figure A with the same letters but the order randomized.
E) Figure B with different letters on each chromosome.

Question 6

The garden pea was a good model for Mendel's genetics experiments.Which of the following is NOT true regarding this model organism?

A) The plants were easy to grow.
B) Pea plants can either cross-pollinate or self-pollinate.
C) There was only one variety of pea available to Mendel.
D) The plants had several traits that were easily identified.
E) Most of the traits studied had no intermediate stage.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the law of segregation?

A) Each individual has 2 factors for each trait.
B) Genes segregate during gamete formation.
C) Gametes contain only 1 gene from each pair.
D) During fertilization, each new individual obtains 2 genes for each trait.
E) Each gamete contains 2 genes for each trait.

Question 8

Skin color is coded for by several different genes which results in a range of skin colors from very dark to very light.This is an example of

A) a multifactorial trait.
B) polygenic inheritance.
C) pleiotropy.
D) codominance.
E) incomplete dominance.

Question 9

If an individual expresses a dominant disease,which of the following is true?

A) All of his children will always inherit the disease.
B) He will pass this disease to all of his daughters.
C) There is at least a 50% probability that his children will inherit the disease.
D) There is a 100% possibility that his sons will inherit this disease.
E) None of his children will inherit the disease unless his wife also has the disease.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about an individual with the chromosomes shown in this figure?

A) All offspring will have the dominant phenotype for each trait.
B) All offspring will have the recessive phenotype for each trait.
C) A maximum of four different gametes are possible with four traits.
D) The individual is heterozygous for all traits.
E) The individual is homozygous for at least one trait.

Question 11

The filled-in squares of a Punnett square represent

A) the numbers of individuals with each version of a trait.
B) all possible combinations of gametes based on a cross between the two parents.
C) an exact ratio that must always occur when the same parents have 4 offspring.
D) examples of some of the offspring that can arise from a one-trait cross.
E) the gametes from one parent.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a correct match?

A) pollen - male
B) stigma - female
C) anther - female
D) ovule - female
E) ovary - female

Question 13

If both parents express a particular trait,but their child does not,what does this indicate about the trait?

A) The trait is an autosomal dominant trait.
B) The trait is an autosomal recessive trait.
C) The trait is sex-linked recessive.
D) The trait is sex-linked dominant.
E) This is a lethal trait.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?

A) AAGg
B) freckles
C) AA
D) Ag
E) Gg

Question 15

In a one-trait test cross,the phenotype that disappears in the F1 generation is the

A) dominant trait.
B) negative trait.
C) recessive trait.
D) heterozygote.
E) homozygote.

Question 16

What does true-breeding mean?

A) The organism has 2 parents.
B) The organism can be cross-pollinated.
C) The organism is self-pollinated.
D) The organism is easy to cultivate.
E) The organism cannot be cultivated.

Question 17

If a heterozygous dominant tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant,what is the expected phenotypic ratio of tall:short plants?

A) 1:1
B) 1:2
C) 3:1
D) all tall
E) all short

Question 18

If a true-breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a tall pea plant of unknown parentage.Which of the following is correct?

A) All of the offspring (F1) will be short.
B) Over several generations, no short individuals will appear.
C) Some short individuals may appear in the F2 generation.
D) It is impossible to determine based on the information provided.
E) Some of the F1 generation will be short.

Question 19

Parents with the dominant phenotype cannot have offspring with the recessive phenotype.

A) True, because the dominant gene must be passed down from each parent.
B) True, because at least one dominant gene will be passed down from each parent.
C) False, because one parent could carry the recessive allele.
D) False, because both parents could carry the recessive allele.
E) True, because both parents have the dominant allele.

Question 20

A couple has three children,two of which have blonde hair.The third child and both parents have dark hair.What can be determined about the gene for hair color in this family?

A) It is an autosomal recessive trait.
B) It is an autosomal dominant trait.
C) It is a sex-linked dominant trait.
D) It is a sex-linked recessive trait.
E) It conveys a lethal mutation.

Question 21

How many different gametes can be produced from the genotype AaBBDDEeff?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8
E) 16

Question 22

If a homozygous black bull is mated with a homozygous white cow and the calf is gray,this would be an example of ___________.However,if the calf has black and white spots this would be an example of

A) incomplete dominance; a sex-linked trait.
B) complete dominance; polygenic trait.
C) codominance; homology.
D) incomplete dominance; codominance.
E) a sex-linked trait; a recessive trait.

Question 23

Martha has widow's peak and attached earlobes.Martha's dad had a straight hairline and unattached earlobes.If Martha marries a man that is heterozygous for both traits,what is the probability that they will have a child with a widow's peak and attached earlobes?

