Deck 9: Intelligence and Its Measurement

Question 1

In her Meet an Assessment Professional essay,Dr.Rebecca Anderson noted that in the psychological reports that she writes,she

A) lists resources (such as Internet sites) relative to the child's deficiency.
B) often omits the summary section in favor of more detailed recommendations.
C) includes the name and degrees of all the people who contributed to the report.
D) provides synopses of student visits to the school guidance counselor office.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In discussing the role of personality in the measured intelligence of infants,the term _____ is typically substituted for "personality."

A) "sensory ability"
B) "mood-related variables"
C) "temperament"
D) "alerting response"

Answer 2

C

Question 3

"In truth,intelligence has become ...a word with so many meanings that finally it has none." This is a quote from

A)E.L.Thorndike.
B)E.G.Boring.
C)Francis Galton.
D)Charles Spearman.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Convergent thinking refers to

A) an inductive reasoning process.
B) a deductive reasoning process.
C) a vertical thinking process.
D) a lateral thinking process.

Question 5

Which statement is TRUE about creativity and its measurement?

A) Creativity is measured by most intelligence tests.
B) Measures of creativity may be thought of as tools for assessing aspects of intellectual functioning.
C) Measurement of creativity tends to emphasize convergent thinking skills in the subtest content.
D) Measuring creativity is analogous to measuring madness (or psychopathology).

Question 6

Tests of intelligence are typically administered to older adults for all of the following purposes EXCEPT:

A) educational placement.
B) diagnosis of clinical disorders.
C) neuropsychological assessment.
D) vocational planning.

Question 7

Kallikaks is to Goddard as Jukes is to

A) Pearson.
B) Jensen.
C) Shockley.
D) Dugdale.

Question 8

A computerized test administration begins with moderately difficult test items.Then,depending on the test-taker's performance,easier or more difficult items are presented.This method of testing is termed

A) personalized testing.
B) culture-fair testing.
C) biased testing.
D) adaptive testing.

Question 9

Ability tests should include questions at the examinee's optimal level of difficulty because such questions

A) help maintain the examinee's interest.
B) minimize the potential for examinee fatigue.
C) allow the test user to collect the maximum amount of information in the minimum amount of time.
D) All of these

Question 10

Exploratory factor analysis is used for all of the following EXCEPT:

A) summarizing large data sets efficiently.
B) determining the number of dimensions present in the data.
C) determining which items correlate with which dimensions in the data.
D) determining whether one factor causes the appearance of another.

Question 11

With reference to intelligence testing,the term ceiling is best associated with the

A) most difficult items of a subtest for an individual testtaker.
B) level of difficulty beyond which a test is no longer valid.
C) data-based judgment of the highest end of a test's confidence interval.
D) element of the test environment that may contain recessed lighting.

Question 12

Intelligence may be assessed at various stages in the life span and

A) the purpose of assessing intelligence is exactly the same at all ages.
B) the exact same behaviors are assessed at all ages.
C) different behaviors are assessed at different ages.
D) the later in life, the more difficult the assessment.

Question 13

Generally speaking,the use of human figure drawings to measure intelligence is

A) indicated when a need exists to predict cognitive functioning in the upcoming school year.
B) recommended when a need exists for the fastest possible estimate of intellectual ability.
C) mandatory when the testtaker is from a culture different than that where the assessment is being conducted.
D) not recommended.

Question 14

Who defined intelligence as "the degree of availability of one's experiences for the solution of present problems and the anticipation of future ones?"

A) David Wechsler
B) Robert Sternberg
C) Henry Goddard
D) Jean Piaget

Question 15

The term cross-battery assessment refers to

A) the selective use of subtests from different test batteries.
B) the use of multiple test batteries in assessment.
C) the use of culturally responsive tools of assessment.
D) using physical tests in combination with psychological tests.

Question 16

A concept that is characterized in your text as "at the crossroad of intelligence and personality" is

A) sensory discrimination.
B) reaction time.
C) street efficacy.
D) general intellectual ability.

