Deck 5: Introduction to Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Question 1

Which of the following aqueous solutions is probably the poorest electrical conductor?

A)0.5 M K₂SO₄
B)0.5 M CaCl₂
C)0.5 M HF
D)0.5 M CH₃OH
E)0.5 M NH₃

Answer 1

0.5 M CH₃OH

Question 2

A solid forming from a mixture of solutions is called a precipitate.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

An insoluble compound will dissolve to an appreciable amount in water.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following solutions has the highest fluoride concentration?

A)0.05 M CaF₂
B)2.1 mg/L NaF
C)a solution having 1.5 mg/L F^-
D)a solution having 0.06 M F^-
E)0.05 M NaF

Question 5

An oxidizing agent is reduced during a redox reaction.

Question 6

Which statement below best describes net ionic equations?

A)A net ionic equation lists all ions in the solution.
B)A net ionic equation is obtained when the ions forming the precipitate are removed from the molecular equation.
C)A net ionic equation is a balanced chemical equation that includes only ions that participate in a reaction.
D)A net ionic equation is a balanced chemical equation that includes all the ions present in a reaction mixture.
E)A net ionic reaction is a balanced chemical equation that clearly shows spectator ions in a reaction.

Question 7

To precipitate Cd²⁺(aq)from solution one could add:

A)H₂S(aq)
B)HCl(aq)
C)HNO₃(aq)
D)KI(aq)
E)NaCl(aq)

Question 8

Soluble ionic compounds form strong electrolytes.

Question 9

Most water-soluble compounds of Group 1A or 2A elements are:

A)strong electrolytes
B)strong acids
C)weak electrolytes
D)weak acids
E)nonelectrolytes

Question 10

For redox reactions to be balanced,electrons should be present on the reactant side.

Question 11

What concentration of Fe₂(SO₄)₃(aq)is required for the solution to have [Fe³⁺(aq)] = 0.32 M?

A)0.16 M
B)0.32 M
C)0.64 M
D)0.080 M
E)0.12 M

Question 12

A reducing agent causes itself to be reduced.

Question 13

Which of the following aqueous solutions has the lowest concentration of sulfate ion?

A)0.1 M Al₂(SO₄)₃
B)0.2 M MgSO₄
C)0.3 M Li₂SO₄
D)0.4 M K₂SO₄
E)0.5 M CuSO₄

Question 14

In 0.20 M NH₃(aq),the concentration of NH₄⁺(aq)and OH^-(aq)are approximately 0.20 M.

Question 15

Weak acids almost completely dissociate.

Question 16

What is the concentration of Br^-(aq)in a solution prepared by mixing 75.0 mL of 0.62 M iron(III)bromide with 75.0 mL of water? Assume that the volumes of the solutions are additive.

A)0.93 M
B)0.31 M
C)1.9 M
D)0.62 M
E)1.23 M

Question 17

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)A non-electrolyte does not form ions in aqueous solution and does not conduct an electric current.
B)A strong electrolyte is completely ionized in aqueous solution.
C)A strong electrolyte in aqueous solution is a good electrical conductor.
D)A weak electrolyte in aqueous solution is a good electrical conductor.
E)A weak electrolyte is partially ionized in a aqueous solution.

Question 18

The hydrated proton attracts only one water molecule.

Question 19

A titration is a method of adding small amounts of one reactant until the reaction is complete.

Question 20

Oxidation never occurs alone.

Question 21

The substance KClO₄ in water solution is a:

A)strong electrolyte
B)nonelectrolyte
C)weak electrolyte
D)strong base
E)weak acid

Question 22

The substance NH₃ is a:

A)weak acid
B)strong acid
C)salt
D)weak base
E)strong base

Question 23

Which of the following,in aqueous solution,is most likely to behave as a weak acid?