A) 1/16
B) 1/8
C) 1/4
D) 1/2
E) 3/4

Question 24

The outcome of a genetic cross involving eye color and body type is predicted to have a 25%: 25%: 25%: 25% ratio.When bred the organisms produced offspring with the following ratio 45%: 45%: 3%: 3%.These results are most likely due to:

A) the two genes in question being linked on the same chromosome
B) a spontaneous mutation within the offspring
C) pure chance
D) an innacurate prediction for the 25%: 25%: 25%: 25% ratio
E) the two genes being on separate chromosomes

Question 25

Alleles that are linked on the same chromosome will assort independently during Meiosis.

Question 26

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

A) physical expression of a trait - phenotype
B) allele that masks expression of alternate allele - dominant
C) identical alleles - homologous
D) allele whose expression can be masked by an alternate allele - recessive
E) the specific alleles that an individual has - genotype

Question 27

A long-winged Drosophila female with a gray body mates with a black,short-winged male fly.The phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 1:1:1:1.What is the genotype of the female fly?

A) LlGg
B) LLGG
C) llgg
D) LLgg
E) llGG

Question 28

A cow with black and white patches is produced from a white bull and a black cow.This is an example of

A) incomplete dominance.
B) codominance.
C) dominance/recessive trait.
D) polygenic.
E) pleiotropy.

Question 29

Morgan buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the albino allele.What is the most effective way for Morgan verify this statement?

A) Breed the snake with a heterozygous female.
B) Breed the snake with a homozygous normal female.
C) Breed the snake with a female sibling.
D) Breed the snake with a homozygous recessive albino female.
E) He can breed the snake with any female and a portion of the offspring will always be albino.

Question 30

Morgan breeds and sells snakes.He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes.Albinism is a recessive trait.His female albino corn snake just produced six offspring.Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino.What do you know about the genotype of the father?

A) He must be homozygous dominant.
B) He must be heterozygous.
C) He must be homozygous recessive.
D) He could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.
E) There is not enough information to determine the father's genotype.

Question 31

Morgan breeds and sells snakes.He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes.Albinism is a recessive trait.His female albino corn snake just produced six offspring.Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino.What is the chance that another offspring produced by the same parents will be albino?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 32

What are all possible gametes that can be produced by an individual with the following genotype,FFGg?

A) Fg, FG
B) FF
C) Fg
D) FG, Fg, fG, fg
E) Fg, fG

Question 33

A heterozygote for a trait exhibiting incomplete dominance will

A) express the dominant trait.
B) express the recessive trait.
C) exhibit an intermediate phenotype.
D) express both alleles.
E) exhibit an intermediate genotype.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a correct match?

A) physical expression of a trait - phenotype
B) allele that masks the expression of an alternate allele - dominant
C) identical alleles - heterozygous
D) allele whose expression can be masked by an alternate allele - recessive
E) the specific alleles that an individual has - genotype

Question 35

In a dihybrid cross where both parents are heterozygous,the phenotypic ratio is

A) 1:2:1.
B) 9:3:3:1.
C) 1:1:1.
D) 3:1.
E) 1:1:1:1.

Question 36

Martha has a widow's peak and attached earlobes.Martha's dad had a straight hairline and unattached earlobes.What is Martha's genotype?

A) WWEE
B) WwEE
C) wwee
D) WwEe
E) Wwee

Question 37

If the parental genotype is EeWw what are the potential allele combinations that could occur at the end of Meiosis?

A) EW, Ew, eW, and ew
B) EW, EE, eW, and ww
C) WW, Ew, EW, and ew
D) EE, WW, ee, and ww
E) EW, Ew, ee and ww

Question 38

Morgan buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the albino allele.Morgan mates the snake with an albino female and four normally pigmented offspring are produced.Morgan rushes back to the snake dealer and demands his money back stating that the male he bought is not heterozygous for the albino allele because all of its offspring had normal pigmentation.

A) True because according to the laws of probability, at least one of the offspring should have been an albino.
B) True because 50% of all offspring produced must be albino.
C) False because for each offspring there is a 50% chance that it will have normal pigmentation.
D) False because a heterozygous male will only pass the dominant allele to its offspring.
E) True because if at least one parent is homozygous recessive, at least one of their offspring must also show the recessive trait.

Question 39

Morgan breeds and sells snakes.He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes.Albinism is a recessive trait.His female albino corn snake just produced six offspring.Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino.What do you know about the genotype of the baby snakes with the normal coloration?

