Deck 11: Eighteenth-Century Dynastic Rivalries and Politics

Question 1

What is true of John Wilkes?

A)He was beloved by Whigs,who saw him as a man of the people.
B)He used his newspaper to attack the government for signing the Treaty of Paris.
C)He served for many years as sheriff of London after being elected in 1772.
D)He was an ardent supporter of the king,and spent his life advocating for increased monarchical power.
E)He attracted people to his cause through his soft-spoken demeanor and insistence on nonviolent protest.

Answer 1

He used his newspaper to attack the government for signing the Treaty of Paris.

Question 2

The Treaty of Paris (1763)brought an end to the Seven Years' War.What was one of the treaty's results?

A)France lost possession of Martinique and Guadeloupe.
B)Great Britain took possession of the Louisiana Territory.
C)The United States took possession of the Louisiana Territory.
D)France lost all of its North American colonies.
E)Great Britain took possession of Canada.

Answer 2

Great Britain took possession of Canada.

Question 3

In his political pamphlet Common Sense,Thomas Paine argued that the government drew its power from

A)God.
B)nature.
C)hereditary rights of kings.
D)the consent of the people.
E)its ability to impose law and order.

Answer 3

the consent of the people.

Question 4

What did the phrase "balance of power" refer to when considering eighteenth-century politics?

A)the British governing policy of sharing power between the king and Parliament
B)the French governing policy of sharing power between the Catholic Church and the regional parlements
C)a fundamental principle of eighteenth-century diplomacy which sought to prevent any one country from dominating the continent
D)a fundamental principle in the newly independent United States which sought to prevent any one of the thirteen original states from dominating the union
E)a deal between France and Britain to share the colonies between the two of them

Question 5

The Bill of Rights of 1689

A)was a declaration of universal human rights.
B)was a declaration guaranteeing political rights to the people of the newly independent United States.
C)gave the British Parliament powers and limited those of the monarch.
D)came as a result of the French Revolution.
E)was an early attempt at female political equality.

Question 6

In the competition between Britain and France for control of North America,why was France at a major disadvantage?

A)France did not have a navy.
B)France's colonial population was dispersed widely through North America,which made assembling an army difficult.
C)France had only developed colonies in the past fifteen years,and did not have a good sense of the territory.
D)Britain had a much higher colonial population.
E)The British held the loyalty of all the Native American tribes on the continent.

Question 7

The War of Jenkins's Ear was fought between

A)France and Britain.
B)Spain and Britain.
C)Portugal and Britain.
D)Britain and the Dutch Republic.
E)Britain and the United States.

Question 8

Unlike other European countries in the late eighteenth century,the Ottoman Empire

A)had no emperor,but rather a republic.
B)experienced no impact of religion on politics.
C)had no hereditary nobility.
D)had universal suffrage.
E)had no serious political problems.

Question 9

What caused the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756?

A)the growing power of Prussia
B)the French Revolution
C)the American War of Independence
D)the decline of the Ottoman Empire
E)new ideas about foreign relations

Question 10

What best describes mercantilism?

A)an economic theory claiming that the strength of a country depended on bringing in more gold,through trade,than it paid out
B)an economic theory claiming that the strength of a country depended on free trade
C)a political theory favoring government by the merchant class
D)a political theory advocating government takeover of trade and industry
E)an artistic and intellectual movement

Question 11

Why did Great Britain pass the Quebec Act in 1774?

A)Great Britain wanted to force Catholics out of Canada.
B)Great Britain wanted to give French Canada back to France in return for concessions elsewhere.
C)Great Britain wanted to satisfy its thirteen colonies by giving them power over Canada.
D)Great Britain wanted to make concessions to the French Catholics so that they would not rebel.
E)Great Britain wanted to put the rebellious thirteen colonies under the control of the more pliable French Canadians.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of slaves in the middle of the eighteenth century?