A)HCl
B)HCN
C)NaCl
D)NaCN
E)NH₃

Question 24

The substance NaOH in water solution is a:

A)nonelectrolyte
B)weak electrolyte
C)weak base
D)strong electrolyte
E)weak acid

Question 25

Which of the following represents a neutralization reaction?

A)2 H₂(g)+ O₂(g)→ 2 H₂O(l)
B)NH₃(aq)+ HCl(aq)→ NH₄Cl(aq)
C)2 NaOH(aq)+ CuCl₂(aq)→ 2 NaCl(aq)+ Cu(OH)₂(s)
D)HBr(aq)+ AgNO₃(aq)→ HNO₃(aq)+ AgBr(s)
E)2 H₂O₂(aq)→ 2 H₂O(l)+ O₂(g)

Question 26

Which of the following combinations is correct?

A)NaOH/weak base
B)H₃PO₄/strong acid
C)HNO₃/weak acid
D)NH₃/strong base
E)HClO₄/strong acid

Question 27

The substance CH₃COOH in water is a:

A)strong electrolyte
B)weak electrolyte
C)nonelectrolyte
D)strong acid
E)strong base

Question 28

The substance HNO₂ is a:

A)strong base
B)strong acid
C)weak acid
D)weak base
E)salt

Question 29

To precipitate Ba²⁺(aq)from solution,one could add:

A)HCl(aq)
B)(NH₄)₂CO₃(aq)in NH₃(aq)
C)H₂S(aq)in NH₃/NH₄⁺(aq)
D)H₂S(aq)in 0.3 M HCl(aq)
E)NaCl(aq)

Question 30

The substance BaCl₂ is a:

A)salt
B)weak acid
C)strong base
D)weak base
E)strong acid

Question 31

The substance HI is a:

A)strong acid
B)weak base
C)strong base
D)salt
E)weak acid

Question 32

The substance KOH is a:

A)weak acid
B)salt
C)weak base
D)strong base
E)strong acid

Question 33

Which of the following would have the strongest tendency for producing H⁺ ions in an aqueous solution?

A)NH₃
B)HNO₂
C)H₂S
D)HNO₃
E)CH₃COOH

Question 34

Which of the following would have the strongest tendency of producing OH^- ions in an aqueous solution?

A)Fe(OH)₂
B)Fe(OH)₃
C)Ba(OH)₂
D)NaOH
E)HOCl

Question 35

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)A base produces hydrogen ions in solution.
B)A strong acid is a strong electrolyte.
C)Weak acids are weak electrolytes.
D)In a neutralization reaction,an acid reacts with a base.
E)Acids contain ionizable hydrogens.

Question 36

Which of the following compounds is quite insoluble in water,but would liberate a gas when treated with aqueous acetic acid?

A)K₂CO₃
B)K₂SO₄
C)CaCO₃
D)CaSO₄
E)AgCl

Question 37

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Most molecular compounds are either nonelectrolytes or weak electrolytes.
B)Most ionic compounds are strong electrolytes.
C)A precipitate is formed when certain anions and cations react to form an insoluble ionic solid.
D)Net ionic equations include only the actual participants of the reaction.
E)An acid produces hydride ions in solution.

Question 38

Assuming that the proposed aqueous reactants are mixed in stoichiometric ratios,and at moderate concentrations,which of the following is least likely to represent an observable (e.g. ,gas evolution or precipitation)reaction?

A)Ca²⁺ + 2 Cl^- + 2 K⁺ + CO₃^2- → ?
B)2 Na⁺ + CO₃^2- + 2 HC₂N₃O₂ → ?
C)H₂S + Cu²⁺ + SO₄^2- → ?
D)H₂SO₃ + Li⁺ + Cl^- → ?
E)Pb²⁺ + 2 NO₃^- + 2 Na⁺ + 2 OH^- → ?

Question 39

Which of the following pairs of aqueous solutions will give a precipitate when mixed?

