Deck 4: Atoms and Elements

Question 1

The nucleus of an atom is a very small,dense region that contains over 99.9% of the atomic mass.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The plum pudding model proposed that negatively charged electrons were held in a sphere of positive charge.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

John Dalton was the first person recorded as thinking that matter was ultimately composed of atoms.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The mass of a proton is exactly the same as the mass of a neutron.

Question 5

If two atoms each contain different numbers of protons,the atoms must be from different elements.

Question 6

The gold foil experiment proved that large regions of the atoms consisted of empty space.

Question 7

An atom containing 8 protons,9 neutrons,and 8 electrons would be considered charge-neutral.

Question 8

Ernest Rutherford proved the existence of electrons.

Question 9

The atom is the fundamental building block of everything we hear,feel,see,and experience.

Question 10

The charges on electrons and neutrons cancel each other to give neutral atoms.

Question 11

The smell of the ocean is caused by atoms.

Question 12

John Dalton formalized an atomic theory that gained acceptance in the early 19th century.

Question 13

J.J.Thomson discovered the existence of protons.

Question 14

A positive charge attracts negative charges and repels other positive charges.

Question 15

You can continually divide matter into smaller and smaller pieces without ever coming to an end.

Question 16

An atom is the smallest identifiable unit of a compound.

Question 17

Protons and neutrons have similar masses and similar electrical charges.

Question 18

All of the positive charge of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

Question 19

Protons and electrons each have a mass of 1 amu.

Question 20

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus defines the element.

Question 21

Mendeleev's early periodic table predicted the existence of elements that had yet to be discovered.

Question 22

The relative amount of each different isotope in a naturally occurring sample of an element is always the same.

Question 23

The atomic mass of individual atoms of an element may vary.

Question 24

The atomic number of nitrogen is 14.01.

Question 25

An element is discovered that is a solid,has one valence electron,and readily forms a 1+ ion.This element would be correctly classified as a nonmetal.

Question 26

In the modern periodic table,elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number rather than increasing relative mass.

Question 27

All carbon atoms have exactly 6 protons.

Question 28

Halogens form anions with a 1- charge.

Question 29

Metals are located on the left side of the periodic table.

Question 30

The elements within a group on the periodic table tend to have similar properties.

Question 31

Aluminum is one of the most commonly used metalloids.

Question 32

Main-group elements tend to form ions that have the same number of total electrons as the nearest halogen.

Question 33

Group 2A elements are called alkali metals.

Question 34

All elemental symbols are comprised of a two-letter abbreviation.

Question 35

All elements have three or more naturally occurring isotopes.

Question 36

The atomic mass of a single carbon atom is equal to exactly 12.011 amu.

Question 37

Mendeleev is best remembered for his pioneering work on determining atomic structure.

Question 38

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different numbers of neutrons.

Question 39

The elemental symbol for manganese is Mg.

Question 40

A cation forms when an atom gains an electron.

Question 41

Which of the statements about the discovery of electrons is FALSE?

A)Because atoms are neutral,the existence of a negatively charged particle implied there must be a positively charged component of an atom.
B)Thomson proposed that electrons were small particles held within a positively charged sphere.
C)Rutherford proved the plum-pudding model correct.
D)The negatively charged electron is located outside the nucleus.
E)All of the above statements are true.

Question 42

Which of the following subatomic particles has a mass of 1.67 × 10^-27 kg?

A)electrons only
B)protons only
C)neutrons only
D)protons and neutrons
E)none of the above

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT part of Dalton's Atomic Theory?

A)Each element is composed of tiny indestructible particles called atoms.
B)All atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties that distinguish them from the atoms of other elements.
C)Atoms combine in simple,whole-number ratios to form compounds.
D)Most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge is contained in a small core called the nucleus.
E)All of the above are part of the atomic theory.

Question 44

Which statement below accurately describes the contributions of Democritus?

A)ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was not continuous
B)created the modern periodic table
C)proposed the modern Atomic Theory
D)discovered the existence of electrons
E)none of the above

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a correct name,symbol combination?

A)beryllium,Be
B)phosphorus,P
C)iron,Fe
D)manganese,Mg
E)silicon,Si

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a correct name,symbol combination?

A)calcium,Ca
B)gold,Au
C)manganese,Mn
D)chromium,Cr
E)potassium,P

Question 47

Which of the following elements has an atomic number of 4?

A)H
B)C
C)He
D)Be
E)none of the above

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a correct name,symbol combination?

A)beryllium,Be
B)magnesium,Mg
C)iron,I
D)manganese,Mn
E)silicon,Si

Question 49

What is the correct chemical symbol for mercury?

A)Hm
B)Hy
C)Me
D)My
E)none of the above

Question 50

The atomic mass unit is defined as:

A)the mass of the hydrogen atom containing only one proton.
B)the mass of electrons found in a carbon atom containing six protons and neutrons.
C)1/12 the mass of a carbon atom containing six protons and six neutrons.
D)1/14 the mass of a nitrogen atom containing 7 protons and 7 neutrons.
E)none of the above

Question 51

An atom containing 7 protons,8 neutrons,and 7 electrons:

A)is charge-neutral.
B)is an ion.
C)is an oxygen atom.
D)cannot exist.
E)none of the above

Question 52

Which statement reflects the results of Rutherford's gold foil experiments?