A) They must be homozygous dominant.
B) They must be homozygous recessive.
C) They must be heterozygous.
D) They could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.
E) There is not enough information to determine their genotype but we know that they must carry the dominant allele.

Question 40

During meiosis,each pair of alleles on the homologous chromosomes sorts independently from all other pairs of alleles.This statement corresponds to

A) the rule of multiplication.
B) the law of segregation.
C) the law of probability.
D) gene theory.
E) the law of independent assortment.

Question 41

A red-eyed male Drosophila mates with a red-eyed female Drosophila.One of the female's parents had white eyes.What proportion of the male offspring will have white eyes?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 42

Alleles A,B,and C are found on the same chromosome with alleles a,b,and c on the homologous chromosome.If alleles A and C on one homologous chromosome,and a and c on the other homologous chromosome are typically inherited together,this suggests that

A)A and C alleles are closer together than the a and c alleles.
B)the order of the alleles on one homologous chromosome is A,B,C.
C)alleles a and c are closer together than alleles c and b.
D)a recombinant gamete would contain alleles A,B,and C.
E)crossing over often occurs between sister chromatids.

Question 43

A homozygous red-eyed female Drosophila mates with a red-eyed male Drosophila.What proportion of the female offspring will have white eyes?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 44

Red-green colorblindness is a recessive X-linked trait.If a female is red-green colorblind,which of the following is TRUE?

A) Her mother must be colorblind.
B) Both her parents must be colorblind.
C) Both her parents are carriers of the recessive allele.
D) Her father must be colorblind.
E) Women cannot exhibit red-green colorblindness because they have two X chromosomes.

Question 45

Which is NOT true according to Mendel's law and meiosis?

A) One factor must be dominant and one factor recessive in each individual.
B) Each individual contains two factors for each trait.
C) Factors separate from each other during gamete formation.
D) Each gamete contains one copy of each factor.
E) Fertilization restores the presence of two factors.

Question 46

The allele for white eyes is located at loci 12 while the allele for hairy body is located at loci 16 on one chromosome.The allele for red eyes is located at loci 15 while the allele for normal body is located at loci 17 on a second chromosome.Which allele combination has the greater map distance?

A) white eyes and hairy body
B) white eyes and normal body
C) red eyes and normal body
D) red eyes and hairy body
E) white eyes and red eyes

Question 47

A woman with Type AB blood marries a man with Type B blood.If they have children,what are all the possible blood types for these individuals?

A) AB only
B) AB, AA, AO, and BO
C) AB, BB, AO, and BO
D) BB only
E) AA, BB, and AB

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT true about blood types?

A) I^A represents antigen A on red blood cells.
B) A person with AB blood has two different antigens on his red blood cells.
C) The allele representing blood type O is recessive.
D) This is an example of a multiple allele trait and an individual can have up to 3 different alleles.
E) Blood types exhibit codominance and are also an example of a multiple allele trait.

Question 49

A man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B can have a baby with blood type O blood.

A) True, because A and B are the dominant blood types and both individuals could carry a type O allele.
B) False, the child must have type AB blood.
C) True, because A and B are codominant.
D) False, because Type A and B are dominant blood types and these individuals cannot have an offspring with the recessive blood type.
E) True, because only 1 O allele is needed.

Question 50

Red-green colorblindness is a recessive X-linked trait.If a female is red-green colorblind,which of the following is TRUE?

A) Her mother must be colorblind.
B) Both her parents must be colorblind.
C) Both her parents are carriers of the recessive allele.
D) Her father must be colorblind.
E) Women cannot exhibit red-green colorblindness because they have two X chromosomes.

Question 51

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) Females can be heterozygous for sex-linked traits.
B) All traits on the sex chromosomes are associated with sexual development.
C) Males are heterozygous for the SRY gene.
D) The X and Y chromosomes are homologous.
E) Men pass their X-linked traits to their sons.

Question 52

Linked genes

A) always assort independently.
B) undergo crossing over of sister chromatids at a high rate.
C) are found on homologous chromosomes.
D) never cross over during prophase I.
E) tend to be close together on a single chromosome.

Question 53

Ryan has type A blood and is color-blind (an X-linked recessive trait).Which of the following combinations are possible for his parents?

A) 1, 2, and 3
B) 1 and 2
C) 1, 3, and 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
E) 1, 3, 4, and 5

Question 54

A male is always homozygous for a trait that is

A) codominant.
B) X-linked.
C) autosomal.
D) dominant.
E) dihybrid.

Question 55

Both parents are heterozygous for Tay-Sachs disease (an autosomal recessive disorder).Three children in a row were born with Tay-Sachs disease.What is the chance that a fourth child will have Tay-Sachs disease?