A)K₃PO₄ and CaCl₂
B)LiClO₄ and Ba(OH)₂
C)AgNO₃ and Ca(ClO₄)₂
D)NaCl and K(CH₃COO)
E)Sr(NO₃)₂ and KI

Question 40

The substance C₅H₅OH in water solution is a:

A)weak electrolyte
B)strong acid
C)strong electrolyte
D)nonelectrolyte
E)strong base

Question 41

In which of the following pairs is the oxidation number for the underlined element INCORRECT?

A)MnO₄^-/(+7 )
B)SO₄^2-/(+4)
C)NH₄⁺/(-3)
D)NO₃^-/(+5)
E)Cr₂O₇^2-/(+6)

Question 42

In which of the following pairs is the oxidation number for the underlined element INCORRECT?

A)ClO₄^-/(+7)
B)S₂O₃^2-/(+2)
C)Fe₂O₃/(+3)
D)HCO₃^-/(+3)
E)CO₂/(+4)

Question 43

In which of the following pairs is the oxidation number for the underlined element INCORRECT?

A)MnO₂/(+4 )
B)SO₃^2-/(+4)
C)ClO₃^-/(+7)
D)NO₂^-/(+3)
E)Cr₂O₃/(+3)

Question 44

Trace amounts of oxygen gas can be "scrubbed" from gases using the following reaction:
4 Cr²⁺(aq)+ O₂(g)+ 4 H⁺(aq)→ 4 Cr³⁺(aq)+ 2 H₂O(l)
Which of the following statements is true regarding this reaction?

A)Oxygen gas is reduced to water.
B)Cr²⁺(aq)is the oxidizing agent.
C)O₂(g)is the reducing agent.
D)Electrons are transferred from O₂ to Cr²⁺.

Question 45

A disproportionation reaction is one in which:

A)the equation is not balanced
B)the same substance is oxidized and reduced
C)more of one substance reacts than another
D)water must be added
E)both reactants are reduced

Question 46

12.5 mL of 0.280 M HNO₃(aq)and 5.0 mL of 0.920 M KOH(aq)are mixed.Is the resulting solution acidic,basic,or neutral?

A)acidic
B)basic
C)neutral
D)HNO₃ and KOH don't mix.

Question 47

Which of the following represents a disproportionation reaction?

A)Br₂(l)+ H₂O(l)→ HOBr(aq)+ Br^-(aq)+ H⁺(aq)
B)S(s)+ SO₂(g)+ H₂O(l)→ S₂O₃^2-(aq)+ 2 H⁺(aq)
C)HOCl(aq)+ OH^-(aq)→ H₂O(l)+ OCl^-(aq)
D)3 S^2-(aq)+ 2 CrO₄^2-(aq)+ 8 H₂O(l)→ 3 S(s)+ 2 Cr(OH)₃(s)+ 10 OH^-(aq)
E)HF(aq)→ H⁺(aq)+ F^-(aq)

Question 48

Write the net ionic equation for the reaction of lead(II)nitrate and sodium iodide.

A)Pb(NO₃)₂(aq)+ 2 NaI(aq)→ PbI₂(s)+ 2 NaNO₃(aq)
B)Pb²⁺(aq)+ 2 NaI(aq)→ PbI₂(s)+ 2 Na
C)Pb²⁺(aq)+ 2 I^-(aq)→ PbI₂(s)
D)Pb²⁺(aq)+ 2 I^-(aq)→ Pb²⁺(aq)+ 2 I^-(aq)
E)no reaction

Question 49

Which of the following reactions is an oxidation-reduction reaction?

A)NH₃(g)+ H₂O(l)→ NH₄OH(aq)
B)HCl(aq)+ NaH₂PO₄(aq)→ H₃PO₄(aq)+ NaCl(aq)
C)2 H₂O(l)→ H₃O⁺(aq)+ OH^-(aq)
D)Mg(OH)₂(s)→ Mg²⁺(aq)+ 2 OH^-(aq)
E)CO(g)+ H₂O(g)→ CO₂(g)+ H₂(g)

Question 50

Indicate whether a precipitate forms by completing equation
Li⁺(aq)+ Br^-(aq)+ Pb²⁺(aq)+ NO₃^-(aq) → ?

