Deck 2: Values and Attitudes

Question 1

Mark marches to the beat of his own drummer,while Simon plans on following in his father's footsteps.Mark is open to change,while Simon embraces

A) conformity.
B) traditionalism.
C) power.
D) benevolence.
E) conservation.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

_____ is defined by order,self-restriction,preservation of the past,and resistance to change.

A) Conservation
B) Security
C) Conformity
D) Traditionalism
E) Stability

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The components of engagement are urgency,being focused,intensity,and job satisfaction.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

One of the top five drivers of employee engagement for organizations in North America is pay.

Question 5

Maria focuses on community volunteerism,while Anna focuses on getting a promotion at work._____ are represented by Maria's and Anna's focuses.

A) Personal attitudes
B) Workplace attitudes
C) Endpoints of one of the dimensions of values
D) Cognitions
E) Behaviors

Question 6

Managers should attempt to reduce the negative effects of stress by improving job satisfaction and by encouraging employees to take work home.

Question 7

The idea that satisfaction results from the perception that a job allows for fulfillment of an individual's important values is called "met expectations."

Question 8

Schwartz's model suggests that

A) values may conflict with each other.
B) values are important, but have no direct effect on motivation.
C) values are unstable.
D) we are always aware of our values and how they influence us.
E) values are formed when we are in our early adulthood.

Question 9

The first step in combating bullying is to document the event in writing,particularly if the bully is your boss.

Question 10

Turnover is always bad for organizations.

Question 11

According to the Ajzen model,someone's intention to engage in a particular behavior is necessarily a strong predictor of that behavior.

Question 12

In Schwartz's model,conformity and tradition are in the same wedge,but conformity is seen as less extreme than tradition.

Question 13

Johan believes that saving the earth is our most important responsibility.He will be strongly committed to an employer who issues hybrid cars to all sales people,emphasizes recycling,and supports volunteerism to clean up the local river.

Question 14

Stress can have positive effects on certain OB-related outcomes.For instance,it is negatively related to absenteeism because people feel they have to work harder to meet management expectations.

Question 15

The two basic dimensions of Schwartz's value theory are self-enhancement/self-transcendence and ethical/unethical.

Question 16

Trevor is an overachiever.His brother calls him ambitious and power hungry.Trevor exemplifies the _______ dimension.

A) self-transcendence
B) self-enhancement
C) self-awareness
D) self-management
E) self-leadership

Question 17

Personal attitudes affect behavior via intentions.

Question 18

Based on Schwartz's Value Theory,if you value achievement over universalism,you will spend your evening working hard on your term paper so that you can get a good grade,rather than volunteering at the soup kitchen.

Question 19

The basic idea of POS is that people are willing to work hard and commit to their organizations when they believe that the organization truly cares about their best interests.

Question 20

There is only one model of the causes of job satisfaction.

Question 21

The self-transcendence part of Schwartz's model is composed of

A) self-direction and stimulation.
B) security and conformity.
C) power and achievement.
D) universalism and benevolence.
E) achievement and hedonism.

Question 22

Tony believes that cell phone use-even in restaurants-helps people manage their busy lives.Tony's belief reflects the __________ component of his attitude.

A) behavioral
B) objective
C) cognitive
D) normative
E) affective

Question 23

___________ are the key links between ___________ in Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior.

A) Attitudes; intentions and planned behavior
B) Intentions; attitudes and planned behavior
C) Norms; intentions and planned behavior
D) Intentions; norms and attitudes
E) Perceived behaviors; intentions and planned behavior

Question 24

Carla will graduate from her business program next month.She is happiest in jobs where she doesn't know what will be waiting for her when she gets to work,and she excels at problem solving.Carla needs a career that involves

A) security.
B) benevolence.
C) tradition.
D) power.
E) stimulation.

Question 25

Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors _____________; attitudes relate to behavior __________.

A) across all situations; toward specific targets
B) toward specific targets; across all situations
C) across all situations; toward people
D) toward specific objects; toward specific people
E) toward specific people; toward specific objects

Question 26

Horatio loves extreme sports and works as white-water rafting instructor.This reflects the values in the ____________ dimension of Schwartz's model.

A) conservation
B) self-enhancement
C) openness to change
D) self-transcendence
E) hedonism

Question 27

______ is defined by restraint of actions,inclinations,and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms.

A) Benevolence
B) Security
C) Tradition
D) Conformity
E) Universalism

Question 28

Dawn is at the playground with her four-year-old daughter.The father of another child is yelling and cursing at him.Dawn decides to tell the father to stop the verbal abuse or leave the playground,or she will call the authorities.Dawn's behavior reflects the _______ component of her attitude.

A) intellectual
B) affective
C) cognitive
D) behavioral
E) value

Question 29

The components of attitudes include

A) values, beliefs, and emotions.
B) affective, cognitive, and behavioral.
C) personal and workplace.
D) perceived and real.
E) public and personal.