A)Almost all of the alpha particles were deflected back in the direction from which they came.
B)Almost all of the alpha particles sputtered gold atoms off of the surface of the foil.
C)Almost all of the alpha particles were deflected while passing through the foil.
D)Almost all of the alpha particles passed directly through the foil.
E)none of the above

Question 53

Which of the following elements has only 12 protons?

A)C
B)Zn
C)Mg
D)O
E)none of the above

Question 54

Which statement below accurately describes the contributions of Dalton?

A)ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was continuous
B)created the modern periodic table
C)proposed the modern Atomic Theory
D)discovered the existence of electrons
E)none of the above

Question 55

What is the atomic symbol for silver?

A)S
B)Ag
C)Au
D)Si
E)none of the above

Question 56

Which statement below accurately describes the contributions of Thomson?

A)ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was continuous
B)created the modern periodic table
C)proposed the modern Atomic Theory
D)discovered the existence of electrons
E)none of the above

Question 57

Which of the following statements about the nature of electrical charge is FALSE?

A)Electrical charge is a fundamental property of protons and electrons.
B)Positive and negative electrical charges attract each other.
C)Positive-positive or negative-negative charges repel each other.
D)Positive and negative charges cancel each other so that a proton and electron,when paired,are charge neutral.
E)All of the above statements are true.

Question 58

What is the atomic symbol for tin?

A)Sn
B)Ti
C)Tn
D)Si
E)none of the above

Question 59

Which of the following statements about atoms is FALSE?

A)Atoms compose all matter.
B)Atoms are responsible for the sensation of smell.
C)Atoms are the basic building block of nature.
D)An atom is the smallest identifiable unit of an element.
E)All of the above statements are true.

Question 60

Which statement below is NOT consistent with the nuclear theory of the atom as proposed by Rutherford?

A)Most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge is contained in a small core called the nucleus.
B)Electrical charge is a fundamental property of protons and electrons in which like charges repel and opposite charges attract.
C)Most of the volume of the atom is empty space occupied by tiny,negatively charged electrons.
D)There are as many electrons outside the nucleus as there are protons inside the nucleus in a neutral atom.
E)All of the above statements are consistent.

Question 61

Metals are located where on the periodic table?

A)left side
B)right side
C)middle
D)zig-zag diagonal line
E)none of the above

Question 62

When an atom loses an electron,the resulting particle is called:

A)a proton.
B)an anion.
C)a cation.
D)an isotope.
E)none of the above

Question 63

Which of the following statements about ions is INCORRECT?

A)Cations are positive ions and anions are negative ions.
B)Cations are formed when an atom loses electrons.
C)Anions are formed when an atom gains electrons.
D)Cations always have the same number of protons as electrons.
E)All statements are correct.

Question 64

Metalloids are located where on the periodic table?

A)left side
B)right side
C)middle
D)zig-zag diagonal line
E)none of the above

Question 65

Identify the element that is a nonmetal,a gas,and has an elemental symbol that starts with the letter "A."

A)Ac
B)Ar
C)Au
D)Al
E)none of the above

Question 66

Mg is a member of which family?

A)noble gases
B)halogens
C)alkaline earth metals
D)alkali metals
E)none of the above

Question 67

Nonmetals are located where on the periodic table?

A)left side
B)right side
C)middle
D)zig-zag diagonal line
E)none of the above

Question 68

What is the correct formula for a potassium ion with 18 electrons?

A)P⁺
B)K⁺
C)K^-
D)P^-
E)none of the above

Question 69

Group 2A elements are also called:

A)noble gases.
B)halogens.
C)alkaline earth metals.
D)alkali metals.
E)none of the above

Question 70

The names of the elements whose symbols are Si,P,Mn,and S are respectively:

A)silicon,potassium,magnesium,and sulfur.
B)silver,phosphorus,magnesium,and sulfur.
C)silicon,phosphorus,manganese,and sulfur.
D)silicon,phosphorus,magnesium,and sulfur.
E)silicon,potassium,magnesium,and sodium.

Question 71

Group 7A elements are also called:

A)noble gases.
B)halogens.
C)alkaline earth metals.
D)alkali metals.
E)none of the above

Question 72

When an atom gains an electron,the resulting particle is called:

A)a proton.
B)an anion.
C)a cation.
D)an isotope.
E)none of the above

Question 73

Which one of the following is a main-group element?

A)Ce
B)Co
C)Cu
D)Cs
E)none of the above

Question 74

Group 8A elements are also called:

A)noble gases.
B)halogens.
C)alkaline earth metals.
D)alkali metals.
E)none of the above

Question 75

All of the following statements about different elements are true EXCEPT:

A)Barium is an alkaline earth metal.
B)Manganese is a transition metal.
C)Sulfur is considered a metalloid.
D)Krypton is one of the noble gases.
E)Iodine is a halogen.

Question 76

Ions are formed when atoms:

A)gain or lose protons.
B)gain or lose electrons.
C)gain or lose neutrons.
D)Each of these results in ion formation.
E)None of these results in ion formation.

Question 77

Cr is a member of which family?

A)noble gases
B)halogens
C)alkaline earth metals
D)alkali metals
E)none of the above

Question 78

Examine the elements listed below and identify the one element that is from a different periodic table group than the others.

A)Si
B)Sn
C)Ti
D)Ge
E)All of these are from the same group.

Question 79

Group 1A elements are also called:

A)noble gases.
B)halogens.
C)alkaline earth metals.
D)alkali metals.
E)none of the above

Question 80

Xe is a member of which family?

A)noble gases
B)halogens
C)alkaline earth metals
D)alkali metals
E)none of the above