Deck 24: Introducing Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Question 1

A factor loading indicates how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In multiple regression,the dependent variable must be continuous and interval-scaled.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Nominal and ordinal scales are referred to as metric scales.

Answer 3

False
These are nonmetric scales.

Question 4

The purpose of factor analysis is to summarize the information contained in a large number of variables into as large a number of factors as possible.

Question 5

The type of measurement scales used will determine which multivariate statistical techniques are appropriate for the data.

Question 6

Multiple regression analysis includes a single independent variable but several dependent variables.

Question 7

The basic types of multivariate techniques are metric methods and nonmetric methods.

Question 8

In multiple regression,the coefficient of multiple determination indicates the percentage of the variation in Y that can be explained by all independent variables.

Question 9

Multidimensional scaling is a type of interdependence method.

Question 10

Partial correlations measure the variance inflation among independent variables.

Question 11

Multicollinearity in regression analysis refers to how strongly interrelated the independent variables in a model are.

Question 12

Multivariate statistical analysis permit the researcher to consider the effects of three or more variables at the same time.

Question 13

Discriminant analysis predicts a categorical dependent variable based on a linear combination of independent variables.

Question 14

In multiple regression,dummy variables are those that have no effect on the dependent variable.

Question 15

Mulitvariate dependence techniques are variants of the general linear model (GLM).

Question 16

MANOVA predicts multiple continuous dependent variables with multiple continuous independent variables.

Question 17

To determine whether the discriminant analysis can be used as a good predictor,information provided in the "confusion matrix" is used.

Question 18

The variate is a mathematical way in which a set of variables can be represented with one equation.

Question 19

In a regression equation,the beta coefficients indicate the effect on the dependent variable of a 1-unit increase in any of the independent variables.

Question 20

Several dummy variables can be included in a regression model.

Question 21

Mulitvariate dependence techniques are variants of the ____,which is a way of modeling some process based on how different variables cause fluctuations from the average dependent variable.

A)ordinary linear model (OLM)
B)weighted average model (WAM)
C)general linear model (GLM)
D)metric scaling model (MSM)

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of an interdependence analysis method?

A)multidimensional scaling
B)multiple regression analysis
C)conjoint analysis
D)all of the above

Question 23

Structural equations modeling (SEM)allows a researcher to build and test a theory represented by a series of regression equations,each involving single item measures,that are solved simultaneously.

Question 24

Nominal and ordinal scales are examples of ____ scales,while interval and ratio scales are examples of ____ scales.

A)metric;co-metric
B)nonmetric;metric
C)nonmetric;advanced
D)metric;continuous

Question 25

The two basic groups of multivariate techniques are:

A)dependence methods and interdependence methods
B)primary methods and secondary methods
C)simple methods and complex methods
D)partial methods and complete methods

Question 26

Factor rotation is a mathematical way of simplifying factor results.

Question 27

Which of the following is an appropriate technique when the inputs are metric?

A)cluster analysis
B)metric multidimensional scaling
C)factor analysis
D)all of the above

Question 28

In cluster analysis,each cluster should have low internal homogeneity and high external heterogeneity.

Question 29

The most common rule for extracting factors in factor analysis is to base the number of factors on the number of eigenvalues greater than 5.0

Question 30

All of the following are examples of interdependence methods of analysis EXCEPT:

A)factor analysis
B)cluster analysis
C)multidimensional scaling
D)conjoint analysis

Question 31

Which analysis is portrayed by the equation: Y = bₒ + b₁X₁ + b₂X₂ + b₃X₃...+ bnXn?

A)simple regression
B)multiple regression
C)chi-square
D)factor analysis

Question 32

When a researcher is attempting to predict sales volume by using building permits,amount of advertising,and the income levels of residents,the researcher is using:

A)univariate analysis
B)a chi-square analysis
C)multiple regression analysis
D)factor analysis

Question 33

Which of the following is a dependence method of analysis?

A)structural equations modeling
B)multiple regression analysis
C)multiple discriminant analysis
D)all of the above

Question 34

Which type of analysis involves three or more variables?

A)univariate statistical analysis
B)bivariate statistical analysis
C)multivariate statistical analysis
D)all of the above

Question 35

All of the following are examples of dependence methods of analysis EXCEPT:

A)multiple regression analysis
B)multiple discriminant analysis
C)cluster analysis
D)multivariate analysis of variance

Question 36

Which of the following is a mathematical way in which a set of variables can be represented with one equation?

A)structuralism
B)variate
C)ANOVA
D)synergy

Question 37

If the analysis contains only one dependent variable and that variable is metric,the appropriate statistical analysis is:

A)multiple discriminant analysis
B)conjoint analysis
C)multivariate ANOVA
D)multiple regression

Question 38

A variable that is coded as either zero or one and that has two distinct levels is called a(n):

A)regression variable
B)dummy variable
C)MANOVA variable
D)ANOVA variable

Question 39

When a multivariate statistical technique is used to predict a dependent variable from several independent variables,the researcher is studying:

A)dependence
B)independence
C)interdependence
D)segments

Question 40

In factor analysis,"communality" is a measure of the percentage of a variable's variation that can be explained by the factors.

Question 41

In the following formula,k stands for:

A)the number of observations
B)the degrees of freedom of the denominator
C)the number of independent variables
D)the sample size

Question 42

In cluster analysis,the researcher wants clusters to have high ____ within-clusters and high between-cluster ____.

