Deck 12: Leadership in Organisational Settings

Question 1

Self-confidence,integrity,knowledge of the business and emotional intelligence are important leadership competencies.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Servant leaders try to understand employee needs and facilitate their work performance.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

One problem with path-goal leadership theory is that it ignores the philosophy of servant leadership.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Effective leaders have 'leadership motivation'; that is,they are motivated to be leaders.

Question 5

Path-goal theory states that effective leaders have high emotional intelligence,integrity and motivation to become a leader.

Question 6

Organisational behaviour takes the view that leaders are people in management and other 'leadership' positions in the organisation.

Question 7

Shared leadership is the view that anyone in the organisation may be a leader in various ways and at various times.

Question 8

Path-goal theory has its roots in the expectancy theory of motivation.

Question 9

According to path-goal theory,directive leadership should be applied where the task is complex and the employee has an external locus of control.

Question 10

The behavioural perspective of leadership says that task-oriented leaders clarify duties and procedures,ensure that employees follow company rules and push them to reach their performance capacity.

Question 11

Leadership competencies or traits have been discussed since the beginning of recorded civilisation.

Question 12

According to the behavioural perspective of leadership,task-oriented leadership is the opposite of people-oriented leadership.

Question 13

One implication of the leadership competency approach is that leadership is found among senior executives rather than people in lower-level positions.

Question 14

Leadership competencies identify leadership potential,not leadership performance.

Question 15

Leadership is the ability to influence,motivate and enable others to contribute to organisational effectiveness.

Question 16

Research on the competency perspective of leadership has concluded that four traits are consistently strong predictors of effective leadership across most situations and industries.

Question 17

Integrity,intelligence and self-concept are most closely related to the competency perspective of leadership.

Question 18

Research indicates that employees of task-oriented leaders have better performance and team dynamics but lower job satisfaction.

Question 19

The achievement-oriented leadership style applies the goal-setting and self-fulfilling prophecy concepts.

Question 20

Path-goal leadership theory includes directive,supervisory and integrity leadership styles.

Question 21

The behavioural and contingency leadership theories adopt more of a transactional and less of a transformational perspective of leadership.

Question 22

Self-leadership replaces the need for formal leadership in self-directed work teams.

Question 23

Effective transformational leaders 'walk the talk' by making meeting agendas,work schedules and other executive symbols,patterns and settings more consistent with the strategic vision.

Question 24

The situational leadership model states that a person's leadership style does not change,so we must put leaders in situations that match their natural style.

Question 25

Reward systems and employees' skills are substitutes for task-oriented leadership.

Question 26

The leadership substitutes model identifies ways to neutralise or replace transformational leaders in specific conditions.

Question 27

One apparent problem with the transformational leadership perspective is that it still implies a universal rather than contingency approach to leadership.

Question 28

According to the leadership substitutes theory,characteristics of the employee,task or organisation limit the leader's influence or make it unnecessary.

Question 29

Rather than changing the leader's style to fit the situation,it may be necessary to change the situation to fit the leader's dominant style.

Question 30

Transformational leaders frame their vision by setting it aside until the time is right to introduce it again.

Question 31

Cultural values shape the expectations that followers have of their leaders.

Question 32

Transformational leaders shape a strategic vision of the future that focuses employees on a superordinate organisational goal.

Question 33

The implicit leadership perspective encourages potential leaders to act differently from what employees expect.

Question 34

According to path-goal leadership theory,directive leadership should never be applied to either experienced or inexperienced employees.

Question 35

According to the textbook,charismatic leadership differs from transformational leadership.

Question 36

Effective transformational leaders build commitment towards the strategic vision by using words,symbols and stories that inspire and energise employees to adopt the vision as their own.

Question 37

One problem with path-goal theory is that it is an extremely simple model of leadership relative to other leadership theories.

Question 38

Transactional leaders are mainly change agents.

Question 39

The implicit leadership perspective explains how perceptual processes cause people to inflate the importance of leadership in explaining organisational events.

Question 40

Walking the talk assists organisational change by building trust in the leader.

Question 41

According to recent writing on the subject,which of the following competencies is characteristic of effective leaders?

