Deck 4: Attitudes and Values in Human Relations

Question 1

Giving two negative messages for every positive one is the best way to improve a person's attitude.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Your attitudes toward people are the result of the beliefs and feelings you have about yourself and about other people.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

People with personal control believe that they are responsible for their own situations and life events.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

When giving attitude-improving feedback, you should deal with opinions and judgments.

Question 5

Marion received poor grades in a recent examination. She believes that she was plain unlucky. Marion is a person with an internal locus of control.

Question 6

Attitudes range along a scale from positive to negative, and changes very much over time.

Question 7

A person with a positive attitude is more likely to have an external locus of control than a person with a negative attitude.

Question 8

Happiness is directly proportional to a person's age.

Question 9

The giver of feedback should try to strike a balance between negative and positive feedback.

Question 10

When someone else controls your choices, either large or small, your happiness will probably increase.

Question 11

Conflicts between employees, as well as between managers and employees, can be based on differences in values.

Question 12

When job satisfaction is very high, employees are less likely to be absent for unexcused reasons.

Question 13

Good working conditions are sufficient to create high job satisfaction among employees.

Question 14

Positive attitude is a position resulting from healthy self-esteem, optimism, extraversion, and personal control.

Question 15

Organization citizenship behavior is an attitude of willingness to go above and beyond the behaviors that are generally associated with life in a workplace.

Question 16

Values exist not only within individuals, but in organizations as well.

Question 17

Organization citizenship behavior is an attitude in itself.

Question 18

Feeling hopeless leads to feeling helpless, which leads to giving up.

Question 19

A person's satisfaction with work is directly related to his or her attitude.

Question 20

Self-esteem is the worth or importance you attach to different factors in your life.

Question 21

A corporate culture is a system of shared values throughout any given company or other organization.

Question 22

Interpersonal and internal conflicts can result in cognitive dissonance.

Question 23

Terminal values reflect the ways you prefer to behave.

Question 24

Which of the following is true about happiness?

A)A person can choose to be happy by having a positive attitude.
B)Happiness is primarily based on a person's age.
C)Happiness is primarily based on traditional factors, such as occupation and wealth.
D)An introvert is always happy with life.

Question 25

Values conflicts often involve a clash between the individual and the group.

Question 26

According to the statistics expert Daniel Yankelovich's study, the Americans now insist much more strongly that jobs become more impersonal.

Question 27

In a group, if you are outnumbered greatly, changing the group values is possible but very unlikely.

Question 28

Instrumental values are more likely to maintain a high priority throughout your life as compared to terminal values.

Question 29

A healthy self-esteem is most likely to be accompanied by a(n):

A)external locus of control.
B)positive attitude.
C)pessimistic attitude.
D)conditional positive regard.

Question 30

When people experience cognitive dissonance, they always move toward trying to make actions consistent with values and beliefs.

Question 31

A positive attitude is best described as a(n):

A)almost perfect mutual empathy that two people feel for each other.
B)feeling of oneness with an activity that allows an individual to uniquely experience an event or activity.
C)position resulting from healthy self-esteem, optimism, extraversion, and personal control.
D)pleasure in performing the process of an activity itself, rather than achieving the goal.

Question 32

When you are dealing with people from other cultures, you will tend to find differences in their views of power and authority.

Question 33

Attitudes are primarily tied to a person's:

A)self-esteem.
B)age.
C)ideal self.
D)wealth.

Question 34

Instrumental values help you reach your goals, while terminal values are those goals.

Question 35

Values conflict commonly happens when one set of values clashes with another, and a decision has to be made very quickly.

Question 36

The widespread use of the Internet has failed to make an impact on the traditional values.

Question 37

When people refer to attitudes, they are referring to values.

Question 38

An attitude is best described as:

A)a perception about one's expectations and ambitions.
B)an evaluation of people, ideas, issues, situations, or objects.
C)the ability to act and make decisions on one's own without any undue interference.
D)the quality of a person to persuade others to follow a particular set of values.

Question 39

The place and time period of the first few years of most people's lives have a great effect on the formation of values.

Question 40

Cognitive dissonance is the emotional state that results from acting in ways that contradict one's beliefs or other actions.

Question 41

Jim is an introvert who takes a pessimistic view of life. Which of the following is most likely to be true of Jim?

