Deck 9: Understanding Interpersonal Relationships

Question 1

Ultimately, what seems to make relationships the most intimate is

A)physical attraction.
B)our ability to be ourselves with the other person.
C)sexual affinity.
D)choice.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The level of liking or positive feelings that motivate us to escalate a relationship is called

A)interpersonal intimacy.
B)predicted outcome value.
C)short-term initial attraction.
D)long-term maintenance attraction.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

An ongoing connection means that

A)interpersonal relationships are transactional.
B)interpersonal intimacy grows.
C)the interpersonal relationship is a dynamic, constantly changing, and evolving process.
D)interpersonal intimacy decreases.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is most likely an example of a relationship of choice?

A)coworkers
B)classmates
C)teammate
D)counselor

Question 5

The degree to which a person's sense of self is accepted and confirmed by another person in a relationship is

A)an ongoing connection.
B)a relational expectation.
C)a shared perception.
D)interpersonal intimacy.

Question 6

Having a/an ________ means interpersonal relationships are transactional.

A)ongoing connection
B)shared perception
C)relational expectation
D)interpersonal intimacy

Question 7

When you invite another person to have lunch, call the person on the phone, and make an effort to be with that person, you are experiencing

A)a relationship de-escalation.
B)a relationship of circumstance.
C)a synchronized relationship.
D)a relationship of choice.

Question 8

Short-term initial attraction is best defined as

A)the coming into being of something.
B)the degree to which you are motivated to form or maintain an interpersonal relationship.
C)the degree to which you sense a potential for an interpersonal relationship.
D)a relationship of choice.

Question 9

Connections we make with other people as a result of our interpersonal communication with them are

A)intrapersonal relationships.
B)relationships of circumstance.
C)relationships of choice.
D)interpersonal relationships.

Question 10

A relationship of choice is

A)formed as a result of interpersonally communicating with others.
B)formed because our lives overlap with others' in some way.
C)formed because we seek out and intentionally develop the relationship .
D)formed when relationships de-escalate.

Question 11

Each of the following statements about the relationship between intimacy and self-concept is true EXCEPT:

A)The less intimate a relationship, the more we depend upon others for acceptance and confirmation of our self-image.
B)We depend on intimate relationships to provide us with information about ourselves.
C)Research confirms that having strong social support networks is related to subjective well-being.
D)During periods when we may not have very intimate relationships, it is sometimes hard to maintain a strong positive self-image.

Question 12

We use ________ to assess the potential of a relationship to meet our need for self image confirmation in comparison with the potential costs.

A)predicted outcome value
B)short-term initial attraction
C)long-term maintenance attraction
D)interpersonal intimacy

Question 13

The theory that we assess the potential for any given relationship to meet our need for self-image confirmation against the potential costs is called

A)predicted outcome value.
B)short-term initial attraction.
C)long-term maintenance attraction.
D)interpersonal intimacy.

Question 14

Sun thought about how rewarding her relationship with Tran was and whether or not she could handle his workaholic tendencies that kept him at work for 12 hours a day. This is called

A)short-term initial attraction.
B)predicted outcome value.
C)relationship of choice.
D)relational expectations.

Question 15

When you are assigned a roommate in the dorm, you are initially experiencing

A)a relational de-escalation.
B)a relationship of choice.
C)a relationship of circumstance.
D)a relational escalation.

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely an example of a relationship of circumstance?

A)your lover
B)your friend
C)your physician
D)your classmate

Question 17

You are introduced to someone at a party, and you sense you have a lot in common.This demonstrates __________.

A)short -term initial attraction
B)long-term maintenance attraction
C)predicted outcome value
D)interpersonal intimacy

Question 18

A relationship of circumstance is

A)formed as a result of interpersonally communicating with others.
B)formed because our lives overlap with others' in some way.
C)formed because we intentionally develop the relationship.
D)formed when two people coordinate their interaction.

Question 19

An interpersonal relationship is

A)those connections we make with other people through interpersonal communication.
B)a connection we establish when we communicate with another person.
C)our shared perception of another person.
D)the expectations we bring to a relationship.