A)Slaves were often used to trade for manufactured goods produced in the Americas.
B)Slaves were often treated more humanely than indentured servants,because slave owners were concerned with keeping their property healthy and happy.
C)The slave trade was in its fledgling form,with only a handful of slaves being transported each year.
D)British traders primarily captured and enslaved people who were originally from South Africa.
E)The number of slaves that were transported to British,French,Spanish,and Portuguese colonies was several times the number of Europeans living in those colonies.

Question 13

What was the main difference between the Tories and the Whigs?

A)The Tories supported heavier taxes than the Whigs supported.
B)The Tories supported colonialism,whereas the Whigs did not.
C)They disagreed on foreign policy.
D)The Tories supported the rights of the monarch,whereas the Whigs supported the rights of Parliament.
E)The Tories supported the Stuarts,whereas the Whigs sided with the Hanoverians.

Question 14

The Pragmatic Sanction

A)was a treaty that allowed the independence of the United States.
B)was an international understanding that allowed the creation of Great Britain.
C)was an Act of the British Parliament against the followers of the old royal dynasty.
D)asserted the indivisibility of Habsburg lands and allowed women to inherit the throne.
E)asserted the power of the Paris Parlement over the French king.

Question 15

The South Sea Bubble is an example of

A)unregulated speculation.
B)the perils of national debt.
C)the uncertainty of international trade.
D)the economic consequences of war.
E)the downside of colonialism.

Question 16

The "king over the water" belonged to which dynasty?

A)Tudor
B)Plantagenet
C)Hanoverian
D)Bourbon
E)Stuart

Question 17

In Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents,Burke comments on the

A)Boston Massacre.
B)role of political parties.
C)South Sea Bubble.
D)Seven Years' War.
E)madness of King George III.

Question 18

What kingdom did the Act of Union create in 1707?

A)Russia
B)Great Britain
C)Italy
D)Germany
E)Holland

Question 19

Edmund Burke defined political parties as

A)organizations seeking the interests of the few over the many.
B)associations of those who deserve to govern.
C)volunteer associations of people seeking to enrich themselves at the expense of the public.
D)opponents of the king.
E)people who come together in an attempt to promote the national interest as they understand it.

Question 20

Why was King George III more popular than his predecessors?

A)He was more democratic.
B)He lowered taxes.
C)He was not as preoccupied by the goings-on in Hanover.
D)He did not interfere in politics.
E)He promoted peace.

Question 21

How did the conflict between nations in Europe spill into other parts of the world during the Seven Years' War,and with what results?

Question 22

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a noble republic,which meant that

A)all Poles and Lithuanians,but not other ethnic groups,were noblemen.
B)peasants voted for which of their peers they wanted to have noble status.
C)nobles elected the king and retained a great deal of power over the government.
D)the king could force noblemen to help him govern the country.
E)bishops were forbidden from participating in government.

Question 23

In the eighteenth century,how did new military tactics,discipline,and weaponry change both warfare in general and the experiences of the common soldier?

Question 24

What best describes the principle of "liberum veto"?

A)Any noble in the Polish-Lithuanian parliament could bring an end to any discussion or legislation.
B)It was the legal term to describe the right of citizens to disobey laws they disagreed with on moral grounds.
C)It was a policy used to reduce the power of the wealthy nobles.
D)It was the right of the Paris Parlement to dismiss legislative acts put forth by the French king.
E)Catholic kings could prevent bishops from making changes in Church affairs by shouting,"I freely forbid."

Question 25

The Commission of National Education,believed to be the first of its kind in Europe,reformed the educational system of which country?

A)Great Britain
B)Poland
C)France
D)Prussia
E)Holland

Question 26

Which countries cooperated in the first partition of Poland?

A)the Ottoman Empire,Lithuania,and France
B)Russia,Austria,and Prussia
C)France,Austria,and Great Britain
D)Russia,the Ottoman Empire,and Lithuania
E)Prussia,Russia,and France

Question 27

The Ottoman scholar class showed little interest in Western ideas and technology.In that respect,the Ottoman Empire was similar to

A)Russia and Poland.
B)Russia and Prussia.
C)Spain and Portugal.
D)Denmark and Sweden.
E)China and Japan.