A)He is better equipped to cope with problems as compared to optimists.
B)His focus is likely to be on his negative feelings instead of on solving his problems.
C)He is more likely to accept the existence of problems.
D)His behavior is likely to be directed outward toward others.

Question 42

Which of the following best describes organizational citizenship behavior?

A)It is an attitude of willingness to go above and beyond the behaviors that are generally associated with life in the workplace.
B)It is an attitude that results from healthy self-esteem, optimism, extraversion, and personal control.
C)It is the ability of one person to influence another person in the workplace.
D)It is the tendency of a person to justify unethical behavior with excuses.

Question 43

Which of the following best exemplifies organizational citizenship behavior?

A)The management at Azalea Florists offers extra bonuses to all employees who volunteered for the community marathon for health awareness.
B)Pam, a new employee at Azalea Florists, requests the HR manager for detailed information on the leave and health benefits in order to organize her plans for the year.
C)Zelda, the accounting head at Azalea Florists, teaches English to some of her Spanish-speaking colleagues who find it difficult to manage English-speaking customers.
D)Earl Young, the new HR manager at Azalea Florists, suggests that a crèche be opened within office premises to help employees with young children.

Question 44

_____ are the worth or importance you attach to different factors in your life.

A)Values
B)Attitudes
C)Perceptions
D)Beliefs

Question 45

David Myers identified "positive attitude" as a:

A)stage resulting from an internal locus of control and unconditional positive regard.
B)stage resulting from an external locus of control and conditional positive regard.
C)position resulting from healthy self-esteem, optimism, introversion, and personal control.
D)position resulting from healthy self-esteem, optimism, extraversion, and personal control.

Question 46

According to David Myers, you can best achieve a positive attitude by:

A)fulfilling expectations of people around you.
B)acting happy and developing an internal locus of control.
C)having at least one peak communication with someone everyday.
D)being critical and establishing an external locus of control.

Question 47

To help job attitudes, an employer should:

A)provide mentally challenging work that is difficult to manage.
B)encourage employees to develop an external locus of control.
C)encourage employees to develop personal interest in their work.
D)make accomplishing goals challenging.

Question 48

Which of the following is a guideline that you should follow when giving attitude-improving feedback?

A)You should deal with facts rather than opinions.
B)You should stress on the development of an external locus of control.
C)You should deal with judgments rather than descriptions.
D)You should stress on the development of a pessimistic temperament.

Question 49

Gina, a customer care executive, is an introvert who prefers to keep to herself. Her attitude has negatively affected the image of her company. Gina's supervisor has decided to give her feedback on how to improve her attitude. Which of the following feedback is likely to be most effective in changing Gina's attitude?

A)"I think you are not fit for this job."
B)"Why don't you change your attitude?"
C)"Why don't you try being more friendly with your customers?"
D)"In my opinion, you need to be more sensitive toward others and not be self-absorbed all the time."

Question 50

When giving attitude-improving feedback, you should:

A)deal with opinions rather than facts.
B)stress on the development of an external locus of control.
C)deal with descriptions rather than judgments.
D)stress on the development of an introvert temperament.

Question 51

Statistics expert Daniel Yankelovich believes that _____ give Americans a certain amount of self-esteem, a fairly clear idea of who they are.

A)middle-class values
B)terminal values
C)egocentric values
D)affiliation needs

Question 52

Which of the following is most likely to have a positive effect on job attitudes?

A)Mentally challenging work that is extremely demanding
B)Training programs for increasing the external locus of employees
C)Rewards that are in line with an individual's ambition
D)Work conditions that make accomplishing goals challenging

Question 53

Which of the following statements is true about values and attitudes?

A)Attitudes are inborn and values are developed on the basis of observation and attitudes.
B)Attitudes are much deeper than values and they often conflict with the former.
C)Values and attitudes are two different names for the same set of perceptions.
D)Values affect attitudes, and values conflicts with other people involve attitude problems.

Question 54

Mark tends to deny that there are problems that he needs to rectify in his life. In difficult situations, Mark focuses on his negative feelings instead of solving the problem at hand. Which of the following is true of Mark?

A)Mark is a pessimist.
B)Mark is an extravert.
C)Mark has an internal locus of control.
D)Mark has Theory X assumptions.

Question 55

According to Daniel Yankelovich, which of the following is one of the value patterns that have emerged among Americans since the early 1970s?