Question 20

Predicted Outcome Value theory claims that

A)we are most attracted to those relationships that potentially have greater rewards or benefits than costs.
B)we are attracted to people whose personality, values, attitudes, and interests are similar to ours.
C)we are attracted to those whose needs complement our own.
D)we are most attracted to those people about whom we have the most information.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about physical attractiveness?

A)Positive social interactions increase our estimation of other's physical attractiveness.
B)Physical appearance is not a strong factor for long-term maintenance attraction.
C)Physical appearance is a form of non-verbal communication.
D)Physical appearance is a strong factor for long-term maintenance attraction.

Question 22

Which element of interpersonal attraction is most important for initial attraction than for maintenance attraction?

A)reciprocation of liking
B)relationship potential
C)physical attraction
D)similarity

Question 23

We like people who like us. This is called ________.

A)similarity.
B)reciprocation of liking.
C)short-term initial attraction.
D)POV

Question 24

The adage "opposites attract" indicates our attraction to someone with

A)complementary needs.
B)relationship potential.
C)reciprocation of liking.
D)charisma

Question 25

In terms of power, a relationship is complementary when

A)both partners want power in the relationship.
B)power shifts from one partner to the other.
C)one partner willingly hands over power to the other.
D)neither partner is willing to assume responsibility for power.

Question 26

In a/an ________ relationship, one partner has a greater need for the other to meet his or her needs.

A)dependent
B)interdependent
C)symmetric
D)complementary

Question 27

The non-verbal cues that allow us to assess relationship potential are

A)POV.
B)short term initial attraction.
C)physical appearance.
D)proximity.

Question 28

When one partner in a relationship has more power than the other, the relationship is

A)parallel.
B)complementary.
C)symmetrical.
D)equal.

Question 29

According to the complementary needs element of interpersonal attraction, if you have a high need to control and make decisions and little respect for other's decision making, you will be more compatible

A)with someone who needs to take control.
B)with someone who wants others to make decisions for him or her.
C)with someone who has similar needs to your needs.
D)with someone who needs to take responsibility.

Question 30

If people are ________ they display a blend of enthusiasm, trustworthiness, competence, and power.

A)physically attractive
B)knowledgeable
C)similar
D)credible

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a principle of interpersonal power?

A)Power exists in all relationships.
B)Both partners in a relationship have some degree of power.
C)Power is circumstantial.
D)Power is always unbalanced in a relationship.

Question 32

What accounts for the friendships of randomly selected roommates is

A)proximity.
B)similarity.
C)complementary needs.
D)physical appearance.

Question 33

Steven and Sean have been friends for a long time, but it is clear than Steven likes to be in charge and Sean prefers to go along.Which of the following factors is at work?

A)complementary needs
B)similarities
C)self disclosure and reciprocation of liking
D)credibility, competence, and intelligence

Question 34

The ability to get another person to do what you want is

A)interpersonal power.
B)interpersonal intimacy.
C)interpersonal communication.
D)interpersonal trust.

Question 35

Relational stability occurs when

A)one partner becomes submissive.
B)one partner becomes dominant.
C)partners reach an agreement about power in the relationship.
D)the power has been removed from the relationship.

Question 36

What two factors affect short-term initial attraction?

A)physical appearance and smell
B)proximity and smell
C)proximity and physical appearance
D)physical appearance and mental acuity

Question 37

In a/an ________ relationship, each partner has a similar amount of power over the other.

A)dependent
B)interdependent
C)symmetric
D)complementary

Question 38

Attitude similarity is

A)more important in short-term initial attraction than long-term maintenance attraction.
B)more important in long-term maintenance attraction than short-term initial attraction.
C)crucial for reciprocation of liking.
D)important for proximity.

Question 39

________ is the quality that promotes attraction because of being in a position to communicate easily.

A)POV
B)Proximity
C)Short-term initial attraction
D)Physical appearance

Question 40

Regardless of the type of relationship, ________ and ________ were among the most desirable qualities in a partner.

A)expressiveness , openness
B)physical appearance, openness
C)proximity, physical appearance
D)reciprocation of liking, physical appearance

Question 41

The type of power which is typically not a part of an interpersonal relationship is

A)legitimate power.
B)referent power.
C)expert power.
D)coercive power.