Question 30

As a senior student representative on the ethics advisory board of your university,you feel strongly that cheating on college exams is unethical.You never cheated on any exam.However,this semester your best friend was desperate for your help,and you allowed him to take a quick "peek" at your answer sheet.Since then,you feel uncomfortable every time you think of the situation.Which of the following concepts best explains your psychological discomfort?

A) job detachment
B) cognitive dissonance
C) emotional labor
D) emotional dissonance
E) affective detachment

Question 31

The head of ABC Company announces that the company is going to start a weekend project teaching self-defense techniques to underprivileged kids in the neighborhood.Thomas decides to register for the project,as he is a trained kickboxer.This action of Thomas reflects the __________ component of his attitude.

A) behavioral
B) affective
C) cognitive
D) normative
E) intellectual

Question 32

Tanya believes that people should be kind to each other.She notices that Ellie is picking on a new employee,Michele.Tanya asks Ellie to stop bullying Michele,but Ellie's behavior doesn't change.Tanya confronts Ellie and a heated argument ensues,after which Tanya suggests that Ellie transfer to another department.In this case,Tanya's ________ are different from her values.

A) intentions
B) abstract ideals
C) personal beliefs
D) personal goals
E) cognitions

Question 33

Jane hates the idea of child labor.She works for a company that claims that it doesn't employ children.However,news reports accuse the company of employing young children overseas.______ is the psychological discomfort that Jane is experiencing since she heard this news.

A) Cognitive dissonance
B) Emotional labor
C) Behavioral intention
D) Emotional dissonance
E) Intelligence disunity

Question 34

_________ are both elements of hedonism.

A) Achievement and stimulation
B) Self-enhancement and openness to change
C) Self-transcendence and openness to change
D) Stimulation and self-direction
E) Stimulation and power

Question 35

Sally doesn't complain to a man smoking in the nonsmoking section of a restaurant because it doesn't bother her.This lack of irritation reflects the ______ component of her attitude.She is neutral toward people smoking in restaurants.

A) behavioral
B) intellectual
C) cognitive
D) normative
E) affective

Question 36

The two basic dimensions of Schwartz's model of values are

A) self-enhancement/self-transcendence and openness to change/conservation.
B) strengths/weaknesses and opportunities/threats.
C) personal attitudes/work attitudes and cognitions/behaviors.
D) commitment/engagement and satisfaction/dissatisfaction.
E) involved/engaged and motivated/not motivated.

Question 37

Samuel values his tradition and conformity.Not surprisingly,family time is very important to him.His employer,Stillman & Sons,expects him to work on holidays.Stillman & Sons and Samuel do not share the values of

A) conservation.
B) self-direction.
C) self-transcendence.
D) openess to change.
E) self-enhancement.

Question 38

The president of American Systems announces that all employees will be going on a trip to San Francisco.Some employees like the idea and some don't.According to the _________ component of attitudes,these evaluations reflect the feelings of the employees.

A) behavioral
B) affective
C) cognitive
D) normative
E) intellectual

Question 39

Chris,a manager,knows that one of his employees values achievement and power.Chris should assign the employee to a job that includes

A) high social value.
B) high security.
C) high self-direction.
D) high conformity.
E) high influence over others.

Question 40

_________ is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions.

A) perceived stress
B) counterproductive work behavior
C) psychological dissonance
D) cognitive dissonance
E) affective discomfort

Question 41

Waco Company monitors employees' perceptions of fairness by quarterly surveys and occasional focus groups.Management is following the _____ model.

A) met expectations
B) need fulfillment
C) equity
D) value attainment
E) dispositional components

Question 42

Research shows that when an organization breaches a psychological contract,

A) employees are likely to be less committed and satisfied, but their performance and intentions to quit are not affected.
B) employees are likely to be less committed and satisfied, without their performance being affect, but they are also more likely to quit.
C) employees are likely to be less committed and satisfied and more likely to quit, and their performance is likely to be lower.
D) employees are likely to be less committed and satisfied and have lower job performance, but are not more likely to quit.
E) this has no effect on employee satisfaction, commitment, intentions to quit, or job performance.

Question 43

The idea underlying the __________ model is that satisfaction is tied to how fairly an individual is treated at work.

A) met expectations
B) need fulfillment
C) equity
D) value attainment
E) dispositional components

Question 44

Angela works for a company that does not provide good health benefits or career opportunities.Her _____ is most likely to be negative.

