Deck 3: The Organic Molecules of Life

Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the parts of a nucleotide of RNA?

A) nitrogen-containing base, deoxyribose, phosphate
B) sulfur-containing base, ribose, phosphate
C) nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate
D) nitrogen-containing base, ribose, sulfur
E) amino acid, glycerol, nitrogen-containing base

Answer 1

C
Explanation: A nucleotide of any nucleic acid consists of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base.

Question 2

A polypeptide forms a pleated sheet or a helix as its tertiary structure.

Answer 2

False
Explanation: The secondary folding of a polypeptide produces two shapes depending on the number and type of amino acids present in the chain. They can either have a spiral shape (helix) or a folded shape (pleated sheet).

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a dehydration synthesis reaction?

A) amino acids forming proteins
B) glycogen forming glucose molecules
C) nucleotides forming DNA
D) glucose units forming starch
E) fatty acids & glycerol forming a fat

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Dehydration synthesis result in the production a molecule that is larger than its subunits. Glycogen forming glucose molecules would occur by a hydrolysis reaction.

Question 4

Digestion of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in ________.

A) two monomers
B) the release of functional groups
C) three monosaccharides
D) two glycerol units
E) two nucleotides

Question 5

Select the INCORRECT association.

A) glucose….monosaccharide
B) cellulose….building block for cell walls in plants
C) sucrose….table sugar
D) fructose….a polysaccharide
E) Starch….a long chain of glucose

Question 6

Select the INCORRECT association:

A) carbohydrates ….used by the body for energy
B) lipids….serve to insulate, protect, and store energy
C) proteins….have 3 forms: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
D) nucleic acids….include DNA and RNA which control our genetic inheritance
E) carbohydrates….include examples such as glucose, sucrose and starch

Question 7

Which of the following is in correct order from smallest to largest?

A) protein - amino acid - polypeptide
B) amino acid - polypeptide - peptide
C) peptide - polypeptide - protein
D) protein - glycerol - amino acid
E) disaccharide - polysaccharide - monosaccharide

Question 8

When starch is digested, an -OH group and an -H group from a water molecule is used in hydrolysis to split the monosaccharide subunits.

Question 9

Testosterone is a lipid-based hormone; insulin is a ______-based hormone.

A) saccharide
B) protein
C) steroid
D) carbohydrate
E) nucleic acid

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT associated with proteins?

A) made up of amino acids bonded together
B) denaturation destroys their shape and function
C) are used to produce DNA
D) are found in skin, nails and claws
E) used to produce many types of hormones

Question 11

The shape of a protein is a critical factor in its function.

Question 12

Scientists created an enzyme which will break down any type of carbohydrate. If given to humans, they could use which of the following as a new food source?

A) hemoglobin
B) glycerol
C) cellulose
D) cholesterol
E) RNA

Question 13

A gene in DNA is the code for ________.

A) a sequence of amino acids
B) a sequence of glucose molecules
C) a sequence of fatty acids used in a fat
D) a sequence of sugars
E) a sequence of functional groups

Question 14

Wood and cotton cloth are composed of ________.

A) chitin
B) cellulose
C) glycogen
D) cholesterol
E) lipid

Question 15

Atherosclerosis is associated with __________________.

A) fats with no double bonds
B) fats with double bonds
C) phospholipids
D) polyunsaturated fats
E) long protein chains

Question 16

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in ________.

A) glucose
B) enzymes
C) DNA
D) glycogen
E) protein

Question 17

Which word does NOT belong with the others?

A) muscle
B) antibodies
C) sucrose
D) enzymes
E) hair

Question 18

A fat is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by a ________.

A) hydrolysis reaction
B) dehydration reaction
C) polymeric reaction
D) digestive reaction
E) evaporation reaction

Question 19

In sickle cell disease, malformation of red blood cells is caused by only one mistake for one amino acid in the genetic code for hemoglobin.

Question 20

Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?

A) Parts X and Z are hydrophobic.
B) Parts W and Z are hydrophilic.
C) Parts X and Y are hydrophilic.
D) Parts W and Y are hydrophobic.
E) Parts W and X are hydrophilic.

Question 21

The following figure represents which process?

A) dehydration synthesis
B) denaturation
C) polyunsaturation
D) hydrolysis
E) combustion

Question 22

Which one of the following is a function of proteins?

A) energy storage
B) enzymatic activity
C) genetic coding
D) energy source
E) insulation

Question 23

In a dehydration reaction, ________. In order for this to occur water is ________.

A) monomers are joined to become a polymer; removed
B) polymers are broken up to form monomers; added
C) monomers are broken up to form polymers; added
D) polymers are joined to form monomers; removed
E) polymers are broken up to form monomers; removed

Question 24

The figure represents the formation of a _______ molecule by the process of _____________.

A) Glycogen; hydrolysis
B) DNA; dehydration synthesis
C) Protein; hydrolysis
D) Fat; dehydration synthesis
E) Polysaccharide; hydrolysis

Question 25

Glycogen is a ________ made of many __________.