A) High need for achievement and high integrity
B) Motivation to become a leader
C) High self-concept of their leadership ability
D) All of the options listed here

Question 42

Task structure and team dynamics in path-goal theory are two important constituents of:

A) Employee contingencies
B) Situational leadership
C) Environmental contingencies
D) Employee and environmental contingencies

Question 43

Job dissatisfaction is higher among employees who work for supervisors with:

A) Very high levels of people oriented leadership
B) Very low levels of task oriented leadership
C) Very high levels of task oriented leadership and low levels of people oriented leadership
D) Achievement-oriented behaviour

Question 44

The competency perspective of leadership:

A) Is one of the most recently studied perspectives of leadership
B) Is no longer accepted as an approach to understanding leadership in organisations
C) Takes a contingency approach by identifying the best leadership competencies under different conditions
D) None of the options listed here is correct

Question 45

Which of these statements about leadership is TRUE?

A) Leadership includes the process of influencing others
B) Leadership includes actions that change the work environment so that employees are better able to achieve team or organisational objectives
C) Leadership applies to people in any position in the organisation,not just those in executive positions
D) All of the options listed here are correct

Question 46

Cross-cultural implications in leadership affect what leaders do in terms of:

A) Charisma and style
B) Leaders' values and norms
C) Expectations followers have of their leaders
D) Leaders' values and norms and expectations followers have of their leaders

Question 47

Recent leadership writing suggests that emotional intelligence:

A) Is the only trait that distinguishes effective from ineffective leaders
B) Is an important characteristic of effective leaders
C) Is less important than early writing on leadership traits had assumed
D) Is unrelated to effective leadership

Question 48

Which of the following competencies is NOT a characteristic of effective leaders?

A) Effective leaders have a high need for personalised power
B) Effective leaders have a strong belief in their leadership abilities
C) Effective leaders have a high level of emotional intelligence
D) Effective leaders have a high degree of integrity

Question 49

Shared leadership flourishes in organisations where formal leaders are willing to:

A) Delegate power
B) Encourage employees to operate in a learning orientation culture
C) Have one formally assigned position or role
D) Delegate power and encourage employees to operate in a learning orientation culture

Question 50

A leader's higher levels of extroversion and conscientiousness describe his or her:

A) Drive
B) Integrity
C) Emotional intelligence
D) Personality

Question 51

The emerging expectations of effective leaders are inconsistent with how many women prefer to lead.

Question 52

The competency (trait)perspective takes the view that:

A) Effective leadership involves being both task-oriented and people-oriented
B) The best leadership style depends on the situation
C) Introducing specific environmental conditions can replace the need for leaders
D) Leadership is a characteristic of the person

Question 53

Women tend to use the participative leadership style less often than do men.

Question 54

The meaning of leadership is so different across cultures that there are no universal leadership characteristics.

Question 55

Situational leadership theory is also called the:

A) Transformational perspective of leadership
B) Life cycle theory
C) Path-goal theory
D) Implicit leadership perspective

Question 56

Which of these is NOT explicitly identified in the textbook as a leadership perspective?

A) Attitudinal
B) Contingency
C) Transformational
D) Implicit

Question 57

Which of these statements about leadership is FALSE?

A) Anyone may be a leader at an appropriate time and place
B) Leaders use power and persuasion to get others to achieve organisational objectives
C) In the 1940s,leadership experts identified seven competencies that are consistently associated with effective leadership
D) Effective leaders provide an environment for followers to achieve team or organisational objectives

Question 58

Effective leaders have a strong need for:

A) Personalised power
B) Tacit knowledge of business
C) Socialised power
D) Self-concept

Question 59

A decade ago,54 leadership experts from 38 countries reached a consensus that leadership is about:

A) Influencing
B) Motivating
C) Enabling others to contribute to the effectiveness and success of organisations of which they are members
D) All of the options listed here are correct

Question 60

Competency,contingency,implicit and transformational represent four of the main:

A) Sources of organisational power
B) Perspectives of leadership
C) Forms of employee involvement
D) Process theories of motivation

Question 61

How does self-monitoring personality relate to leadership?

A) It is easier to be an effective leader when subordinates have low self-monitoring personalities
B) Leaders are more likely to be effective if they have a low self-monitoring personality
C) It is easier to be an effective leader when subordinates have high self-monitoring personalities
D) High self-monitors are more likely to emerge as effective leaders

Question 62

According to path-goal theory,which leadership style or combination of styles would be most effective for people who are skilled and experienced in the job?

A) Directive and supportive leadership
B) Supportive and participative leadership
C) Directive and participative leadership
D) Participative leadership

Question 63

Which leadership theory or perspective explicitly includes the participative style?