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about relationships among retired couples?

A)Couples report better relationships when they are both retired.
B)Men who contributed less than 50% of the household income rated their relationships higher than those who contributed 75% or more.
C)Men who contributed more than 75% of the household income rated their relationships higher than those who contributed 50% or less.
D)Couples who have adult children living at home rated their relationships lower.

Question 43

Legitimate power is based on

A)interpersonal attraction.
B)appointment or election to a position.
C)knowledge and skill in a particular area.
D)the ability to punish.

Question 44

Shawn prefers to make all the decisions for the family, but this often causes conflicts with Shera who also prefers to make all the decisions for the family.This is a ________ relationship.

A)complementary
B)competitive symmetric
C)submissive symmetric
D)symmetric

Question 45

A relationship in which both partners want to dominate the other person is called

A)symmetric.
B)complementary.
C)competitive symmetric.
D)submissive symmetric.

Question 46

Referent power is based on

A)expertise in a specific area.
B)ability to reward.
C)interpersonal attraction.
D)ability to punish.

Question 47

In terms of power, a relationship is parallel when

A)power continually shifts from one partner to the other.
B)one partner has more power than the other.
C)neither partner has power.
D)both partners want power equally.

Question 48

When a police officer tells you to pull off to the side of the road, you respond to this enactment of power by obeying the officer's command.The police officer holds

A)coercive power.
B)referent power.
C)legitimate power.
D)expert power.

Question 49

In terms of power, a symmetrical relationship is one in which

A)one partner has more power than the other.
B)power is continually shifting back and forth between partners.
C)both partners want to make the decisions.
D)neither partner has power.

Question 50

An interpersonal relationship in which both partners behave in similar ways, sometimes both want to dominate and sometimes both want to submit, is

A)symmetric
B)complementary
C)synchronized
D)parallel

Question 51

Francois and Pierre are brothers who are constantly challenging one another.When deciding what to play, how to play, or when to play, they both believe the other should defer to his judgment.What kind of relationship do they most likely have?

A)competitive symmetric
B)parallel
C)symmetric
D)complementary

Question 52

People who give us things we desire hold which type of power?

A)legitimate
B)reward
C)expert
D)coercive

Question 53

Neither Rena nor her partner enjoys making decisions and both avoid doing so whenever possible. This is a ________ relationship.

A)submissive symmetric
B)competitive symmetric
C)complementary
D)symmetric

Question 54

When the decision about where to eat is in question, John usually defers to Phil.On the other hand, when it comes to which movie to see, Phil usually makes the decision.John and Phil's friendship seems to work that way in general.John is the expert and in charge of some things and Phil in others.Which of the following best characterizes John and Phil's friendship?

A)parallel
B)submissive symmetric
C)complementary
D)symmetric

Question 55

When people are attracted to us, the resulting power and influence we have is

A)referent power.
B)reward power.
C)legitimate power.
D)coercive power.

Question 56

When power in a relationship continually shifts from one partner to the other, the relationship is

A)symmetrical.
B)parallel.
C)complementary.
D)equal.

Question 57

If you have expert power, you have

A)been elected to a position.
B)knowledge about and experience with a specialized field.
C)influence with others through interpersonal attraction.
D)control of resources.

Question 58

A relationship in which both parties avoid dominance or decision making is called

A)symmetric.
B)complementary.
C)competitive symmetric.
D)submissive symmetric.

Question 59

When your opinion will likely prevail because of your expertise, you hold

A)expert power.
B)reward power.
C)legitimate power.
D)coercive power.

Question 60

Most relationships will be ________ relationships.

A)competitive symmetric
B)complementary
C)parallel
D)symmetric

Question 61

________ is taking action in interpersonal relationships to get other to comply with our goals.

A)Referent power
B)Compliance gaining
C)Negotiating power
D)Coercing

Question 62

In order to decide how much control another person has over you, you would usually

A)negotiate the power sharing with your partner.
B)decide who wants to take on the more submissive role.
C)decide who wants to take on the more dominant role.
D)weigh the cost of compliance against the cost of non-compliance.