A)PbBr₂(s)+ LiNO₃(s)
B)Pb²⁺(aq)+ 2 Br^-(aq)+ LiNO₃(s)
C)Pb(NO₃)₂(s)+ Li⁺(aq)+ 2 Br^-(aq)
D)PbBr₂(s)+ Li⁺(aq)+ NO₃^-(aq)
E)no reaction

Question 51

Select a statement that best describes the oxidation process.

A)In the oxidation process all elements change oxidation state.
B)In the oxidation process all elements experience an increase in oxidation state.
C)In the oxidation process some elements change their oxidation state.
D)In the oxidation process some elements experience oxidation state increase.
E)In the oxidation process only oxygen increases its oxidation state.

Question 52

Write the net ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulfate.

A)BaCl(aq)+ NaSO₄(aq)→ BaSO₄(s)+ NaCl(aq)
B)BaCl(aq)+ SO₄^2- (aq)→ BaSO₄(s)+ Ba²⁺ (aq)
C)Ba²⁺(aq)+ SO₄^2-(aq)→ BaSO₄(aq)
D)Ba²⁺ (aq)+ SO₄^2- (aq)→ BaSO₄(s)
E)no reaction

Question 53

A solution is 0.660 M in HNO₃(aq)and 1.02 M in Ca(NO₃)₂(aq).What is the molarity of NO₃^-(aq)in the solution?

A)2.70 M
B)1.68 M
C)1.02 M
D)0.660 M
E)0.360 M

Question 54

Which of the following reactions is an oxidation-reduction reaction?

A)NH₄HS(s)→ NH₃(g)+ H₂S(g)
B)2 NaHCO₃(s)→ Na₂CO₃(s)+ H₂O(g)+ CO₂(g)
C)N₂O₄(g)→ 2 NO₂(g)
D)2 SO₂(g)+ O₂(g)→ 2 SO₃(g)
E)2 CH₃COOH(aq)+ Ba(OH)₂(aq)→ Ba(CH₃COO)₂(aq)+ 2 H₂O(l)

Question 55

Which of the following pairs react to give both a precipitation and a neutralization reaction?

A)Ca(OH)₂(aq)and H₂SO₄(aq)
B)Mg(OH)₂(aq)and H₂SO₄(aq)
C)Sr(OH)₂(aq)and HNO₃(aq)
D)Ba(OH)₂(aq)and HNO₃(aq)

Question 56

Which of the following is most likely to act as a reducing agent?

A)H₂S
B)H₂SO₅
C)SO₃
D)H₂SO₄
E)H₂S₂O₈

Question 57

Which of the following is most likely to be a strong oxidizing agent?

A)MnO
B)MnO₂
C)KMnO₄
D)Mn₂O₃
E)Mn₃O₄

Question 58

In which of the following pairs is the oxidation number for the underlined element INCORRECT?

A)BrO₄^-/(+7)
B)CO₃^2-/(+4)
C)FeO/ (+2)
D)IO₃^-/(+5 )
E)Mg(OH)₂/(+3 )

Question 59

Iron in the form FeCl₂ can be determined by titration with potassium dichromate:
6 FeCl₂(aq)+ K₂Cr₂O₇(aq)+ 14 HCl(aq)→ 6 FeCl₃(aq)+ 2 CrCl₃(aq)+ 2 KCl(aq)+ 7 H₂O(l)
An iron sample of mass 0.800 g required 18.80 mL of 0.0120 M K₂Cr₂O₇(aq)to reach the end point.How many moles of FeCl₂ were in the sample?