A) Competency (trait)perspective
B) Transformational leadership theory
C) Implicit leadership perspective
D) Path-goal theory

Question 64

According to the path-goal theory of leadership:

A) All great leaders are highly task-oriented and much lower in terms of people-oriented behaviours
B) Leadership behaviours are clustered into either participative or achievement-oriented groups
C) Leadership behaviours are clustered into people-oriented and task-oriented groups
D) The best leadership style depends on the employee's behaviour at the time of interaction

Question 65

One problem with the competency (trait)perspective of leadership is that:

A) Research doesn't find any evidence that effective leaders have specific competencies
B) Competencies reflect the leader's performance rather than potential
C) Most leadership competencies are too specific,leaving no opportunity to interpret their meaning broadly
D) It implies a universal rather than contingency approach to leadership

Question 66

Suppose that you are the new supervisor of a unit of employees who work in non-routine jobs.These employees are highly experienced and confident in their work.According to path-goal theory,which leadership style would be most appropriate in this situation?

A) Directive
B) Participative
C) Supportive
D) Abusive

Question 67

Leadership styles in path-goal theory are derived from:

A) Transformational leadership
B) Implicit leadership theory
C) Expectancy theory of motivation
D) Leadership competencies

Question 68

Path-goal theory argues that:

A) Leadership is relatively unimportant in organisations
B) Participative leadership is the most effective style of leadership
C) Supportive leadership is best where the employee's job is highly satisfying
D) The most effective leader behaviour depends on the situation

Question 69

Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership model states that the best leadership style depends on:

A) The readiness of followers
B) The availability of leadership substitutes
C) The leader's capacity to walk the talk
D) The leader's integrity,weight and other traits or competencies

Question 70

Gusher Oil Ltd expects all of its executives and supervisors to act as coaches,stewards and facilitators to employees.Their main objective is to make it easier for employees to perform their jobs.Gusher Oil is mainly encouraging which of the following?

A) Transformational leadership
B) Implicit leadership
C) Servant leadership
D) Competency perspective of leadership

Question 71

The competency (trait)perspective of leadership:

A) States that leadership exists mainly in the perceptions of followers
B) Is often applied by organisations when selecting executives and future leaders
C) Is the most recently developed perspective of leadership
D) States that the most appropriate leadership style depends on the situation

Question 72

Which leadership style in path-goal theory is most closely associated with goal setting and positive self-fulfilling prophecy?

A) Directive
B) Supportive
C) Participative
D) Achievement-oriented

Question 73

According to path-goal theory,supportive leadership is most appropriate when:

A) The job is routine
B) The employee works in a highly cohesive team
C) The employee lacks experience in the job
D) The employee has an internal locus of control

Question 74

According to the path-goal theory of leadership:

A) Great leaders are born,not made
B) The best leaders possess high levels of emotional intelligence
C) Directive leadership is ineffective when employees are experienced and work in routine jobs
D) Leaders are considered effective by followers when they act and look consistently with the perceptions and stereotypes that followers hold of ideal leaders

Question 75

Which of the following statements about path-goal theory is TRUE?

A) Path-goal theory considers seven different leadership competencies
B) Path-goal theory is based on the idea that leadership is a stable personality trait,so it is easier to change the situation to match the person's leadership style
C) Path-goal theory considers the subordinate's ability and experience when determining the best leadership style for the situation
D) Path-goal theory assumes that managers can apply only one leadership style in a given situation

Question 76

Which of the following is a leadership style identified in path-goal theory?

A) Achievement-oriented leadership
B) Selling style of leadership
C) Transformational leadership style
D) Emotionally intelligent leadership style

Question 77

Path-goal theory states that leaders should apply the participative style when:

A) The employee has an external locus of control
B) The employee lacks job experience
C) The task is routine
D) None of the options listed here is correct

Question 78

According to research on the path-goal perspective of leadership,task-oriented leaders tend to:

A) Establish challenging goals
B) Develop mutual trust and respect for subordinates
C) Listen to employee suggestions
D) Do personal favours for employees

Question 79

What do the competency and transformational leadership theories have in common?

A) They have been rejected by organisational behaviour scholars as poor representations of effective leadership
B) They generally assume a 'one best way' (universal)approach to leadership
C) They explicitly consider the relevance of emotional intelligence in leadership
D) They explicitly describe leadership in terms of the leader's power over subordinates

Question 80

Servant leadership is most closely associated with:

A) Path-goal leadership
B) The implicit leadership perspective
C) The competency perspective of leadership
D) The behavioural perspective of leadership