Deck 14: Sampling

Question 1

Hilton plans to send surveys to 10,000 Hilton Honors club members.This group of people is known as the _____.

A) sampling frame
B) population
C) census
D) sample
E) population element

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which term below refers to the individual participant or object on which a measurement is taken?

A) Population
B) Target population
C) Population element
D) Sampling frame
E) Sample

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which term below refers to a controlled procedure that assures that each population element is given a known nonzero chance of selection into the sample?

A) Nonprobability sampling
B) Random selection
C) Systematic selection
D) Judgment sampling
E) Statistical selection

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Assuming that the sampling frame is appropriate,systematic variance can be minimized in a study by _____.

A) decreasing the sample size
B) increasing the sample size
C) contacting nonrespondents
D) increasing response rates
E) matching

Question 5

In the Hilton example,the population for the study is _____.

A) travelers requiring overnight lodging
B) guests at Hilton-brand hotels
C) Hilton Honors club members
D) the top 10% of Hilton Honors club members
E) the 90% of Hilton Honors club members who are not brand loyal

Question 6

Which term below refers to a controlled,randomized procedure that assures that each population element is given a known,nonzero chance of selection into a study's sample?

A) Census
B) Nonprobability sampling
C) Probability sampling
D) Element selection
E) Purposive sampling

Question 7

Which of the following terms refers to the variation in measures due to some known or unknown influence that causes the scores to skew in one direction or another?

A) Precision
B) Standard error
C) Systematic variance
D) Sampling error
E) Random error

Question 8

In the Hilton example,the individual club members represent the _____.

A) population
B) sample
C) sampling frame
D) population element
E) census

Question 9

Estimates of precision are possible with _____ samples.

A) nonprobability
B) probability
C) judgment
D) quota
E) all of the above

Question 10

Which word below best describes nonprobability sampling?

A) Subjective
B) Objective
C) Random
D) Systematic
E) Generalizable

Question 11

Sampling error refers to _____.

A) differences between the sample statistics and the population's parameters caused by random fluctuations inherent in the sampling process
B) bias caused by using a poor sampling frame
C) error created by systematic variance
D) differences between the results of a census and the population's parameters
E) error created by differences between those who respond to the survey and those who do not

Question 12

The list of elements in a population from which the sample is actually drawn is known as the _____.

A) sampling frame
B) population extent
C) database
D) sampling base
E) population directory

Question 13

In the Hilton example,the Hilton Honors membership list represents the _____.

A) sample
B) sampling frame
C) population
D) population element
E) target population

Question 14

The Hilton organization is considering a survey about factors affecting brand loyalty that will be sent to all of its Hilton Honors club members.This is an example of a _____.

A) population
B) sample
C) extent
D) census
E) general population survey

Question 15

The standard error of the estimate is a type of measure of _____.

A) central tendency
B) accuracy
C) significance
D) confidence
E) standard deviation

Question 16

A _____ is the total collection of elements about which the researcher wishes to make inferences.

A) population
B) target population
C) population element
D) sampling frame
E) sample

Question 17

When all the elements in a population are included in a study,the result is a _____.

A) poll
B) census
C) sample
D) sampling frame
E) probability sample

Question 18

With what does one measure the degree of precision of a sample estimate?

A) Feasibility studies
B) Census comparisons
C) Unstandardized coefficients
D) Standard error of the estimate
E) Significance indicators

Question 19

In the Hilton example,the sampling frame is made up of the _____.

A) list of Hilton Honors club members
B) list of guests staying at any Hilton hotel during a designated period of time
C) list of the top 10% of Hilton Honors club members
D) list of the 90% of Hilton Honors members who are not brand loyal
E) list of guests at Hilton's top competitors

Question 20

_____ are summary descriptors of variables of interest in the population.

A) Sample statistics
B) Population parameters
C) Systematic estimates
D) Standard errors
E) Standardized coefficients

Question 21

If one selects a sample by beginning with a random start of an element and then selecting every kth element in the frame for inclusion in the sample,which type of sampling method is being used?

A) Simple random
B) Systematic
C) Cluster
D) Stratified
E) Double

Question 22

If Brittany drew a sample of class locations (buildings and classrooms)on campus,and then sampled all of the students in those buildings,what type of sampling technique was employed?

A) Convenience
B) Simple random
C) Area
D) Quota
E) Systematic

Question 23

When the variables of interest are measured on nominal or ordinal scales,what should be used to estimate population proportion?

A) Standard error
B) Standard deviation
C) Sample proportion of incidence (p)
D) Sample proportion of incidence (p) * 1-(p)
E) Sample statistic

Question 24

In a study of college search behaviors among the families of college-bound high school students,the search behaviors are very different from family to family.In the situation described,which guideline below best explains why the researcher will use a larger sample size?

A) The greater the variance within the population, the larger the sample should be
B) The greater the desired precision of the estimate, the larger the sample should be
C) The smaller the error range, the larger the sample must be
D) The higher the level of confidence in the estimate, the larger the sample must be
E) The greater the number of subgroups of interest within a sample, the larger the sample must be

Question 25

Which two sampling techniques employ subpopulations as a component of the selection criteria?

A) Simple random, systematic
B) Systematic, stratified
C) Stratified, cluster
D) Quota, cluster
E) Quota, snowball

Question 26

When selecting a convenience sample,element selection is based on _____.

A) accessibility
B) judgment
C) random selection
D) area
E) all of the above

Question 27

In which sampling technique,are participants in a study selected by referral?

A) Convenience
B) Judgment
C) Quota
D) Snowball
E) Area

Question 28

The most frequent proportion measure is the _____.

