Deck 5: States of Consciousness

Question 1

Identify the true statement about automatic processes.

A)They require the highest amount of attention than any other type of processes.
B)They need more conscious effort than controlled processes.
C)They interfere with other ongoing activities.
D)They are considered to be conscious behaviors.

Answer 1

They are considered to be conscious behaviors.

Question 2

Which of the following terms refer to the physiological state of being engaged with the environment?

A)arousal
B)awareness
C)intuition
D)insight

Answer 2

arousal

Question 3

Frank buys a new smartphone and tries exploring the phone's features as soon as he reaches home.While doing so,he fails to hear the doorbell,which has been ringing for five minutes.This illustrates the concept of

A)controlled processes.
B)automatic processes.
C)altered states of consciousness.
D)subconscious awareness.

Answer 3

controlled processes.

Question 4

Three-year-old Missy and her four-year-old brother Bob are watching a movie.In the movie,a "monster" sneaks into the closet while a little boy is sleeping.While Missy says nothing,Bob begins to shout at the screen telling the little boy not to open the closet door.Their different reactions reflect

A)the social learning theory.
B)the theory of mind.
C)problems with perception.
D)insight discrepancies.

Question 5

Aaron is working on a history assignment that he must submit the next day.His favorite TV show is on air,but he continues to work on the assignment as it is a priority.In this case,Aaron is demonstrating

A)divided attention.
B)selective attention.
C)daydreaming.
D)arousal.

Question 6

Timmy is going to participate in the national spelling bee competition to be held over the weekend.In order to prepare for the competition,he locks himself in his room and starts memorizing words along with their spelling. His mom calls him several times for supper,but he is so engrossed in memorizing that he ignores her repeated calls.Timmy is exhibiting

A)controlled processing.
B)automatic processing.
C)an altered state of consciousness.
D)subconscious awareness.

Question 7

The process by which individuals think about thinking is referred to as

A)metacognition.
B)a stream of consciousness.
C)an altered state of awareness.
D)groupthink.

Question 8

Controlled processes

A)require divided attention.
B)include concentrating on a specific aspect of experience while also paying attention to others.
C)are faster than automatic processes and are less likely to involve the prefrontal cortex.
D)involve individuals actively focusing their efforts toward a goal.

Question 9

Which of the following represents the most alert states of human consciousness?

A)controlled processes
B)automatic processes
C)altered states of consciousness
D)subconscious states of awareness

Question 10

States of consciousness that require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities are called

A)controlled processes.
B)automatic processes.
C)executive functions.
D)unconscious functions.

Question 11

_____ includes knowing about oneself and thoughts about one's experiences.

A)Transcendence
B)Awareness
C)Intuition
D)Arousal

Question 12

An individual's awareness of external events and internal sensations under a condition of arousal is called

A)perception.
B)metacognition.
C)consciousness.
D)reinforcement.

Question 13

Britney is aware of the thoughts running through her mind and the emotions triggered by some of those thoughts.She is also aware of the sounds she hears,the things she sees in her room and outside the window,the smell of coffee brewing in the kitchen,and the smell of freshly cut grass coming through the window.She would be considered to be in a state of

A)consciousness.
B)transcendence.
C)obstructionism.
D)hyperkinesis.

Question 14

The concept of "theory of mind" is best described as

A)an altered state of consciousness or a psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions.
B)an understanding that everyone thinks,feels,perceives,and has private experiences.
C)one's misinterpretation of subconscious thoughts.
D)the principle that governs controlled processing.

Question 15

_____ is a person's capacity to harness consciousness,to focus on specific thoughts while ignoring others.

A)Automatic processing
B)Executive function
C)Daydreaming
D)Metacognition

Question 16

Nick is studying for his science test that has been scheduled to be held the next day.He is unaware that his cellphone has been ringing loudly for the past five minutes.In this case,Nick is exhibiting

A)divided attention.
B)selective attention.
C)daydreaming.
D)arousal.

Question 17

Which of the following refers to the network of structures including the brain stem,medulla,and thalamus that are involved in the experience of arousal and engagement with the environment?

A)parasympathetic system
B)reticular activating system
C)pulmonary activating system
D)limbic system

Question 18

Thomas is playing his video game and is about to complete the last level.He seems unaware that his mom has been calling him for long.Which of the following is Thomas demonstrating?

A)arousal
B)automaticity
C)daydreaming
D)selective attention

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of controlled processes?