A)Americans now strongly value character over personality.
B)Leisure time is more valued, mostly because it has become a rarer commodity.
C)The nature of a person's paid job is less significant.
D)Americans now insist much more strongly that jobs become more impersonal.

Question 56

As compared to pessimists, optimists are more likely to:

A)fall ill.
B)deny the existence of problems in their lives.
C)have a stronger external locus of control.
D)be better at coping with their problems.

Question 57

Which of the following best describes values?

A)It is the evaluation of people, ideas, issues, situations, or objects.
B)It is the way people conceive or see themselves.
C)It is the worth or importance people attach to different factors in their life.
D)It is the awareness of reality, which allows people to ponder and reflect.

Question 58

A system built up with shared values throughout any given company or other organization is known as:

A)organization harmony.
B)corporate governance.
C)corporate culture.
D)organizational behavior.

Question 59

Happy people can plan and manage their time well primarily because:

A)they believe in luck, fate, or chance.
B)they have a very positive looking-glass self.
C)they have an internal locus of control.
D)they derive their purpose from pleasing others.

Question 60

Which of the following is a characteristic that most happy people have in common?

A)A challenging occupation
B)A wealthy lifestyle
C)A belief in destiny
D)An outgoing personality

Question 61

The three value areas identified by Daniel Yankelovich have created more emphasis on:

A)reducing individual freedom of choice.
B)a movement away from flexible work systems toward rigid work systems.
C)a desire to live more closely with nature and community.
D)the autocratic style of management.

Question 62

A(n) _____ is information given to people either on how well they are performing a task, or on how clearly they are being understood.

Question 63

Which of the following statements is a defining feature of terminal values?

A)They help you reach your goals.
B)They are end-point ideal values.
C)They are everyday action-directed attitudes.
D)They reflect the ways you prefer to behave.

Question 64

Job performance leads to job ____, rather than vice versa.

Question 65

What are instrumental values?

A)Values that are likely to maintain a high priority throughout your life
B)Values that reflect the ways you prefer to behave
C)Values that typically cause cognitive dissonance
D)Values that are goals in themselves

Question 66

A(n) _____ is an evaluation of people, ideas, issues, situations, or objects.

Question 67

Which of the following is a difference between terminal values and instrumental values?

A)Instrumental values are likely to maintain high priority throughout your life, whereas terminal values are short-term goals with little significance.
B)Instrumental values are end-point ideal values, whereas terminal values are everyday action-directed values.
C)Terminal values are goals that you want to accomplish during your life time, whereas instrumental values are related to long-term goals that you want to accomplish.
D)Terminal values help you reach your goals, whereas instrumental values are those goals you want to reach through the terminal values.

Question 68

Which of the following is an instrumental value?

A)Family security
B)Equal opportunity
C)An enjoyable life
D)Open-mindedness

Question 69

Sydney is against all forms of cheating and works diligently for her semester examinations. But during her financial accounting paper, she seeks help from her classmate. How is this behavior most likely to affect Sydney?

A)It could lead to cognitive dissonance.
B)It could weaken Sydney's external locus of control.
C)It could lead to content conflict.
D)It could strengthen Sydney's internal locus of control.

Question 70

Which of the following is a defining feature of instrumental values?

A)They are based on your actions and attitudes.
B)They typically maintain high priority throughout your life.
C)They are related to long-term goals.
D)They are the goals you want to achieve during your lifetime.

Question 71

Someone who believes that other people, luck, chance, or fate are in charge of the events in his/her life is said to have a(n) _____ locus of control.

Question 72

The values of _____ were most affected by radio networks.

A)generation Y
B)pre-baby boomers
C)baby boomers
D)generation X

Question 73

According to the famous psychiatrist Carl Jung, behavior of _____ is directed to the objects in the external world.

Question 74

A(n) _____ is an outgoing person whose behavior is directed outward toward others.

Question 75

Which of the following is a terminal value?

A)Cleanliness
B)Politeness
C)Social respect
D)Intelligence

Question 76

When giving attitude-improving feedback, you should deal with facts rather than opinions, and _____ rather than judgments.

Question 77

The most dangerous kind of pessimism is ____.

Question 78

A person with a positive attitude is more likely to have a(n) _____ locus of control.

Question 79

According to Dr. David
G. Myers, one can develop a positive attitude by ____.

Question 80

An attitude has three parts: thoughts, ____, and actions.