A) OCB
B) CWB
C) POS
D) TPB
E) OB

Question 45

Job satisfaction across the United States has gone up,according to a national survey conducted by the Society for Human Resource Management.The top three facets of satisfaction include

A) feeling safe at work, having good relationships with coworkers, and substantial vacation time.
B) solid health care, having good relationships with coworkers, and a clear career path.
C) opportunities for advancement, good pay, and having a good relationship with an immediate supervisor.
D) feeling safe at work, good pay, and good benefits.
E) feeling safe at work, having good relationships with coworkers, and having a good relationship with an immediate supervisor.

Question 46

Low job satisfaction and low employee engagement can lead to

A) lower employee turnover.
B) low task performance.
C) increased task performance.
D) increased commitment.
E) improved communication.

Question 47

When Daniel's daughter got seriously ill,his boss Kyle and fellow employees went to the HR department and arranged to donate some of their sick leave to him so he could spend more time with his family.Daniel is most likely to be experiencing

A) job satisfaction.
B) OCB
C) POS
D) engagement.
E) value attainment.

Question 48

Which of the following is not a factor in contributing to employee engagement?

A) high levels of conscientiousness
B) high levels of stress
C) charismatic managers
D) recognition
E) motivating jobs

Question 49

Lennie loves her job at Vail Corporation.She is even a community ambassador.Lennie exhibits all of the following qualities except

A) pessimism.
B) urgency.
C) focus.
D) intensity.
E) enthusiasm.

Question 50

Which of the following is not one of the predominant models of the causes of job satisfaction?

A) Value attainment
B) Dispositional factors
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Equity
E) Met expectations

Question 51

You value achievement and your employer rewards people for accomplishing goals,so you are very committed to the company._____ fit is the consistency between personal and company values.

A) Person-culture
B) Person-behavioral
C) Employee-employer
D) Values-attitude fit
E) Intrinsic-extrinsic

Question 52

Carlos works at Tyner Construction Company as an assistant project manager.His manager assured him that if his projects came in on time and under budget,he would be promoted within a year.At nine months,Carlo is promoted to project manager.This is an example of

A) met expectations.
B) need fulfillment.
C) equity.
D) value attainment.
E) dispositional components.

Question 53

The idea of perceived organizational support is that if treated well,employees are motivated by

A) the norm of reciprocity.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) met expectations.
D) the psychological contract.
E) dispositional factors.

Question 54

Janice creates advertising slogans for the advertising firm that employs her.She works with beliefs,perceptions,and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization.A(n)________ represents Janice's beliefs.

A) high level of emotional labor
B) employment contract
C) high normative commitment
D) high affective commitment
E) psychological contract

Question 55

________ is the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles.

A) Employee involvement
B) Employee engagement
C) Organization commitment
D) Job satisfaction
E) Organizational citizenship behavior

Question 56

In some cases,coworkers or friends remain satisfied in situations where others always seem dissatisfied.This is a reflection of the _____ model.

A) need fulfillment
B) dispositional/genetic
C) value attainment
D) equity
E) met expectation

Question 57

Claire works for Content Consultants.She telecommutes and has great flexibility in her work schedule.In return,Content Consultants expects to have satisfied clients who hire them again.Claire receives consistently high evaluations.Despite that,the company now wants her to work out of the main office.Claire feels that Content Consultants has breached a(n)

A) employee engagement.
B) job involvement.
C) organizational citizenship behavior.
D) psychological contract.
E) cognitive expectation.

Question 58

Eleanor wants to be sure that the final team project in a senior capstone course is of top quality.Jerome,another team member,just wants to get it done quickly.Using Alzen's model,what can Eleanor do to try and encourage Jerome to work hard?

A) Create a positive attitude.
B) Use emotional blackmail.
C) Show behavioral intent.
D) Express emotional dissonance.
E) Enforce cognitive dissonance.

Question 59

Which of the following is not a key workplace attitude that managers should track?

A) job satisfaction
B) employee engagement
C) perceived organizational support
D) organizational commitment
E) turnover

Question 60

______ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals.

A) Perceived organizational support
B) Organizational commitment
C) Organizational satisfaction
D) Job involvement
E) Job satisfaction

Question 61

As demonstrated by research,___________ is positively related to organizational citizenship behavior.

A) higher performance ratings and lower organizational costs
B) higher performance ratings and higher turnover
C) lower customer satisfaction and lower turnover
D) higher absenteeism and turnover
E) lower efficiency and higher customer satisfaction

Question 62

According to research,the relationship between job performance and job satisfaction is best summarized by which of the following statements?

A) Higher levels of job satisfaction lead to higher job performance.
B) Higher levels of job performance lead to higher job satisfaction.
C) Both variables indirectly influence each other.
D) These variables are both caused by personality factors.
E) There is no relationship between job performance and job satisfaction.

Question 63

Letitia reports to work at Apex Inc.This is her first day.Human resources tells Letitia to report to a conference room so that she can review the company's mission statement and policies,go over her job description,and learn about the technology systems in use.This type of experience is an ______ program.