Question 17

Researchers have tried to define intelligence using physical means such as

A) cerebral glucose metabolism studies.
B) brain physiology studies.
C) brain mapping studies.
D) All of these

Question 18

An assumption in factor analysis is that

A) correlation does not necessarily imply causation.
B) a single latent trait exists.
C) things that co-occur tend to have a common cause.
D) factors must be properly named if the analysis of the data is to be actionable.

Question 19

An individual who aspires to a career in the military is MOST likely to take the

A) ASVAB
B) OLSAT
C) WAIS-R
D) SB-5

Question 20

Confirmatory factor analysis differs from exploratory factor analysis in that confirmatory factor analysis

A) cannot be used with large numbers of tests.
B) can be used with personality as well as cognitive ability data.
C) reduces experimenter bias.
D) None of these

Question 21

The ASVAB is

A) administered in schools.
B) administered in recruiting stations.
C) the most widely used multiple-aptitude test in the United States.
D) All of these

Question 22

Which would NOT be considered extra-test behavior on the part of a testtaker?

A) dozing-off during a reading comprehension subtest
B) pressing down extremely hard on the pencil when writing
C) laughing aloud every time an easy item was encountered
D) responding to the examiner's questions

Question 23

A lay person asks a psychologist,"What is intelligence" Based on the text,what would be the psychologist's BEST response?

A) "A multifaceted construct that is primarily determined by the environment and, in general, includes a person's ability to appropriately and effectively care for himself or herself and interact reasonably with others."
B) "An unobservable trait whose meaning researchers have failed to agree on, and which, consequently, has no relevance to an understanding human behavior."
C) "A multifaceted construct influenced by heredity and environment that, in general, is related to verbal, quantitative, social, and problem-solving abilities."
D) "I'm sorry, could you repeat the question?"

Question 24

Unusual responses on the part of a testtaker during the "Memory for Sentences" subtest of the SB-5 may cue the examiner to

A) hearing problems on the part of the examinee.
B) the examiner's own speech or hearing problems.
C) extraneous noise in the test environment affecting the test results.
D) None of these

Question 25

Described in your textbook as an "unsatisfactory,incomplete,and circular definition," ________ defined intelligence as "what the tests test."

A) Francis Galton
B) Jean Piaget
C) Kevin S. McGrew
D) Edwin
G) Boring

Question 26

When administering an individual test of intelligence,the examiner is alert to

A) cues that the examinee is not alert.
B) ways that the examinee copes with frustration.
C) how cooperative the examinee appears to be.
D) All of these

Question 27

A ratio IQ is calculated as follows:

A) mental age multiplied by chronological age, divided by 100.
B) chronological age divided by mental age, multiplied by 100.
C) mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.
D) deviation IQ divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.

Question 28

Neisser (1979)argued that intelligence

A) does not exist.
B) has no boundary with personality.
C) cannot be measured.
D) cannot be explicitly defined.

Question 29

The deviation IQ reflects a comparison of the performance of the individual with the performance of others

A) in the entire standardization sample.
B) in the same grade in the standardization sample.
C) of the same age in the standardization sample.
D) in the same grade and of the same age in the standardization sample.

Question 30

Many questions concerning intelligence are still being debated.In general,however,scholars are MOST likely to agree that

A) the construct of intelligence has proven to be valuable to psychologists in their efforts to understand and predict human behavior.
B) the construct of intelligence has not proven to be useful in helping psychologists understand or predict human behavior.
C) intelligence tests have been shown to be of minimal value in non-clinical settings.
D) intelligence tests have proven their utility in political campaigns where they are routinely used to screen candidates.

Question 31

Which of the following tests is used by the U.S.Navy as an admissions test to Officer Candidate School?

A) the AFQT
B) the Airman Qualifying Exam
C) the OLSAT
D) the Officer Qualifying Test

Question 32

Which term does NOT belong with the others?