A)They are used during lower-level consciousness.
B)They are less likely to use the prefrontal cortex than automatic processes.
C)They are faster than automatic processes.
D)They require selective attention.

Question 20

Controlled processes differ from automatic processes in that controlled processes are

A)slower than automatic processes.
B)less likely to involve the prefrontal cortex than automatic processes.
C)states of consciousness that require less attention than automatic processes.
D)more repetitive than automatic processes.

Question 21

Drugs,trauma,fatigue,hypnosis,and sensory deprivation produce

A)normal brain waves.
B)sleep apnea.
C)a state called hypnagogic reverie.
D)altered states of consciousness.

Question 22

Cylia fails to figure out the solution to a puzzle given by her friend.However,on her drive home,she figures out the solution to the puzzle even though she wasn't thinking about the puzzle.In this scenario,Cylia is demonstrating the altered state of consciousness called

A)metacognition.
B)awareness.
C)unconsciousness.
D)incubation.

Question 23

A class project required a student nurse to make hourly records of her own blood pressure and body temperature over a 30-day period.When the data were graphed,it was evident that these readings changed in a predictable way on a daily basis.The reason for this regularity is that many physiological processes are

A)determined by subconscious expectations.
B)governed by circadian rhythms.
C)controlled by daily lunar cycles.
D)correlated with lunar rotation.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true of subconscious information processing?

A)It is slower than executive function.
B)It occurs in a sequential manner similar to controlled processes.
C)It requires more conscious effort than automatic processes.
D)It occurs simultaneously in a distributed manner along many parallel tracks.

Question 25

Kathy says that when she meditates,she feels like she becomes one with the universe.Kathy experiences _____ during her meditative sessions.

A)an altered state of consciousness
B)daydreaming
C)a peak experience
D)a period of divided consciousness

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true of sleep?

A)It involves controlled processing.
B)It is an executive function.
C)It is defined as the absence of consciousness.
D)It involves the irreversible loss of consciousness.

Question 27

Mrs.Goldman was a little startled when she realized that while driving home she didn't really remember driving the last mile.For Mrs.Goldman,driving has probably become a(n)

A)daydreaming function.
B)unconscious process.
C)executive function
D)automatic process.

Question 28

Juan and Terri take the same drug.However,Juan displays a higher level of awareness in comparison to Terri. In this scenario,both Juan and Terri are exhibiting

A)executive functions.
B)automatic processes.
C)altered states of consciousness.
D)controlled precognitive processes.

Question 29

Betty has dissociative identity disorder.Dr.Harper hypnotizes her to interact with the other personalities that she exhibits as a result of her condition.Betty is most likely

A)exhibiting increased level of consciousness.
B)demonstrating automatic processing.
C)in an altered state of consciousness.
D)representing higher executive function.

Question 30

_____ are daily behavioral or physiological cycles that involve the sleep/wake cycle,body temperature,blood pressure,and blood sugar level.

A)Circadian rhythms
B)Lunar rotational effects
C)Non-REM sequences
D)Sensorimotor stages

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true of daydreaming?

A)It is a controlled process.
B)It is an executive function.
C)It helps us make plans.
D)It requires that the mind be in an unconscious state.

Question 32

While Sarah does her dishes,she doesn't pay full attention to her dishes.Instead,she thinks about what she is going to have for dinner.Which of the following is Sarah most likely demonstrating?

A)executive function
B)daydreaming
C)selective abstraction
D)unconsciousness

Question 33

Jesse dreamed that he failed his science test.He is exhibiting

A)automatic processing.
B)an altered state of consciousness.
C)subconscious awareness.
D)no awareness.

Question 34

According to Sigmund Freud,_____ mental processes occur without a person being aware of them.

A)metacognitive
B)unconscious
C)metaphysical
D)conscious

Question 35

_____ are periodic physiological fluctuations in the body.

A)Executive functions
B)Automatic processes
C)Suprachiasmatic rhythms
D)Biological rhythms

Question 36

During a class lecture,Veronica fancies herself to be attending a Bon Jovi concert at Miami.She is most likely

A)in an altered state of consciousness.
B)exhibiting controlled processing.
C)daydreaming.
D)lacking awareness.

Question 37

_____ refers to the subconscious processing that leads to a solution to a problem after a break from conscious thought about the problem.

A)Incubation
B)Metacognition
C)Theory of mind
D)Executive function

Question 38

Jared has consumed excessive alcohol at a party.Therefore,he is exhibiting

A)an altered state of consciousness.
B)higher controlled processes.
C)automatic processing.
D)an executive function.

