Deck 15: Liberal Challenges to Restoration Europe

Question 1

What was the Holy Alliance?

A)a religious agreement between the pope and the Protestant countries of Europe
B)a religious agreement between Protestants,Catholics,and Eastern Orthodox leaders
C)the union of all European Christian kings against the Muslim Ottoman Turks
D)an international agreement between Russia,Prussia,and Austria pledging to act in accordance with the religious teachings of Christ
E)an agreement between European monarchs pledging to defend the Church from the attacks of the teachings of the French Revolution

Answer 1

an international agreement between Russia,Prussia,and Austria pledging to act in accordance with the religious teachings of Christ

Question 2

Besides being an Italian patriot,Giuseppe Mazzini was also

A)a devout Catholic.
B)a royalist.
C)an anarchist.
D)an early proponent of a European federation of nations.
E)a feminist supporter.

Answer 2

an early proponent of a European federation of nations.

Question 3

What were the "Russification" and "Germanization" policies?

A)political and artistic movements in Russia and Germany seeking to create Russian and German art rather than importing models from Western Europe
B)policies by Russia and Prussia seeking to suppress cultural and political currents in the parts of Poland controlled respectively by Russia and Prussia
C)political and artistic movements by Russia and Germany seeking to export their culture and artistic models to the rest of Europe
D)competing ideologies by Russia and Germany seeking to influence the German minority in Russia,and the Russian minority in Germany,respectively
E)competing ideologies by Russia and Germany seeking to dominate Europe politically

Answer 3

policies by Russia and Prussia seeking to suppress cultural and political currents in the parts of Poland controlled respectively by Russia and Prussia

Question 4

What was the "Concert of Europe"?

A)a concert composed by Beethoven to commemorate the end of the Napoleonic Wars
B)an agreement between the restored House of Bourbon of France and the victorious allies
C)an agreement between the five Great Powers of Europe (France,Great Britain,Austria,Prussia,Russia)wherein their representatives would meet annually and,if need be,act together to combat threats to the status quo
D)an agreement between the four victors of the war (Great Britain,Austria,Prussia,Russia)to keep France from ever again threatening the European balance of power
E)an agreement between the powers of Europe to keep the United States from expanding into South America

Question 5

In 1814,the victorious allies imposed the Treaty of Paris on France.According to the treaty,

A)France was divided between Russia,Prussia,Austria,and Great Britain.
B)France was forced to pay a huge amount of money for war reparations.
C)France received generous terms;it went back to its 1792 borders and the old Bourbon dynasty was allowed back.
D)Napoleon was forced to abdicate and his nephew Napoleon III became emperor.
E)Louis Philippe of Orleans was declared the new king of France.

Question 6

In 1815,after Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo,the allies imposed the second Treaty of Paris on France.According to the treaty,

A)France was limited to its 1792 borders and the Bourbons were reinstated as the royal family.
B)a part of France was taken away and became Belgium.
C)a part of France was taken away and became part of Savoy.
D)France was divided among the victorious allies for ten years.
E)France was limited to its 1790 borders,it was forced to pay 700 million francs to the allies,and an allied army was stationed in the country until the debt was settled.

Question 7

What was "Pietism"?

A)a mystical type of Christianity embraced by Russian Tsar Alexander I
B)a reactionary Catholic religious order
C)the idea that kings should be revered,not dethroned and killed
D)the basic tenet of the Holy Alliance
E)the belief that humanity was sinful by nature and a repressive state was needed to keep order

Question 8

What was "Romanticism"?

A)the idea of romantic love
B)an artistic movement with conservative roots which emphasized emotions;a reaction to the rationalism of the Enlightenment
C)a liberal ideology that was an evolution of the rationalism of the Enlightenment
D)a literary style,mainly poetry
E)the idea of Italian unification with Rome as its capital

Question 9

What was the "Official Nationality"?

A)the only acceptable national identity in multi-cultural Austria
B)the national identity of each European state as recognized by the Holy Alliance
C)the Russian doctrine of "autocracy,orthodoxy,and [Russian] nationality"
D)the official self-defined national identity of each European state
E)U.S.President Monroe's Doctrine

Question 10

What was known as "Dutch arithmetic"?

A)a branch of mathematics dealing with navigation
B)a way to keep accounting books for businesses
C)the way the Dutch assigned seats in their legislative assembly,which caused the Belgians to be underrepresented
D)the way the Dutch assigned seats in their legislative assembly,which caused the Belgians to be overrepresented
E)another (Eurocentric)name for algebra (which has Arabic root)

Question 11

The conservative French philosopher Joseph de Maistre

A)rejected the revolutionary idea of "natural rights" in favor of the God-given rights of the kings.
B)believed that kings fulfilled the idea of "natural rights," as their powers were derived naturally from their ancestors.
C)believed that kings should rule and the Church should look after people's spiritual needs,but there should be separation of church and state.
D)believed that the Bourbons had abdicated their rights and their cousins,the Orleans,should rule.
E)believed that a constitutional monarchy,a conservative compromise between the old and the new,was the ideal political system.

