Deck 16: The Revolutions of 1848

Question 1

What sorts of people were members of the Frankfurt Parliament?

A)mainly upper-middle-class professionals
B)mostly nobles
C)mostly members of the Third Estate
D)workers and the lower middle class
E)no one class had a large number of representatives

Answer 1

mainly upper-middle-class professionals

Question 2

What was the main weakness of the Frankfurt Parliament?

A)Its leaders were famously corrupt,spending millions of dollars of taxpayer money on frivolities.
B)It suffered from a lack of original ideas.
C)Debate was vigorously quashed.
D)It had no army and lacked the support of state rulers.
E)There were not enough lawyers among its members to draft laws.

Answer 2

It had no army and lacked the support of state rulers.

Question 3

What were the "June Days" in 1848 France?

A)the days that the king and his advisers spent discussing passing the new French constitution
B)the week when the 1848 revolution started
C)a peaceful protest led by the workers of France,who were able to achieve increased voting rights
D)the inaugural meeting of the National Assembly in Paris
E)an uprising by the workers of central and eastern Paris,who were protesting the closure of the National Workshops

Answer 3

an uprising by the workers of central and eastern Paris,who were protesting the closure of the National Workshops

Question 4

The "Bach system" was

A)the method Johann Sebastian Bach used to write his music.
B)a system of bureaucratic spying and repression with the aim to root out political opposition.
C)the new monetary system in 1848 Germany.
D)the new system of government in post-1848 Prussia.
E)a trade agreement between German states.

Question 5

In 1848,all major European countries experienced a revolution except which two?

A)Great Britain and Russia
B)Russia and Prussia
C)Prussia and Austria
D)Great Britain and Austria
E)Great Britain and Prussia

Question 6

If one was to attribute the 1848 revolution in France to three reasons,those would be

A)a corrupt and wasteful king,incompetent politicians,and morally questionable Catholic Church policies.
B)the Enlightenment,the 1789 Revolution,and Napoleon's legacy.
C)industrialization,capitalism,and rural poverty.
D)lack of legitimacy of the regime,a bad harvest,and foreign policy problems.
E)socialism,communism,and republicanism.

Question 7

The 1848 revolt in Italy was hampered in part because

A)the rebels did not have an army.
B)the rebels did not have money.
C)the Holy Alliance intervened.
D)King Charles Albert,who was supposed to lead,hesitated.
E)most Italians did not support the revolution.

Question 8

A major mistake of the Hungarian revolutionaries was that they

A)did not secure weapons.
B)ignored the rights of ethnic minorities.
C)did not secure financial backing.
D)did not secure foreign help.
E)ignored the workers.

Question 9

What were the "March governments" of 1848 Germany?

A)the Prussian army's nationwide march that had the goal of bringing law and order after the 1848 revolution
B)another name for the famous song "Radetzky March"
C)revolutionary governments that were forced to retreat (march)after the royal armies invaded
D)governments in German states in which liberals were placed in prominent positions,due to fear of revolution
E)governments that opposed the March 1848 revolutions

Question 10

Commenting on the results of the post-1848 elections in France,the poet Lamartine noted,

A)"The people have had it."
B)"Monarchy is not working for France."
C)"France is bored."
D)"We need a new Napoleon."
E)"Vive la liberté."

Question 11

In 1849,the Hungarian independence movement was crushed by

A)General Jalecic and his Croatian troops.
B)General Radetzky and his Italian troops.
C)General Windischgratz and his Czech troops.
D)Austrian troops acting without assistance.
E)Russian troops invited to help by Francis Joseph,as well as Austrian forces.

Question 12

Why did French President Louis Napoleon send troops to help restore the pope's power?

A)Louis Napoleon was a devout Catholic.
B)The pope was pro-French.
C)France was asked to do so by the Holy Alliance.
D)Napoleon wanted to curry favor with French Catholics and to counter Austrian influence in Italy.
E)Louis Napoleon wanted to imitate his uncle Napoleon I.

