Deck 19: Both Water and Land: Animals

Question 1

The repetition of body parts along the length of an animal's body is termed

A) cephalization.
B) coelomization.
C) segmentation.
D) compartmentalization.
E) septation.

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Annelids, arthropods, and chordates exemplify segmentation.

Question 2

The mantle, foot, and visceral mass are all parts of a(n)

A) annelid.
B) mollusc.
C) planarian.
D) tunicate.
E) arthropod.

Answer 2

B
Explanation: These are the three main parts of the mollusc body.

Question 3

Which of these is a bivalve?

A) clam
B) octopus
C) snail
D) squid
E) conch

Answer 3

A
Explanation: The two parts of a clamshell are the valves.Learning Outcome: 19.03.02 Distinguish among the flatworms, molluscs, and annelids based on body plan.

Question 4

The luna moth (Actias luna) is a large, showy moth with lovely green wings. It has no mouth and therefore cannot eat. How is it that this species continues to exist?

A) The luna moth is chemoheterotrophic by absorption, not by ingestion.
B) The luna moth is the adult stage in the life cycle; feeding occurs during the caterpillar stage.
C) The luna moth is a rare mutant; typical moths of the species Actias luna do have mouths.
D) The luna moth is the larval stage in the life cycle; it eventually becomes a caterpillar which can feed.
E) The luna moth can use its green wings for photosynthesis.

Question 5

A(n) _____ is an individual animal that possesses both male and female sex organs.

A) cephalopod
B) acoelomate
C) deuterostome
D) larva
E) hermaphrodite

Question 6

Which of these diseases is not caused by roundworms?

A) hookworm infection
B) pinworm infection
C) trichinosis
D) schistosomiasis
E) elephantiasis

Question 7

Which of these is a cephalopod?

A) nudibranch
B) snail
C) oyster
D) squid
E) mussel

Question 8

An endoparasitic acoelomate with a body consisting of a scolex and a series of proglottids is a

A) fluke.
B) roundworm.
C) tapeworm.
D) hydra.
E) sponge.

Question 9

Animals are not

A) multicellular.
B) chemoheterotrophic by absorption.
C) motile.
D) chemoheterotrophic by ingestion.
E) eukaryotic.

Question 10

Which of these has a coelom?

A) sea star
B) roundworm
C) fluke
D) planarian
E) hydra

Question 11

Which of these is mismatched?

A) cnidarian-nematocyst
B) planarian-ladderlike nervous system
C) sponge-collar cell
D) fluke-body cavity
E) roundworm-complete digestive tract

Question 12

Which of these is a protostome?

A) a chimpanzee
B) a planarian
C) a sea anemone
D) a sea star
E) lancelet

Question 13

Animals are thought to be most closely related to

A) choanoflagellates.
B) charophytes.
C) chytrids.
D) fungi.
E) amoebas.

Question 14

Which of these has radial symmetry?

A) human
B) planarian
C) jellyfish
D) roundworm
E) nudibranch

Question 15

Which statement about sponges is correct?

A) Sponges have two germ layers, which give rise to well-organized tissues.
B) Sponges can only reproduce asexually by fragmentation or budding.
C) Most sponges have bilateral symmetry.
D) Sponges belong to the group of invertebrates known as cnidarians.
E) Sponges are filter feeders.

Question 16

Which of these worms are segmented?

A) annelids
B) planarians
C) roundworms
D) flukes
E) All worms are segmented

Question 17

In protostome development,

A) the blastopore becomes the anus.
B) the coelom forms from mesodermal outpocketings of the gut.
C) there is no coelom.
D) the mouth forms from the second embryonic opening, not from the blastopore.
E) the blastopore becomes the mouth.

Question 18

An arthropod would not have

A) a blastopore during development.
B) a pseudocoelom.
C) mesoderm.
D) jointed appendages.
E) an exoskeleton.

Question 19

Which of these statements about the evolutionary tree of animals is incorrect?

A) All animals have true tissues.
B) All animals are multicellular.
C) Humans are more closely related to sea stars than to insects.
D) Radial symmetry preceded bilateral symmetry in animal evolution.
E) Some animals have no germ layers, while others have two or three germ layers.