A) adaptive testing
B) tailored testing
C) response-contingent testing
D) mastery testing

Question 33

On a test of intelligence,teaching items are

A) designed to illustrate the task required.
B) assure the examinee that the examiner knows what he or she is doing.
C) not formally scored.
D) Both designed to illustrate the task required and not formally scored.

Question 34

A point scale contains items organized

A) by the number of points earned by responding in a way that is keyed correct.
B) into subtests by categories.
C) by subtests worth an increasing number of points.
D) into categories worth an increasing number of points.

Question 35

Which is TRUE of the debate over the definition of intelligence?

A) The debate has been ongoing almost since tests of intelligence were devised.
B) A resolution of sorts occurred in 1921 in the wake of the famous Symposium on Intelligence.
C) The debate began in earnest in the 1970s after federal laws requiring the use of IQ tests were passed.
D) The debate was quelled in the 1990s with the publication of The Bell Curve.

Question 36

The purpose of a routing test is to direct assessees to

A) test items at an optimal level of difficulty.
B) test items that they are most likely to pass.
C) the subtest that will engage them most in the task.
D) All of these

Question 37

The most widely used multiple aptitude test in the United States today is

A) the GATB.
B) the ASVAB.
C) the AGCT.
D) the DAS.

Question 38

David Wechsler

A) formally retired in 2016.
B) died in 1981.
C) celebrated his 90^th birthday in 1998.
D) celebrated the publication of the WISC-R at Denny's.

Question 39

All of the following are examples of extra-test behavior on an ability test EXCEPT:

A) the way that a testtaker appears to cope with frustration.
B) whether or not a response selected is the correct answer.
C) how fatigued or distractible a testtaker appears to be.
D) an indication of cheating while the test is in progress.

Question 40

What conclusion concerning intelligence could reasonably be drawn based on the 1921 symposium published in the Journal of Educational Psychology

A) Experts tend to agree on the basic elements of what intelligence is.
B) Intelligence is best measured by group rather than individual tests.
C) Intelligence consists of a general factor and a number of specific factors.
D) None of these

Question 41

All of the following are true of Cattell's two-factor theory of intelligence EXCEPT:

A) The abilities that constitute fluid intelligence are nonverbal and independent of specific instruction.
B) Crystallized intelligence is relatively culture-free.
C) Crystallized intelligence develops through one's use of fluid intelligence.
D) Crystallized intelligence includes acquired skills and knowledge such as vocabulary.

Question 42

According to Piaget,one of the basic mental operations through which learning occurs is assimilation,which is defined as

A) organizing new information so that it fits with existing information.
B) changing existing information so that it fits with existing information.
C) changing new information so that it fits with existing information.
D) rejecting existing information that does not fit with new information.

Question 43

Crystallized intelligence includes

A) application of general knowledge.
B) nonverbal abilities.
C) sensory abilities.
D) All of these

Question 44

A school psychologist strongly believes a particular child is in need of special services.Considering the Flynn effect,the psychologist employs which of the following tests of intelligence to bolster the case for special services?

A) the test with the oldest possible norms available
B) the most recently normed test available
C) the Flynn Intelligence Test (FIT)
D) a Wechsler test designed primarily for use with adults

Question 45

According to Jean Piaget's developmental theory,the process of cognitive development occurs solely as a result of

A) maturation.
B) learning.
C) motivation.
D) None of these

Question 46

According to Horn,visual processing abilities

A) exemplify vulnerable abilities.
B) increase metaphorically with age.
C) can be impaired by reading in dim light.
D) None of these

Question 47

Binet believed that the primary purpose of an intelligence test was to assist the test user in the process of

A) classification.
B) measurement.
C) prediction.
D) data collection.

Question 48

The Flynn effect is characterized by

A) an average rise in measured intelligence each year from the year a test was normed.
B) an average decline in measured intelligence each year from the year that a test was normed.
C) fluctuating scores in measured intelligence as a presumed function of different dominant sources of variance.
D) a testtaker's unexpected manipulation of a number 2 pencil as if it was a sword.