A) simple sugar; amino acids
B) peptide; amino acids
C) polymer; glucose molecules
D) protein; fatty acids
E) nucleic acid; nucleotides

Question 26

Most animals are unable to break apart the bonds that hold cellulose together. How do grazing animals then gain their nutrition from eating primarily grasses?

A) Bacteria that are capable of breaking cellulose into glucose live in their digestive tracts.
B) They use photosynthesis as an alternative method of making needed glucose.
C) They consume large amounts of grain to capture the energy they need.
D) They use cellulose directly for energy.
E) They convert the grain to protein.

Question 27

When a person orders a hamburger with lettuce, tomato, and mayonnaise on it, which of the following would be a FALSE statement about the nutritional intake?

A) Amino acids can be obtained from the hamburger patty.
B) Glycogen will be obtained from the bun.
C) Fat will be consumed from the mayonnaise.
D) Cellulose will be consumed from the lettuce.
E) Carbohydrates will be obtained from the tomato

Question 28

Plants store their sugar in the form of __________.

A) protein
B) glycogen
C) cellulose
D) starch
E) glucose

Question 29

Which of the following elements would be found in a carbohydrate?

A) C, H
B) C, H, O
C) C, H, O, P
D) C, H, O, N
E) C, H, Cl, O

Question 30

Which of the following levels of a protein are susceptible to denaturation?

A) primary and secondary structures
B) secondary and tertiary structures
C) tertiary and quaternary structures
D) primary and tertiary structures
E) primary and quaternary structures

Question 31

Which of the following is not an organic molecule?

A) CaCO₃
B) C­₆H₁₂O₆
C) C₂₅₆H₃₈₁N₆₅O₇₉S₆
D) C₁₈H₃₄O₂
E) CH₄

Question 32

The principle role for sugars in living things is

A) to form cell membranes.
B) to serve as a form of energy storage.
C) to create our genetic code.
D) for creating energy.
E) to produce hormones.

Question 33

The four main categories of organic macromolecules are

A) monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, and polysaccharides.
B) proteins, DNA, waxes, and sugars.
C) carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
D) RNA, DNA, steroids, and fats.
E) lipids, starches, DNA, and protein.

Question 34

When you eat a salad, which one of the following components will pass through the body with the least digestion?

A) dressing
B) croutons
C) lettuce
D) egg
E) bacon bits

Question 35

Amino acids are seen in ______ as _______ are needed to create DNA.

A) protein; nucleotide
B) fatty acid; hydroxides
C) polysaccharide; carboxyl
D) RNA; glucose
E) fats; sugars

Question 36

Which of the following words does NOT belong with the others?

A) fats
B) steroids
C) glycogen
D) hospholipids
E) lipids

Question 37

In the diagram below, the monomer that serves as the subunit to creating this organic molecule category is called _________.

A) nucleotide
B) phosphate
C) sugar
D) base
E) glucose

Question 38

Humans store their polysaccharides in the form of ___________.

A) lactose
B) starch
C) glycogen
D) glucose
E) cellulose

Question 39

Which of the following levels of protein folding would include shapes identified as helix and pleated sheet?

A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure

Question 40

Which formula is a hydrocarbon?

A) CO­₂
B) CH₄
C) NaCl
D) CaCl₂
E) H₂O

Question 41

If a material mixes readily with water it is identified as _________.

A) dehydrated
B) hydrophobic
C) saturated
D) hydrophilic
E) salty

Question 42

The term "functional" is used in the phrase "functional group" because it describes a group of atoms

A) that are organic.
B) that make the entire molecule hydrophobic.
C) that prevent interaction with other molecules.
D) that react a certain way with other molecules.
E) that make the entire molecule hydrophilic.

Question 43

Which one of the following is NOT a potential danger of anabolic steroids?

A) can result in liver problems
B) can enhance the body's production of normal sex hormones
C) can cause mood swings and depression
D) can reduce sex drive
E) can result in heart problems

Question 44

A molecule is said to be organic if it contains ________.

A) double bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) carbon and hydrogen atoms
D) carbon and oxygen atoms
E) two or more atoms

Question 45

What does a peptide bond do?

A) joins a sodium atom to a chloride atom
B) helps hold one water molecule to an adjacent one
C) links oxygen to hydrogen atoms
D) joins an amino acid to an adjacent amino acid
E) joins nucleotide bases to one another

Question 46

The "primary structure" of a protein refers to

A) the interactions among two or more polypeptides.
B) the alpha helix or pleated sheets.
C) the side groups of the amino acids.
D) the number and sequence of amino acids.
E) the DNA nucleotide sequence that coded for it.

Question 47

Of the following, which is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share?

A) They are made of repeated monomer units.
B) They are both made from fatty acids.
C) They both contain glucose.
D) They are both long chains of repeated nucleotide units.
E) They both contain nitrogen.

Question 48

Which functional group is seen in amino acids?