Question 39

Sharon can type a text message on her cell phone without even looking at the keypad.This is an example of

A)theory of mind.
B)executive function.
C)automatic processing.
D)an altered state of consciousness.

Question 40

Circadian rhythm refers to the

A)periodic renewal of conditioned responses to unconditioned stimuli.
B)daily behavioral or physiological cycles.
C)periodic changes in the rate of executive function.
D)alternation of states of awareness from lack of consciousness to automatic consciousness.

Question 41

_____ is a small brain structure that uses input from the retina to synchronize its own rhythm with the daily cycle of light and dark.

A)Hypothalamus
B)Suprachiasmatic nucleus
C)Cerebral cortex
D)Pineal gland

Question 42

Which of the following statements is true of the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

A)It ensures that automatic processes occur in a sequential manner.
B)It is responsible for making controlled processes faster than automatic processes.
C)It regulates daily rhythms such as temperature and hunger.
D)It prevents the occurance of executive function.

Question 43

Bradley participates in a sleep study at a university clinic.The researchers measure his body's physiological changes while he is sleeping.Which hormone do they find in large doses just before Bradley wakes up?

A)melatonin
B)growth hormone
C)cortisol
D)prolactin

Question 44

_____ is a disorder,caused by a genetic mutation,involving a progressive inability to sleep.

A)Sleep paralysis
B)Fatal familial insomnia
C)Sleep apnea
D)Narcolepsy

Question 45

Ross takes a flight from Log Angeles to New York to attend a business meeting the next day.He checks into a hotel and goes to bed at 11 p.m.However,he is unable to fall asleep even though he is accustomed to sleeping by 11 p.m.Ross is unable to sleep because

A)his body time is out of phase with clock time.
B)he is in an altered state of consciousness.
C)he is in a state of incubation.
D)he is experiencing controlled processing.

Question 46

The waves associated with relaxation or drowsiness are called _____ waves.

A)alpha
B)beta
C)theta
D)delta

Question 47

Psychological research on sleep and memory has found that staying up all night to study for an exam is likely to

A)increase memory retention.
B)lower memory retention.
C)improve brain function as well as test scores.
D)reduce brain function but not test scores.

Question 48

Hannah works as a flight attendant.Her job requires her to work night shift at a local grocery store every other day.She has trouble sleeping,which is most likely due to

A)excessive production of pepsin by her adrenal glands.
B)the fact that her circadian rhythms do not follow a fixed 24-hour cycle.
C)the fact her suprachiasmatic nucleus stimulates the release of the hormone melatonin.
D)lack of executive function during her sleep.

Question 49

Rebecca lives in Boston.Her friend,Serena,just flew in from Denver.To help Serena adjust to the new time zone,Rebecca should

A)give Serena a lot of coffee.
B)let her sleep all day.
C)offer her a dose of melatonin.
D)take her to a movie to keep her out of the sunlight.

Question 50

Professional baseball players often travel from coast to coast.Which chemical in the body may be responsible for the fatigue that many of these players face on their first day in a new city?

A)serotonin
B)dopamine
C)cortisol
D)acetylcholine

Question 51

Brenda goes to check on her sleeping daughter and observes that the child's eyes are moving up and down and from left to right under her eyelids.It is likely that she is

A)in the deepest level of sleep.
B)dreaming.
C)in a hypnagogic state.
D)waking up.

Question 52

While attending a lecture,Lea starts yawning and fights hard to stay awake.She reclines in her chair and within minutes she falls asleep with her head jerking upward at short intervals.Lea is in

A)stage N1 sleep.
B)stage N2 sleep.
C)stage N3 sleep.
D)stage N4 sleep.

Question 53

Hannah,a call center employee working in day shift,has been asked to work a night shift on Tuesday.During her night shift,Hannah falls asleep at her desk around midnight.Which of the following can best explain her behavior?

A)Her circadian rhythm has become desynchronized.
B)She is experiencing an altered state of consciousness.
C)She is demonstrating incubation.
D)Her metacognition level has significantly increaseD.

Question 54

As a part of a research,Natasha initially had difficulty falling asleep in the sleep lab,but finally drifted into sleep and was not awakened when a student researcher knocked a can of soda off the desk.The electroencephalograph (EEG)is displaying theta waves with occasional sleep spindles.The researchers feel confident that Natasha is

A)about to wake up.
B)in stage N2 of the sleep cycle.
C)dreaming.
D)in REM sleep.