Question 49

The magnitude of the Flynn effect typically depends MOST on

A) the population on whom the test was normed.
B) the model of intelligence employed by the test developers.
C) when the test was normed.
D) the methods used by the test developers to norm the test.

Question 50

A major thread running through the theories of Binet,Wechsler,and Piaget is the concept of interactionism.In this context,interactionism refers to

A) interaction between mind and body.
B) members of different professions working together.
C) interaction between heredity and environment.
D) neurochemical interactions that occur during new learning.

Question 51

Children's intelligence is assessed primarily for

A) vocational placement and planning.
B) academic research and planning.
C) behavioral research and planning.
D) educational placement and planning.

Question 52

The theories of intelligence advanced by Guilford,Thurstone,and Cattell,are all

A) single-factor models.
B) information processing models.
C) factor-analytic models.
D) "runway models."

Question 53

It is MOST probable that Binet,Wechsler,and Piaget would all agree with which of the following statements?

A) "Heredity, not environment, is the determining factor in intelligence."
B) "Environment, not heredity is the determining factor intelligence."
C) "Heredity and environment interact to influence the development of intelligence, although a person has an unlimited genetic potential."
D) "Heredity and environment interact to influence the development of intelligence, but a person may not exceed his or her genetic potential."

Question 54

Logical-mathematical and bodily-kinesthetic are two terms best associated with the theory of intelligence advanced by

A) Guilford.
B) Thurstone.
C) Gardner.
D) Wechsler.

Question 55

Galton's conception of intelligence focused on

A) sensory abilities.
B) environmental factors.
C) behavioral assets and deficits.
D) consistency of the bonds that can be established.

Question 56

Horn referred to intellectual abilities that decline with age as

A) "maintained."
B) "vulnerable."
C) "neuromuscular."
D) "degenerative."

Question 57

Carroll's three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities is referred to as which type of model of cognitive functioning?

A) an experimental model
B) an information processing model
C) a hierarchical model
D) a stratum-like model

Question 58

Who first hypothesized that the proportion of the variance that a number of tests have in common accounts for a general factor of intelligence?

A) Pearson
B) Piaget
C) Spearman
D) Galton

Question 59

The concepts of social intelligence,concrete intelligence,and abstract intelligence are collectively best associated with which theorist?

A) Thorndike
B) Carroll
C) Cattell
D) Horn

Question 60

The Flynn Effect has relevance in discussions of the death penalty,especially since the Supreme Court decision in the case of

A) Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California.
B) Jaffee v. Redmond.
C) Grutter v. Bollinger.
D) Atkins v. Virginia.

Question 61

A school psychologist assesses a child's intelligence.In a psychological report,the psychologist explains the child's cognitive ability in terms of the manner in which she processes information and solves problems.From this report,it would seem that this school psychologist is relying on

A) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
B) Spearman's two-factor theory.
C) an information-processing approach.
D) a discrepancy between verbal and performance measures.

Question 62

The general (g)factor in intelligence refers to

A) all that measured in common by varied valid tests of intelligence.
B) the specific factors assessed by different intelligence tests.
C) the iconic influence of Galton on the definition of that construct.
D) all of the variance in measured intelligence that is genetic in nature.

Question 63

What is the main difference between the information-processing view and the traditional view of intelligence?

A) The information-processing view focuses more on how the brain processes information.
B) The information-processing view has not yet led researchers to the development of useful assessment tools.
C) The information-processing view focuses more on separate and independent intellectual abilities, such as musical and mechanical skills.
D) The information-processing view assumes that intelligence is environmentally determined.

Question 64

Ways of reducing the culture loading of a test include the

A) use of oral instructions instead of printed instructions.
B) prohibition of practice items.
C) employment of computer-adaptive scoring.
D) All of these

Question 65

According to your text,which is TRUE of the CRUST?