Question 20

The exoskeleton of an arthropod is composed largely of the polysaccharide

A) cellulose.
B) starch.
C) chitin.
D) collagen.
E) glycogen.

Question 21

Which of these is a primate, but not an anthropoid?

A) chimpanzee
B) baboon
C) opossum
D) human
E) lemur

Question 22

An annelid would not

A) have a coelom.
B) have segmentation.
C) possess a complete digestive tract.
D) excrete via nephridia.
E) undergo metamorphosis.

Question 23

Which of these is not a chordate characteristic?

A) notochord
B) ventral, solid nerve cord
C) pharyngeal pouches
D) postanal tail
E) coelom

Question 24

Which are the most numerous and diverse vertebrates?

A) reptiles
B) lancelets
C) cartilaginous fishes
D) mammals
E) bony fishes

Question 25

Which of these would not belong to an echinoderm?

A) water vascular system
B) coelom
C) larval stage
D) skin gills
E) nephridium

Question 26

According to the multiregional continuity hypothesis,

A) Homo sapiens evolved from Homo erectus only in Africa, then migrated to Asia and Europe.
B) Homo sapiens evolved from Homo erectus in Africa, then migrated to Europe and split into Neandertals and Cro-Magnons.
C) Homo sapiens evolved from Homo erectus in Africa, Asia, and Europe.
D) Homo sapiens evolved from Homo habilis only in Africa.
E) Homo sapiens evolved from Australopithecus afarensis in Africa, Asia, and Europe.

Question 27

A fungal infection that covers an amphibian's skin can quickly kill the animal. Why can't amphibians tolerate their skin being covered with a foreign substance?

A) Amphibians produce blood in their skin, and become anemic when the skin is covered by fungus.
B) Amphibians have small lungs and use their skin for gas exchange; they suffocate when the skin is covered with fungal growth.
C) Amphibians with fungal infections starve when the fungus absorbs all the food stored in their skin.
D) Because amphibians hear with their skin, those with fungal infections on the skin lose the ability to hear approaching predators.
E) Since amphibians use their skin for water storage, they dehydrate when an infectious fungus covers the skin and drains it of moisture.

Question 28

Which is the largest, most diverse group of arthropods?

A) arachnids
B) millipedes
C) insects
D) crustaceans
E) centipedes

Question 29

The main reason reptiles are so well-adapted to land environment is their method of

A) respiration.
B) vocalization.
C) reproduction.
D) predation.
E) temperature regulation.

Question 30

The closest living relatives of modern humans are

A) prosimians.
B) African apes.
C) New World monkeys.
D) Asian apes.
E) Old World monkeys.

Question 31

Which of the following is not a hominin?

A) Neandertal
B) australopithecine
C) Homo erectus
D) Cro-Magnon
E) gorilla

Question 32

Which feature is necessary in order to classify an organism as an ecdysozoan?

A) nonliving exoskeleton
B) endoskeleton made of chitin
C) closed circulatory system
D) open circulatory system
E) gills

Question 33

Which of these is a unique characteristic of mammals?

A) hair
B) four-chambered heart
C) extraembryonic membranes
D) endothermic
E) cephalization

Question 34

Egg-laying mammals are known as

A) marsupials.
B) ectotherms.
C) placental mammals.
D) monotremes.
E) prosimians.

Question 35

Amphibians are the descendants of

A) ray-finned fishes.
B) cartilaginous fishes.
C) lobe-finned fishes.
D) hagfishes.
E) reptiles.

Question 36

Which are invertebrate chordates?

A) tunicates only
B) lancelets only
C) jawless fishes only
D) tunicates and lancelets but not jawless fishes
E) tunicates, lancelets, and jawless fishes

Question 37

Which organism does not posses features that identify them as an arachnid?

A) spider
B) scorpion
C) tick
D) horseshoe crab
E) lobster

Question 38

Which of these is mismatched?

A) tunicate-has all chordate characteristics as an adult
B) ray-finned fish-has a swim bladder
C) lamprey-lacks jaws
D) cartilaginous fish-has jaws
E) lobe-finned fish-has a lung

Question 39

Birds are not

A) reptiles.
B) ectothermic.
C) amniotes.
D) chordates.
E) deuterostomes.