A) incoming
B) onboarding
C) involvement
D) introductory
E) engagement

Question 64

Counterproductive work behavior (CWB)harms other employees,the organization as a whole,and/or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders.Which of the following is an example of CWB?

A) constantly arriving late for meetings
B) gossiping about a co-worker
C) presenting poor financial results at the quarterly meeting
D) checking social media at work
E) putting lunch with a friend on your expense account

Question 65

Which of the following is not a suggestion for managers who want to reduce voluntary turnover?

A) Foster employee engagement.
B) Create effective orientation programs.
C) Reward all employees equally.
D) Hire people who "fit" the organization's culture.
E) Provide clear expectations of the job.

Question 66

Explain Schwartz's model of values.Identify two of your own values.Are these values adjacent,farther apart or opposing? Describe a situation that you faced and how your resolution reflects these values.

Question 67

Luis has just learned that Brian,who has less experience and who does less work,receives a higher salary.Since learning this,Luis has been very unhappy and has started to look for another job.What model of job satisfaction best explains Luis's reactions?

A) dispositional components
B) value attainment
C) met expectations
D) need fulfillment
E) equity

Question 68

______ is an individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting.

A) Withdrawal attitudes
B) Withdrawal cognitions
C) Withdrawal values
D) Cognitive dissonance
E) Psychological dissonance

Question 69

Kim lives and works in a small town,even though she prefers life in a bigger city.She is quite dissatisfied with her current job and is thinking of leaving the organization.She is worried,however,about her ability to find other employment that pays as well as her current job.Additionally,she is concerned about finding another organization that offers college tuition reimbursement.Based on this information,Kim is experiencing

A) inequity.
B) withdrawal cognitions.
C) emotional detachment.
D) affective dissonance.
E) unmet expectations.

Question 70

Jason is working at Sushow Motors.The position,as originally described,involved conducting research with customers.Instead,Jason is answering phones and filing.He's very unhappy and thinks he should find another job.This thought process is

A) withdrawal cognitions.
B) employee review.
C) perceived stress.
D) organizational behavior.
E) job dissatisfaction.

Question 71

Juliet often takes office supplies home for her personal use.This is an example of A.OC
B)COW.
C)CW
D)POS.
E)EEG.

A) OC
B) COW.
C) CW

Question 72

Discretionary individual behavior that promotes the effective functioning of the organization is called organizational citizenship behavior.______ is an example of OC B.

A)Expressing criticism of management decisions
B)Focusing on your job and letting other people handle their projects
C)Allowing new staff to learn about the company on their own
D)Respecting the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules
E)Usually attending staff meetings on time

Question 73

________ are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior.

A) Attitudes
B) Values
C) Cognitions
D) Needs
E) Expectations

Question 74

_________ is the psychological process that arouses our interest in doing something.

A) Involvement
B) Engagement
C) Motivation
D) Citizenship
E) Commitment

Question 75

Genevieve is a very religious person who does volunteer work for her church on weekends.When it came to selecting who would chair the United Fund drive for the department,her manager immediately thought of her and asked her to serve.The manager's action reflects the __________ model of job satisfaction.

A) dispositional components
B) value attainment
C) met expectations
D) need fulfillment
E) equity

Question 76

Elaine often volunteers to help others when they run into problems with their projects.She is very positive,always on time,and never calls in sick.Exhibiting ________ is likely to create positive impressions among Elaine's colleagues and manager.

A) TPB
B) CWB
C) OCB
D) POS
E) OB

Question 77

Kiki is a manager of a small boutique gift store.She only has two employees,Tim and Sandra.Tim is a part-time student and is happy with the amount of work he has at the store.Sandra works full-time,but seems to be less interested and increasingly remote at work.Kiki asks Sandra if anything is wrong,and Sandra says she is bored and thinking of leaving. Kiki knows that Sandra paints as a hobby and suggests that she might want to take over the store and window displays.Sandra is really excited about the opportunity.This is an example of a manager who is

A) focusing on customer service.
B) motivated to move up in the organization.
C) addressing the employee's stress levels.
D) enhancing the employee's job satisfaction.
E) confronting an employee about her problems.

Question 78

______ is one element that allows employees to balance their work lives and family lives.

A) Flextime
B) Telecommuting
C) Stress management
D) Job involvement
E) Cognitive dissonance

Question 79

Mason is highly satisfied with his job.He receives consistently strong evaluations and volunteers to train new employees.Mason exhibits positive job performance and

A) community involvement.
B) organizational citizenship behaviors.
C) genetic components.
D) withdrawal cognitions.
E) personal motivation.

Question 80

The _________ model suggests that managers should structure the work environment and rewards to match employees.

A) met expectations
B) need fulfillment
C) equity
D) value attainment
E) dispositional components