A) It is a valid measure of intelligence for those in middle- to high-income groups.
B) It was developed as a tongue-in-cheek intelligence test for the culturally advantaged.
C) It can be used with members of minority groups as well as the majority group.
D) It was originally devised as a culture-free intelligence test for immigrants from the Czech Republic.

Question 66

In spite of its acronym,which is TRUE of the BITCH?

A) It is a standardized test used widely by municipal fire departments as an employment screening device.
B) It was developed as a culture-free measure of intelligence for inner-city youth.
C) It has more entertainment value than applied value.
D) It is still in use in some school districts today as a low-budget test of choice.

Question 67

To root out any possible cultural bias in the development of the WAIS-IV,

A) experts from 120 cultures were administered a preliminary version of the test.
B) all test items were specifically reviewed for cultural bias.
C) all test items were administered in ethnically diverse communities.
D) experts from 120 cultures participated in focus groups to analyze each of the test items.

Question 68

Which of the following is omitted from the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model as modified by McGrew and Flanagan?

A) quantitative ability
B) memory
C) general intellectual ability
D) eye-hand coordination

Question 69

McGrew and Flanagan's version of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model was originally intended for use in

A) pediatric rehabilitative applications.
B) neuropsychological applications.
C) comparative psychology applications.
D) psychoeducational applications.

Question 70

The McGrew and Flanagan version of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model is designed to assess abilities

A) by means of one comprehensive and integrative test.
B) through the use a variety of tests from different test batteries.
C) with adjunctive use of interviews and the case study method.
D) primarily by means of behavioral observation.

Question 71

McGrew and Flanagan's version of CHC theory has its greatest value

A) as a theory of cognitive abilities with empirical support.
B) from a research perspective.
C) from the standpoint of cost-to-implement.
D) as a theory from which all other theories can be improved.

Question 72

Howard Gardner's work on "multiple intelligences" is most similar to whose model of intelligence?

A) Binet
B) Galton
C) Piaget
D) Guilford

Question 73

McGrew and Flanagan based their definitions of many of the broad and narrow abilities on the writings of

A) Thurstone.
B) Horn.
C) Cattell.
D) Carroll.

Question 74

Which of the following tests employed by the Army during World War I was MOST likely to be as "culture-fair" as possible?

A) the Army Alpha Test
B) the Army Beta
C) the AGCT
D) the ASVAB

Question 75

Research cited in your textbook told of Zambian and English research subjects who were tested on a model reconstruction task using paper,clay,or wire.This research illustrated the importance of raising questions about

A) the validity of a test with regard to members of specific cultural populations.
B) the reliability of a test with regard to members of specific cultural populations.
C) the danger of using specific materials, such as wire, with testtakers who have never manipulated them.
D) the cautions that need to be verbalized prior to any assessment situation.

Question 76

Which statement would Wechsler and Binet MOST likely agree on?

A) Intelligence develops primarily through heredity.
B) Intelligence comprises cognitive abilities that develop through several invariant stages.
C) Considerations regarding personality must be included in any comprehensive assessment of intelligence.
D) There is no more important ability to assess than perceptual-motor ability.

Question 77

According to a theory of intelligence that emphasizes the centrality g,a factor analysis of any intelligence test widely viewed as valid would be expected to yield

A) one large common factor.
B) three factors of approximately equal size.
C) a large number of small factors, but no large factor.
D) a verbal factor and a performance factor.

Question 78

"VPR" refers to a model of the structure of mental abilities

A) that was first conceived of by Francis Galton.
B) with a g factor that contributes to several abilities.
C) that is presumed to have no basis in genetics.
D) built into the operating system of a "smart car."

Question 79

Spearman proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence consisting of which two factors?

A) general and specific intelligence
B) creative and fixed intelligence
C) long-term and short-term memory
D) learned and inherited intelligence

Question 80

Culture-specific tests of intelligence

A) have been empirically demonstrated to be a more valid measure of intellectual development of minority group members than conventional tests.
B) are most useful for predicting employment success when administered to prospective job applicants who are members of minority groups.
C) are usually normed exclusively on majority group members.
D) None of these