Question 12

What were the aims of the victorious allies at the Congress of Vienna?

A)to restore the Bourbons in France and punish Napoleon
B)to redraw the map of post-Napoleonic Europe,re-establish the balance of power,and avoid future revolts
C)to help Austria become powerful again and,in the process,keep France from becoming too powerful
D)to divide Europe between the victors
E)to decide which dynasty,Bourbon or Orleans,would be better for France and the peace of Europe

Question 13

Dreams of German unification found most of its followers among

A)Catholics and royalists.
B)liberal nationalists and economic liberals.
C)peasants and nobles.
D)Protestants and urban dwellers.
E)workers and small businessmen.

Question 14

What was nineteenth-century political liberalism?

A)the belief that the government should not interfere in the economy (laissez-faire)
B)the belief that people are free to choose their government
C)the belief that there are political and social rights embodied in constitutions,defined by law,and guaranteed by the state
D)a political party in Britain led for many years by William Gladstone
E)the belief that people of a common ethnic background are at liberty to govern themselves

Question 15

After returning to France,Louis XVIII

A)turned the clock back and governed as if the revolution had never happened.
B)executed,imprisoned,or exiled anyone associated with the revolution and Napoleon.
C)had no real power,as the allies controlled France.
D)reversed all laws and regulations enacted by Napoleon.
E)granted a Charter which made France a constitutional monarchy and retained most of Napoleon's laws and administrative structure.

Question 16

What was the fundamental problem of the July Monarchy in France?

A)Having come to power through revolt,it could not claim royal legitimacy and at the same time did not have the popular sovereignty demanded by republicans.
B)The new royal family was not French.
C)It did not give political rights to the people.
D)It failed to deliver prosperity.
E)It was opposed by Napoleon's followers.

Question 17

Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations argued that

A)countries should make laws to maximize their exports and minimize their imports.
B)countries should try to accumulate as much gold and silver as possible.
C)countries should conquer other territories and obtain colonies to increase their wealth.
D)countries should allow the unrestricted functioning of the free economy,which would ensure the pursuit of private interests,and,by result,public interests.
E)real wealth is not money,but knowledge.

Question 18

"Utilitarianism" was a nineteenth-century theory which claimed that

A)laws should provide "the greatest good for the greatest number" of people.
B)the government should control public utilities.
C)public utilities should be private.
D)the economy should utilize new technology.
E)the economy should utilize people from all classes of society.

Question 19

What best describes the "Monroe Doctrine"?

A)The Monroe Doctrine was an executive order by U.S.President Monroe recognizing the right of southern states to have slaves and to transport them all across the United States as needed.
B)The Monroe Doctrine was an executive order by U.S.President Monroe recognizing the right of southern states to have slaves but prohibiting the transport of slaves outside the South.
C)President Monroe warned the European powers not to expand their colonial empires in the Western hemisphere any further.
D)U.S.President Monroe declared the republican form of government as the ideal for the Western hemisphere.
E)President Monroe claimed for the United States the territory from the borders of Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase to the Pacific Ocean.

Question 20

Who founded the secret nationalist "Society of Friends"?

A)Adam Smith
B)David Ricardo
C)Frederick William
D)Catherine the Great
E)Prince Alexander Ypsilantis

Question 21

The Reform Act of 1832

A)reformed the electoral law of Great Britain.
B)established the Reform Church in Great Britain.
C)reformed the Anglican Church.
D)reformed the British Monarchy.
E)reformed the House of Lords.

Question 22

The Corn Laws

A)regulated the conditions of cultivating corn and a number of other crops.
B)established strict quality control over distilling alcohol from corn.
C)imposed tariffs on imported wheat.
D)regulated the percentage of corn versus wheat in bread sold commercially.
E)declared that imported corn and wheat were free of taxation.

Question 23

What was Chartism?

A)a Christian charismatic movement in Britain
B)the signing of the Magna Carta
C)a reform movement in Britain advocating universal male suffrage,the secret ballot,and other electoral and political changes
D)a German reform movement calling for the unification of Germany
E)an Italian revolutionary society calling for the unification of Italy

Question 24

What were the conservative goals of the Congress of Vienna,and how was the Concert of Europe meant to safeguard those objectives?

Question 25

Even though Great Britain was fairly democratic,the system was far from open and fair.Dunwich was deemed a "rotten borough" because

A)thousands of people had no right to vote.
B)very few people could vote.
C)it was represented in Parliament even though the district had no voters,since it had been covered by the sea since the twelfth century.
D)only landowners could vote.
E)only millionaires could be elected to office.

Question 26

Why were liberal uprisings during the 1820s in Spain and Russia unsuccessful?

Question 27

In 1828,the British Parliament repealed the Test and Corporation Acts,which had

A)mandated written tests for those wishing to vote.
B)authorized the government to examine the finances of all private companies.
C)prohibited workers from forming unions.
D)forced anyone who wanted to hold public office to receive communion in the official Anglican Church.
E)required high school students to take an exam in order to attend the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.