A)independence;dependence
B)significance;insignificance
C)heterogeneity;homogeneity
D)homogeneity;heterogeneity

Question 43

In the formula,n - k - 1 stands for:

A)the degrees of freedom of the numerator
B)the number of observations
C)the degrees of freedom of the denominator
D)the number of independent variables

Question 44

The correlation between two variables after taking into account the fact that they are correlated with other variables too is called:

A)partial correlation
B)standardized correlation
C)raw correlation
D)variant correlation

Question 45

Jeff is analyzing data and is concerned over how strongly interrelated the independent variables in his model are.Jeff is concerned about:

A)multicollinearity
B)MANOVA
C)degrees of freedom
D)convergence

Question 46

General Mills would like to "see" a picture of how its brands are perceived by consumers compared to competitive brands.Which statistical technique can measure brands in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgements of the similarity of the brands?

A)structural equations modeling
B)factor analysis
C)multidimensional scaling
D)partial positioning

Question 47

If the analysis predicts several continuous dependent variables with several categorical independent variables,the appropriate statistical technique is:

A)multiple regression
B)multiple discriminant analysis
C)conjoint analysis
D)MANOVA

Question 48

Which of the following indicates how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor?

A)factor b
B)discriminator
C)factor link
D)factor loading

Question 49

A multivariate tool that combines a factor analytic and regression approach to provide path estimates to a proposed model but falls short of providing an assessment of fit is called:

A)partial least squares (PLS)
B)MANOVA
C)partial correlations
D)discriminant analysis

Question 50

Which technique allows a researcher to build and test a theory represented by a series of regression equations,each involving multiple item measures,that are solved simultaneously?

A)structural equations modeling (SEM)
B)synergistic regression
C)sequential regression modeling
D)sequential estimation modeling (SEM)

Question 51

In discriminant analysis,a linear combination of independent variables that explains group memberships is known as a(n):

A)regression equation
B)discriminant function
C)discriminant factor
D)n-way ANOVA

Question 52

A researcher has 57 variables in a large dataset and wishes to summarize the information from them into a reduced set of variables.Which multivariate technique should be used?

A)factor analysis
B)multidimensional scaling
C)logit analysis
D)regression analysis

Question 53

Which type of analysis attempts to predict a categorical dependent variable?

A)factor analysis
B)discriminant analysis
C)regression analysis
D)linear analysis

Question 54

A value of R² = 0.40 means that ____ percent of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variables.

A)80
B)64
C)40
D)16

Question 55

If the regression equation is: Y = 98.3 +.35X₁ + 22.3X₂,the predicted value for Y when X₁ = 3 and X₂ = 5 is:

A)118.45
B)210.85
C)67.23
D)98.3

Question 56

A mathematical way of simplifying factor analysis results is:

A)factor loading
B)factor reduction
C)factor rotation
D)factor analysis

Question 57

Which of the following is computed by most regression programs and provide an indication of how much multicollinearity exists among a set of independent variables?

A)X²
B)b
C)collinear coefficient
D)variance inflation factor (VIF)

Question 58

Which of the following suggests problems with multicollinearity?

A)VIF > 5.0
B)b < 3.0
C)Power > 0.8
D)a > 0.8

Question 59

If a bank wants to discriminate between successful and unsuccessful credit risks for home mortgage loans,it should use:

A)factor analysis
B)multidimensional scaling
C)MANOVA
D)discriminant analysis

Question 60

Which multivariate analysis statistically identifies a reduced number of factors from a larger number of measured variables?

A)factor analysis
B)regression
C)discriminant analysis
D)logit analysis

Question 61

____________________ in regression analysis refers to how strongly interrelated the independent variables in a model are.

Question 62

Multivariate dependence techniques are variants of the ____________________.

Question 63

Explain why and how a marketing researcher uses factor analysis.

Question 64

The purpose of ____________________ analysis is to summarize information in a large number of variables into a smaller number of factors.

Question 65

A ____________________ variable has two distinct levels that are coded as 0 and 1.

Question 66

____________________ predicts several dependent variables by using several independent variables.

Question 67

List the steps in interpreting a multiple regression model.

Question 68

If the researcher wants to classify objects into two mutually exclusive categories,the researcher should use ____________________ analysis.

Question 69

Explain how cluster analysis can identify market segments.

Question 70

A mathematical way of simplifying factor results is ____________________.

Question 71

The two types of multivariate techniques are ____________________ methods and ____________________ methods.

Question 72

When an analysis studies the effect of several independent variables on a single dependent variable that is interval-scaled,this is called ____________________ analysis.

Question 73

A statistical technique that measures objects in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgments of the similarity of objects is ____________________.

Question 74

Statistical methods that permit the study of three or more variables at the same time are called ____________________ statistical analysis.

Question 75

Multivariate techniques that try to group things together are known as ____________________ methods.

Question 76

____________________ allows a researcher to build and test a theory represented by a series of regression equations that are solved simultaneously.

Question 77

An indication of how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor is given by the ____________________.

Question 78

Explain how MANOVA models differ from ANOVA models.

Question 79

Compare and contrast dependence and interdependence techniques.List the statistical techniques for both.

Question 80

The test used to test statistical significance by comparing variation explained by the regression equation to the residual error variation is the ____________________.