A)1.43 × 10^-2 mol
B)1.35 × 10^-3 mol
C)3.75 × 10^-5 mol
D)2.26 × 10^-4 mol
E)1.13 × 10^-4 mol

Question 60

Indicate whether a precipitate forms by completing equation
Ag⁺(aq)+ Br^-(aq)+ NO₃^-(aq)+ K⁺(aq)→ ?

A)AgBr(s)+ K⁺(aq)+ NO₃^-(aq)
B)AgNO₃(s)+ K⁺(aq)+ Br^-(aq)
C)AgBr(s)+ KNO₃(s)
D)KNO₃(s)+ Ag⁺(aq)+ Br^-(aq)
E)no reaction

Question 61

Balance the following equation for an oxidation-reduction reaction occurring in an acidic solution:
IO₃^-(aq)+ N₂H₄(aq)→ I^-(aq)+ N₂(g)+ H₂O(l)
The sum of the coefficients is ________.

A)8
B)25
C)18
D)16
E)32

Question 62

Write the net ionic equation for the reaction of magnesium carbonate and nitric acid.

A)MgCO₃(s)+ 2 H⁺(aq)→ Mg²⁺(aq)+ H₂O(l)+ CO₂(g)
B)MgCO₃(s)+ 2 HNO₃(aq)→ Mg(NO₃)₂(aq)+ H₂O(l)+ CO₂(g)
C)MgCO₃(s)+ 2 HNO₃(aq)→ Mg(NO₃)₂(aq)+ H₂CO₃(aq)
D)Mg²⁺(aq)+ CO₃^2-(aq)+ 2 H⁺(aq)→ Mg²⁺(aq)+ H₂O(l)+ CO₂(g)
E)no reaction

Question 63

How many electrons are transferred when the perchlorate ion is converted to chloride?

A)8
B)7
C)9
D)6
E)5

Question 64

Write the net ionic equation for the reaction of ammonium chloride and potassium hydroxide.

A)NH₄Cl(aq)+ KOH(aq)→ NH₃(aq)+ KCl(aq)+ H₂O(l)
B)NH₄⁺(aq)+ OH^-(aq)→ NH₃(aq)+ H₂O(l)
C)NH₄Cl(aq)+ OH^-(aq)→ NH₃(aq)+ Cl^-(aq)+ H₂O(l)
D)NH₄⁺(aq)+ KOH(s)→ NH₄OH(aq)+ K⁺(aq)
E)no reaction

Question 65

When the following equation is completed and balanced for the reaction in acidic aqueous solution,what is the proper coefficient for H⁺?
Zn(s)+ Cr₂O₇^2- (aq)→ Zn²⁺ (aq)+ Cr²⁺ (aq)

A)22
B)18
C)14
D)11
E)7

Question 66

Balance the following equation for an oxidation-reduction reaction occurring in an acidic solution:
HNO₃(aq)+ I₂(s)→ HIO₃(aq)+ NO₂(g)+ H₂O(l)
The sum of the coefficients is ________.

A)26
B)27
C)28
D)33
E)45

Question 67

Balance the following oxidation-reduction reaction in acid solution:
SO₃^2-(aq)+ MnO₄^-(aq)→ SO₄^2-(aq)+ Mn²⁺(aq)+ H₂O(l)
The sum of the coefficients is ________.

A)23
B)30
C)13
D)45
E)28

Question 68

Indicate whether a precipitate forms by completing equation
Na⁺(aq)+ Cl^-(aq)+ NO₃^-(aq)+ K⁺(aq)→ ?

A)NaCl(s)+ NO₃^-(aq)+ K⁺(aq)
B)NaNO₃(s)+ K⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq)
C)KCl(s)+ Na⁺(aq)+ NO₃^-(aq)
D)KNO₃(s)+ Na⁺(aq)+ Cl^-(aq)
E)no reaction

Question 69

Balance the following oxidation-reduction reaction in acid solution:
MnO₄^-(aq)+ H₂C₂O₄(aq)→ Mn²⁺(aq)+ CO₂(g)+ H₂O(l)
The sum of the coefficients is ________.