Question 63

Expected costs and rewards are

A)ideals about how rewarding a relationship should be relative to its costs.
B)the total costs and rewards of a relationship at present.
C)the costs and rewards of a relationship that someone assumes will occur.
D)the total costs and rewards for the duration of the relationship.

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about how we evaluate relationships?

A)We can assess their current value.
B)We can forecast the future outlook of relationships.
C)We can evaluate relationships based on compliance gaining.
D)We can assess the cumulative costs and rewards.

Question 65

Match the definition on the left with the term on the right.

A)proximity
B)Predicted outcome value
C)long-term maintenance attraction
D)interpersonal intimacy
E)short-term initial attraction
F)not applicable
the degree to which a person's sense of self is accepted and confirmed by another person in a relationship

Question 66

Assessing needs and their fulfillment in the relationship, identifying need-based conflicts and tensions, and directly discussing power issues are all steps in

A)referent power.
B)negotiating power in interpersonal relationships.
C)compliance gaining.
D)competitive symmetric relationships.

Question 67

________ theory looks at the forces pulling us toward intimacy and those pushing us toward independence.

A)Short-term initial attraction
B)Interpersonal intimacy
C)Social exchange
D)Dialectical

Question 68

Connectedness versus autonomy, predictability versus novelty, and openness versus closedness are three aspects of

A)Short-term initial attraction
B)dialectical theory
C)social exchange theory
D)interpersonal intimacy

Question 69

In one study of married couples, what was the most common dialectical tension?

A)connectedness versus autonomy
B)predictability versus novelty
C)openess versus closedness
D)physical appearance versus proximity

Question 70

Individuals with reward power

A)have the ability to manage conflict through their ability to punish.
B)have the ability to manage conflict through their knowledge and skill.
C)have the ability to manage conflict through their interpersonal attraction.
D)have the ability to manage conflict through their resources.

Question 71

Which of the following sets of opposing forces is not included in the Dialectical theory?

A)connectedness versus autonomy.
B)connectedness versus uncertainty.
C)openness versus closedness.
D)predictability versus novelty.

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT one of the three dialectical tensions?

A)connectedness versus autonomy
B)predictability versus novelty
C)openess versus closedness
D)physical appearance versus proximity

Question 73

People who use rewards or punishments to influence outcomes have which type of power?

A)legitimate power
B)reward power
C)referent power
D)coercive power

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of negotiating power?

A)Decide who will be the dominant and who will be the submissive partner.
B)Assess needs and their fulfillment in the relationship.
C)Identify need-based conflicts and tensions.
D)Directly discuss power issues.

Question 75

Professor Washington seems to be able to get his students to do what he asks them to do because of his charm and dynamism in the classroom.Which type of power does Professor Washington seem to exhibit in this example?

A)legitimate power
B)referent power
C)expert power
D)reward power
E)coercive power

Question 76

Raymond is very good at math.Gideon needs a lot of help to get a passing grade.He approaches Raymond to ask for help.Raymond agrees to help Gideon, if Gideon will provide him transportation around town for the semester.Gideon agrees.What kind of power is the basis for Raymond's influence over Gideon?

A)legitimate power
B)referent power
C)expert power
D)reward power

Question 77

Social exchange theory claims that

A)all relationships are symmetric.
B)all relationships are doomed to failure.
C)people constantly seek to hold the most power in a relationship.
D)people seek relationships that promise the most reward for the least cost.

Question 78

Steve Duck suggests we go through a process of ________, in which a potential close friend must pass criteria at each stage of the relationship.

A)compliance gaining
B)filtering
C)self-disclosure
D)cumulative costs and rewards

Question 79

The Social Exchange theory includes all of the following descriptions EXCEPT

A)an economic model of human behaviour used to explain how people arrive at decisions.
B)states people seek the greatest amount of reward with the least amount of cost.
C)claims people make decisions on the basis of assessing and comparing the costs and rewards.
D)tension exists between our desire for predictability and our attraction to the unexpected.

Question 80

In one study, what was the most important dialectical tension?

A)connectedness versus autonomy
B)predictability versus novelty
C)openess versus closedness
D)physical appearance versus proximity