A) 25%
B) 0%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 56

Vitamin-D resistant rickets is a sex-linked dominant trait,which leads to softening of the bones which can cause fractures and deformities.Rickets is often due to a deficiency of vitamin D,however,with vitamin-D resistant rickets,ingestion of vitamin D is ineffective.Maria's mother is normal and does not display any symptoms of this disease; however,Maria's father has the disease.Maria marries a man that does not have the disease.What is the probability that they will have a son that has the disease?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 57

The distance between the alleles for one trait and the alleles for a second trait is called the

A) map units.
B) gap distance.
C) dominant distance.
D) gene locus.
E) gaps.

Question 58

Vitamin-D resistant rickets is a sex-linked dominant trait,which leads to softening of the bones which can cause fractures and deformities.Rickets is often due to a deficiency of vitamin D,however,with vitamin-D resistant rickets,ingestion of vitamin D is ineffective.Maria's mother is normal and does not display any symptoms of this disease; however,Maria's father has the disease.Maria marries a man that does not have the disease.What is the probability that they will have a daughter that has the disease?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 59

A blue-eyed,left-handed woman marries a brown-eyed,right-handed man who is heterozygous for both of his traits.If blue eyes and left-handedness are recessive,how many different phenotypes are possible in their children?

A) four
B) three
C) two
D) one
E) five

Question 60

Amy has wavy hair and 6 fingers (an autosomal dominant trait).Which of the following combinations are possible for her parents?

A) 5 only
B) 1 and 2
C) 1, 3, and 4
D) 2, 4, and 5
E) 2 and 4

Question 61

Which feature is found among an autosomal recessive pedigree?

A) Heterozygotes have a normal phenotype.
B) Affected children will have at least one affected parent.
C) Heterozygotes are affected.
D) Both males and females are affected with equal frequency.
E) The trait is carried on the Y chromosome.

Question 62

Which of the following is a sex-linked recessive disorder?

A) color blindness
B) Marfan syndrome
C) sickle-cell disease
D) cystic fibrosis
E) alkaptonuria

Question 63

What type of disorder is hemophilia classified as?

A) sex-linked recessive
B) sex-linked dominant
C) co-dominance
D) polygenic
E) pleiotropic

Question 64

Cold weather can change what aspect of a Himalayan rabbit?

A) phenotype
B) genotype
C) alleles
D) sex
E) rate of genetic mutations

Question 65

What type of disorder is muscular dystrophy classified as?

A) sex-linked recessive
B) sex-linked dominant
C) codominance
D) pleiotropic
E) polygenic inheritance

Question 66

Which of the following is an autosomal dominant disorder?

A) Huntington's disease
B) Sickle-cell disease
C) Alkaptonuria
D) Cystic fibrosis
E) Methemoglobinemia

Question 67

Hydrangeas are a flowering plant with large showy blooms.When a plant is grown in aluminum rich soil it has blue flowers; if the same plant is transplanted into soil that is lacking aluminum the flowers produced will be pink.This is an example of

A) environmental effects
B) codominance
C) incomplete dominance
D) polygenetic inheritance
E) monohybrid inheritance

Question 68

Which genetic disorder is associated with an irregular shape of the red blood cells?

A) Sickle cell disease
B) Marfan syndrome
C) Huntington disease
D) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
E) Cystic fibrosis (CF)

Question 69

What genetic disorder is associated with the lack of an enzyme necessary for the normal metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine?

A) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
B) Marfan syndrome
C) Huntington disease
D) Sickle cell disease
E) Cystic fibrosis (CF)

Question 70

Unattached earlobes (EE or Ee)are dominant over attached earlobes (ee).A couple both have unattached earlobes.Both notice that one of their parents on both sides have attached earlobes (ee).Therefore,they correctly assume that they are carriers for attached earlobes (Ee).If the couple proceeds to have four children,then

A) they can be certain that three will be heterozygous and one homozygous recessive.
B) if the first three are heterozygous, the fourth must be homozygous recessive.
C) the children must repeat the grandparents' genotype (Ee).
D) all children must have unattached earlobes since both parents possess the dominant gene for it.
E) two heterozygous, one homozygous dominant, and one homozygous recessive is a likely outcome, but all heterozygous, or two, three or all four homozygous is also possible.

Question 71

Traits that are controlled by several sets or pairs of alleles,such as skin color and height in humans,are the result of what form of inheritance?

A) polygenic
B) incomplete dominance
C) multiple allele systems
D) simple Mendelian inheritance
E) codominance