A) PO₄
B) -OH
C) -NH₂
D) -C=OH
E) -C-H

Question 49

Why are saturated triglycerides considered less healthy than unsaturated ones?

A) They are solids at room temperature.
B) They possess no double bonds between carbon atoms making them more tightly packed together.
C) Individuals tend to consume more saturated fats than unsaturated fats.
D) Unsaturated fats are found in processed foods more frequently.
E) They are digested more quickly by the body.

Question 50

A starch molecule is to glucose as

A) a protein is to a polypeptide.
B) DNA is to an amino acid.
C) a lipid is to nucleic acid.
D) a protein is to an amino acid.
E) fatty acid is to a fat.

Question 51

Which of the following would probably not be affected when a protein is denatured?

A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure
E) the folded shape of the protein

Question 52

A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components?

A) a nitrogen-containing base, an amino acid, and a five-carbon sugar
B) a nitrogen-containing base, an amino acid, and a phosphate group
C) a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group, and a sugar
D) a nitrogen-containing base, a fatty acid, and an amino acid
E) a long chain of glucose units

Question 53

The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called a ________.

A) quaternary structure
B) polymer
C) monomer
D) isomer
E) chain

Question 54

How does DNA differ from RNA?

A) DNA is in plants, RNA is found in animals.
B) DNA is comprised of a double strand, RNA is a single strand.
C) DNA is made from amino acids and RNA is made from nucleotides.
D) DNA is used by all living things, RNA is used only in plants.
E) DNA is seen in animals, while RNA is seen in all living things.

Question 55

What functional group makes a carbohydrate polar?

A) -OH
B) -NH₂
C) -SH
D) -R
E) -C-H

Question 56

What category of biological molecules are steroids included in?

A) proteins
B) lipids
C) carbohydrates
D) nucleic acids

Question 57

How are lipids different than other categories or biological molecules?

A) They are not seen in all living things.
B) They do not have carbon.
C) They are much more complex.
D) They are not actually polymers.
E) They are not organic.

Question 58

A fatty acid that has at least two double bonds is called _________.

A) steroid
B) cholesterol
C) unsaturated
D) abonded
E) organic

Question 59

Which of the following would describe a polypeptide?

A) fatty acids joined to glycerol by hydrolysis reactions
B) glucose molecules joined by dehydration synthesis reactions
C) nucleotides broken by hydrolysis reactions
D) amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions
E) a repeated sequence of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 60

In which of the following is the correct monomer matched with its polymer?

A) fatty acid - DNA
B) monosaccharide - lipid
C) glycerol - carbohydrate
D) amino acid - protein
E) nucleotide - carbohydrate

Question 61

Which functional group is found in proteins and makes their three-dimensional structure more stable?

A) -OH
B) -NH₂
C) -SH
D) -COOH
E) -PO₄

Question 62

ATP is a molecule used for energy transport inside the cell the components of it are a nitrogen containing base, a pentose sugar and three phosphate groups. Given this structure it is a(n)

A) amino acid.
B) carbohydrate.
C) lipid.
D) nucleic acid.
E) protein.

Question 63

Which of the following is an organic molecule?

A) CO₂
B) H₂CO₃
C) Na₂CO₃
D) MnCO₃
E) CaCO₃

Question 64

Which functional group acts as a base when placed in solution?

A) -OH
B) -NH₂
C) -SH
D) -COOH
E) -PO₄

Question 65

Which functional group acts as an acid when placed in solution?

A) -OH
B) -NH₂
C) -SH
D) -COOH
E) -PO₄

Question 66

Which of the following is not an organic molecule?

A) C₁₂H₉SO₃H
B) C₉H₁₃NO₃
C) C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄
D) H₂NCH₂CN
E) COCl₂

Question 67

DNA functions to ________________________ while RNA's function is to_____________________.

A) Store the information to make a new organism; contain the information to make a new cell.
B) Store information to produce gametes; contain the information to make a protein.
C) Store information to produce proteins; contain the information to make a DNA.
D) Store the information to make RNA; contain the information to make a protein.
E) Store information to produce a new cell; contain the information to make a gamete.

Question 68

Which of the following is an organic molecule?

A) NaOH
B) HCl
C) CO₂
D) C₆H₁₂O₆
E) H₂O

Question 69

DNA and RNA differ in that

A) DNA is single stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is double stranded, contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil.
B) DNA is double stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is single stranded, contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil.
C) DNA is single stranded, contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is single stranded, contains sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil.
D) DNA is single stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil while RNA is double stranded, contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine.
E) DNA is double stranded, contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen containing base thymine while RNA is single stranded, contains sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen containing base uracil.

Question 70

Which nitrogen containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

A) guanine
B) thymine
C) cytosine
D) adenine
E) uracil

Question 71

Which nitrogen containing base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

A) guanine
B) thymine
C) cytosine
D) adenine
E) uracil

Question 72

In addition to carbon an organic molecule must contain

A) nitrogen
B) oxygen
C) hydrogen
D) sulfur
E) phosphorous