A) mean
B) standard deviation
C) mode
D) correlation
E) percentage

Question 29

The random digit dialing (RDD)technique used commonly in conjunction with CATI studies is based on _____ sampling.

A) simple random
B) systematic
C) stratified
D) cluster
E) double

Question 30

Which term below refers to the descriptors of variables computed from sample data used to estimate those same variables in the population?

A) Sample statistics
B) Population parameters
C) Systematic estimates
D) Standard errors
E) Standardized coefficients

Question 31

In the alcohol consumption study at Metro University,students who do not belong to Greek organizations outnumber those who do by 6 to 4.If Brittany draws the study sample such that 60% of the sample is made up of non-Greek-affiliated students and 40% of Greek-affiliated students,what type of sampling has she used?

A) Simple random
B) Quota
C) Systematic
D) Proportionate stratified
E) Disproportionate stratified

Question 32

A survey that uses a sample of city blocks from a map as a way of sampling city residents is based on the _____ sampling technique.

A) convenience
B) quota
C) stratified
D) systematic
E) cluster

Question 33

All of the following are methods of probability sampling except _____.

A) systematic
B) simple random
C) stratified
D) cluster
E) purposive

Question 34

What type of sampling method should Brittany use?

A) Simple random
B) Systematic
C) Stratified
D) Cluster
E) Double

Question 35

Hilton Hotels wishes to conduct a study on the determinants of brand loyalty among Hilton Hotel customers.The Hilton organization estimates that 10% of its 2,600,000 Hilton Honors club members are loyal to the Hilton brand wherever they travel.However,the remaining members may choose other hotel brands at times.The organization wants to understand how to increase loyalty among the other 90% of club members. In a follow-up survey to the Hilton study on brand loyalty,the organization plans to focus solely on estimating the attributes of the 10% of Hilton Honors members who are thought to be brand loyal.In this example,10% is the _____.

A) sample statistic
B) population parameter
C) population variance
D) population proportion of incidence
E) sampling frame

Question 36

When the variables of interest are measured on nominal or ordinal scales,what should be used to estimate population variance?

A) Standard error
B) Standard deviation
C) Sample proportion of incidence (p)
D) Sample proportion of incidence (p) * 1-(p)
E) Sample statistic

Question 37

Which type of sampling technique can result in a skewed sample if periodicity exists in the population?

A) Simple random
B) Systematic
C) Stratified
D) Cluster
E) Double

Question 38

With which of the following sampling techniques is the practice of double sampling typically found?

A) Simple random
B) Stratified
C) Systematic
D) Purposive
E) Quota

Question 39

Which sampling method includes elements from each of several mutually exclusive strata within a population?

A) Simple random
B) Systematic
C) Stratified
D) Cluster
E) Double

Question 40

At Metro University,there are more female students than male students.However,because Brittany is particularly interested in male drinking behavior,she plans to include an equal number of men and women in the sample.What type of sampling will Brittany use?

A) Simple random
B) Quota
C) Systematic
D) Proportionate stratified
E) Disproportionate stratified

Question 41

What is the standard error of the mean in the lakefront resort example?

A) .5
B) .065
C) .96
D) .13
E) 1.96

Question 42

If a researcher must use a nonprobability sample because a list is not available,should convenience sampling or judgment sampling be used? Explain.

Question 43

A microbrewery plans to conduct a study on beer consumption among men between the ages of 29 and 45.A pilot test indicated that men in this age category consume an average of 6 beers per week with a standard deviation of 2.3.If the microbrewery seeks a 95% confidence level and a precision of .5 beers,what size sample should be used in the study?

A) 70
B) 120
C) 300
D) 456
E) 987

Question 44

Which of the following symbols is used to refer to the sample standard deviation?

A) p
B)
C)
D)
E) s

Question 45

The pq ratio found in calculations of sample size for a proportion can never exceed _____.

A) .10
B) .25
C) .50
D) .75
E) there are no such limitations on the pq ratio

Question 46

A local restaurant is planning a study on demand for meals over holiday weekends.In calculating the desired sample size for the study,the restaurant's researcher decides to use a rule-of-thumb calculation for estimating the population dispersion.If the range of meals in the study is 0 to 30,what standard deviation does the rule-of-thumb method produce?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
E) 10

Question 47

What information below is necessary for computing sample size for questions involving means?

A) Precision
B) Confidence level
C) Expected dispersion in the population
D) Size of the interval estimate
E) All of the above

Question 48

Within what range below can the resort expect with 95% confidence for the true population mean to fall?

A) 3.12 to 6.88
B) 3.35 to 6.65
C) 2.42 to 7.58
D) 4.10 to 5.50
E) 4.65 to 6.65

Question 49

What is the difference between a probability sample and a nonprobability sample? Which one is preferred by researchers? Explain.

Question 50

Compare and contrast stratified sampling and cluster sampling.

Question 51

When a calculated sample size must be adjusted due to the size of the population relative to the size of the sample,which of the following formulas should be applied?

A) Divide the calculated n by the standard error of the mean
B) Multiply the calculated n by the precision estimate
C) Reduce the calculated n by 5% of the population size
D) Multiply the calculated n by the square root of (N-n)/ (N-1)
E) Divide the calculated n by the standard deviation squared

Question 52

Explain the rationale for sampling rather than using a census for every study.

Question 53

In calculations of sample size for proportions,q refers to the _____.

A) calculated sample size
B) quota of required completes to refusals
C) the proportion of the population that does not have the attribute of interest
D) the proportion of the population that does have the attribute of interest
E) the desired precision