Question 40

Which is not a typical adult amphibian characteristic?

A) eyelids
B) jaws
C) jointed limbs
D) lungs
E) four-chambered heart

Question 41

In 2003, fossil skeletons of a new Homo species were discovered in Indonesia and named Homo floresiensis. Which factor was the key to classifying this species in the genus Homo?

A) evidence of bipedalism
B) resemblance to other hominins
C) human-like rather than ape-like craniums
D) evidence of being placental mammals
E) evidence of mosaic evolution

Question 42

Which is an example of a parazoa?

A) sponges
B) cnidarians
C) flatworms
D) annelids
E) echinoderms

Question 43

Which feature is lacking in sponges?

A) multicellularity
B) cellular level of organization
C) contain organized true tissues
D) flagella
E) filter feeder

Question 44

What is a common feature shared by both the roundworms and the arthropods?

A) gills
B) cutaneous respiration
C) exoskeleton
D) endoskeleton
E) jointed appendages

Question 45

Which feature is present in cnidarians but lacking in sponges?

A) cellular level of organization
B) filter feeding
C) multicellularity
D) radial symmetry
E) cnidarians are classified as an animal while sponges are not animals

Question 46

While excavating a cave in Spain, you stumble across a skeleton that looks to be human. Upon closer examination, you find that the bones are disproportionately short and thick, and the skull has massive brow ridges. Carefully arranged around the skeleton are a variety of stone tools. You have most likely found the remains of

A) a Cro-Magnon.
B) an australopithecine.
C) an early hominin.
D) a Neandertal.
E) a prosimian.

Question 47

What is the defining feature of the lophotrochozoans?

A) tentacle-like feeding structure
B) filter feeding
C) multicellularity
D) bilateral symmetry
E) exoskeleton

Question 48

Molluscs are

A) deuterostomes.
B) acoelomates.
C) protostomes.
D) pseudocoelomates.
E) segmented.

Question 49

A leech would not have

A) a notochord.
B) segmentation.
C) a ventral nerve cord.
D) a coelom.
E) mesoderm.

Question 50

What are the key features of chordates?

A) notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches and a tail
B) notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, water vascular system and a tail
C) ventral nerve chord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches and a tail
D) notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, nerve ring and a tail
E) notochord, ventral nerve cord, water vascular system and a tail

Question 51

Which of these is not a bivalve?

A) barnacle
B) oyster
C) clam
D) mussel
E) scallop

Question 52

Which of these has the necessary adaptations to survive in a dry land environment?

A) insect
B) lobe-finned fish
C) amphibian
D) planarian
E) tunicate

Question 53

Which of these would be found in both roundworms and annelids?

A) coelom
B) segmentation
C) setae
D) complete digestive tract
E) notochord

Question 54

Which feature is not found in the arthropods?

A) segmentation
B) exoskeleton
C) jointed appendages
D) well developed nervous system
E) pseudocoelom lined with mesoder

Question 55

Why are developmental biologists so interested in studying echinoderm embryos?

A) Echinoderms are primitive chordates.
B) Echinoderms are the closest living relatives of chordates.
C) Echinoderms are the only animals with three embryonic germ layers.
D) Echinoderms, unlike most invertebrates, retain their notochords as adults.
E) Echinoderms, like chordates, are protostomes.

Question 56

Nephridia are found in

A) jawless fishes.
B) echinoderms.
C) lancelets.
D) annelids.
E) cephalopods.

Question 57

Organisms that live in a marine environment, have skin gills, tube feet, a coelom, and a water vascular system are classified as a(n)

A) tunicate.
B) lancelet.
C) planarian.
D) oligochaete.
E) echinoderm.

Question 58

Which two groups of primates share the closest ancestry?

A) prosimians and gibbons
B) New world monkeys and apes
C) hominins and Old world monkeys
D) gibbons and prosimians
E) apes and hominins

Question 59

Which of these is present in all fishes?

A) jaws
B) lungs
C) fleshy, bone-containing appendages
D) fins supported by bony spikes
E) vertebrae