A)25
B)47
C)33
D)18
E)21

Question 70

What is the proper coefficient for water when the following equation is completed and balanced for the reaction in basic solution?
C₂O₄^2- (aq)+ MnO₄^- (aq)→ CO₃^2- (aq)+ MnO₂(s)

A)4
B)3
C)2
D)1
E)0

Question 71

For the reaction between aqueous potassium hydroxide and aqueous nitric acid,the so-called "spectator" ions are ________.

A)K⁺ and OH^-
B)H⁺ and NO₃^-
C)K⁺ and NO₃^-
D)H⁺ and OH^-

Question 72

Write the net ionic equation for the reaction of ammonium chloride and iron(III)hydroxide.

A)3 NH₄Cl(aq)+ Fe(OH)₃(s)→ 3 NH₃(aq)+ 3 H₂O(l)+ FeCl₃(s)
B)3 NH₄⁺(aq)+ 3 OH^-(aq)→ 3 NH₃(aq)+ 3 H₂O(l)
C)3 NH₄Cl(aq)+ 3 OH^-(aq)→ 3 NH₃(aq)+ 3 H₂O(l)+ 3 Cl^-(aq)
D)3 NH₄⁺(aq)+ Fe(OH)₃(s)→ 3 NH₃(aq)+ 3 H₂O(l)+ Fe³⁺(aq)
E)no reaction

Question 73

In a solution that is 0.50 M CH₃COOH(aq)(acetic acid),the species with a concentration of approximately 0.50 M is ________.

A)CH₃COOH
B)C₂H₃O₂^-
C)H⁺
D)H⁺ and C₂H₃O₂^-

Question 74

Complete the equation and indicate if a precipitate forms.
Na⁺(aq)+ OH^-(aq)+ Mg²⁺(aq)+ Cl^-(aq)→

A)NaCl(s)+ Mg²⁺(aq)+ 2 OH^-(aq)
B)Mg(OH)₂(s)+ Na⁺(aq)+ Cl^-(aq)
C)MgCl₂(s)+ Na⁺(aq)+ OH^-(aq)
D)MgCl₂(s)+ NaOH(s)
E)no reaction

Question 75

Balance the following equation for an oxidation-reduction reaction occurring in an acidic solution:
CuS(s)+ HNO₃(aq)→ Cu(NO₃)₂(aq)+ H₂O(l)+ NO(g)+ S(s)
The sum of the coefficients is ________.

A)23
B)18
C)35
D)33
E)45

Question 76

Balance the following equation for an oxidation-reduction reaction occurring in an acidic solution:
HCl(aq)+ H₂C₂O₄(aq)+ MnO₂(s)→ MnCl₂(aq)+ CO₂(g)+ H₂O(l)
The sum of the coefficients is ________.

A)7
B)15
C)45
D)12
E)9

Question 77

Balance the following equation in basic solution:
Cr³⁺ + O₂^2- → CrO₄^2-
The sum of the coefficients is ________.

A)13
B)53
C)27
D)18
E)38

Question 78

Balance the following oxidation-reduction reaction in acid solution:
Fe(s)→ Fe²⁺ + H₂(g)
The sum of the coefficients is ________.

A)2
B)5
C)8
D)7
E)9

Question 79

Balance the following equation in basic solution:
Br₂ + Mn²⁺ → MnO₂ + Br^-
The sum of the coefficients is ________.

A)8
B)15
C)12
D)17
E)11

Question 80

Balance the following equation for an oxidation-reduction reaction occurring in an acidic solution:
ClO₄^-(aq)+ SO₃^2-(aq)→ SO₄^2-(aq)+ Cl^-(aq)
The sum of the coefficients is ________.

A)8
B)12
C)10
D)4
E)6