Question 13

What was the 1848 "Basic Rights of the German People"?

A)a manifesto by the German revolutionaries calling the people to action
B)the few rights that the king of Prussia was willing to grant to the people
C)a proclamation by the Frankfurt Parliament calling for political and economic rights for all Germans
D)an article written by Karl Marx
E)the collective name for the German revolutionary movement

Question 14

Pressed to find more money,the French provisional government

A)invaded and pillaged Italy.
B)raised taxes on the rich.
C)raised direct taxes by 45 percent.
D)confiscated Church property.
E)borrowed money from foreign banks.

Question 15

What were the French "National Workshops"?

A)government programs that paid the unemployed to build roads and level hills
B)government workshops where guns and ammunition were manufactured
C)private factories confiscated by the government
D)government schools where young Frenchmen learned trades
E)a code name for revolutionary clubs

Question 16

What was the position of the Frankfurt Parliament toward German workers?

A)The Parliament became a champion of the working class.
B)The Parliament had no time to think of the working class.
C)The Parliament feared the working class.
D)In 1848,there were hardly any workers in Germany,so there was no need to think of them.
E)A good number of Parliament members were workers,so they felt deep sympathy toward them.

Question 17

Republicans in the era of the 1848 French Revolution were liberals who championed

A)a socialist form of government.
B)political and civil rights.
C)an aggressive foreign policy.
D)prosperity at home and peace abroad.
E)separation of church and state.

Question 18

What was the main reason for the failure to unify Italy in 1848?

A)There were too many independent states and not enough popular support for the cause.
B)The revolutionaries lacked dedication.
C)The Venetian Republic proved to be far too strong.
D)No ruler supported the revolutionaries.
E)The revolution ran out of time.

Question 19

Who constituted the bulk of the revolutionaries in both France and Germany?

A)middle-class property owners
B)upper-middle-class professionals
C)intellectuals
D)lower nobility
E)artisans and workers

Question 20

Hungarian revolutionary Lajos Kossuth was influenced by

A)Marxist and socialist ideas.
B)anarchist ideas.
C)British and American constitutional liberalism.
D)conservative ideas.
E)Austrian nationalism.

Question 21

What was the lesson learned by German revolutionaries after the failure of 1848?

A)In order to succeed,they needed an army.
B)German unification could happen only if either Prussia or Austria wanted it.
C)Germany was not ready for a revolution.
D)Russia would never allow German unification.
E)German unification could only happen at the same time as Italian unification.

Question 22

What were the long-term social and political legacies of the failed revolutions of 1848?

Question 23

Jeanne Deroin was a French woman famous for

A)demanding the execution of Louis Philippe.
B)demanding equal rights for women.
C)trying to run for office in 1849 even though women could neither vote nor be elected.
D)being the first famous French seamstress.
E)being the first wife of Louis Napoleon.

Question 24

The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was

A)the platform of Louis Napoleon's party.
B)Louis Napoleon's call to the French people for support.
C)the official history of the events of the time.
D)Karl Marx's scathing account of Louis Napoleon's climb to power.
E)an anonymous pamphlet trying to equate Louis Napoleon with his more famous uncle.

Question 25

Why did Louis Napoleon win popular support to become president of France's Second Republic?

Question 26

What were some of the demands of the "Montagnards" in 1849 France?

A)peace and bread
B)support for peasants,better taxation system,higher wages,and free public education
C)the reestablishment of monarchy
D)the reestablishment of the French Empire
E)voting rights for Jews,Protestants,and women

Question 27

How did Great Britain avoid revolts in 1848?

A)Most people had no complaints.
B)Parliament protected the people from the monarchy.
C)The British army put down revolts quickly and brutally.
D)Queen Victoria was loved by the people.
E)The authorities used a combination of gradual reforms and vigilance to keep the country from major revolts.