Question 55

Jennifer has decided to go to bed early.Although her eyes are closed and she is very relaxed,she has not yet fallen asleep.An electroencephalograph (EEG)is most likely to indicate the presence of

A)delta waves.
B)alpha waves.
C)sleep spindles.
D)rapid eye movements.

Question 56

Electroencephalographs (EEGs)of individuals in stage N1 sleep are characterized by _____ waves.

A)beta
B)delta
C)alpha
D)theta

Question 57

The adrenal gland plays a role in maintaining circadian rhythm by

A)increasing the body temperature to help prepare for sleep.
B)producing the hormone cortisol to wake humans.
C)desynchronizing the biological clock.
D)monitoring the change from morning to night.

Question 58

George has a history exam the next day,so he has been studying hard.If he wants to remember most of what he has studied,he should

A)go to sleep rather than staying awake all night.
B)keep studying through the night.
C)take a break and watch some TV rather than studying all night.
D)eat a large meal to help him stay awake.

Question 59

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

A)increase the inability to sustain attention.
B)reduce the complexity of brain activity.
C)increase the difficulty in making healthy food choices.
D)all of these.

Question 60

The stage when bedwetting (in children)and sleep talking occur is

A)stage N1 sleep.
B)delta sleep.
C)stage N2 sleep.
D)REM sleep.

Question 61

_____ refers to an active stage of sleep during which vivid dreaming occurs.

A)Spindle sleep
B)Delta sleep
C)REM sleep
D)Myoclonic sleep

Question 62

Which of the following statements is true of narcolepsy?

A)It is caused during sleep walking.
B)It occurs during the REM stage of the sleep cycle.
C)It is triggered by extreme emotional reactions.
D)It is treated with the use of depressants.

Question 63

Nikita is always tired.She goes to bed at about 10:30 every night and is asleep in seconds,but she wakes up frequently during the night.She is most likely suffering from

A)night terrors.
B)sleep apnea.
C)narcolepsy.
D)insomnia.

Question 64

Theresa dreams that she is being chased by a lion.This is an example of

A)somnambulism.
B)somniloquy.
C)insomnia.
D)a nightmare.

Question 65

Jerry is filing for divorce.Lately,he is also having trouble at his job.Prior to these problems,he did not experience any sleep disorder but these days he finds it extremely hard to fall asleep.Which of the following disorders is he most likely suffering from?

A)sleep apnea
B)narcolepsy
C)insomnia
D)schizophrenia

Question 66

The sleep disorder narcolepsy occurs when individuals

A)unexpectedly fall into REM sleep during an activity.
B)have difficulty falling asleep whenever they would like.
C)wake up earlier than desired,sometimes several times at night.
D)stop breathing while they are sleeping.

Question 67

_____ occurs during slow-wave stage N4 sleep.

A)Nightmare
B)Night terror
C)Narcolepsy
D)Insomnia

Question 68

Erika often walks in her sleep past midnight.In formal terms,she is said to be exhibiting

A)somnambulism.
B)somniloquy.
C)insomnia.
D)narcolepsy.

Question 69

Nolan and Bella were standing in the middle of the kitchen discussing vacation plans when Nolan suddenly crashed to the floor in a deep REM sleep.Nolan's behavior indicates that he is suffering from

A)sleep apneA.
B)insomnia.
C)narcolepsy.
D)night terrors.

Question 70

The longer the period of REM sleep,the more likely it is that a person will

A)wake up feeling drowsy.
B)report dreaming.
C)produce the hormone pepsin.
D)have a desynchonized circadian rhythm.

Question 71

Which of the following statements is true of REM sleep?

A)REM sleep is an inactive stage of sleep during which high levels of cortisol are present in the body.
B)The longer the period of REM sleep,the more likely the person will report dreaming.
C)REM sleep occurs whenever the levels of melatonin in the body fall below a certain point which differs from individual to individual.
D)The internal body temperature of humans is highest during REM sleep.

Question 72

Narcolepsy is a disorder that involves

A)the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep.
B)sudden uncontrollable seizures.
C)sudden attacks of uncontrollable sleep.
D)difficulty in falling asleep.

Question 73

Night terrors typically occur

A)among older adults.
B)during non-REM sleep.
C)due to sleep apnea.
D)within an hour of falling asleep.

Question 74

The powerfully sleep-inducing chemicals produced by the body's cells while a person is fighting an infection are known as

A)amphetamines.
B)cytokines.
C)barbiturates.
D)opiates.

Question 75

Night terrors differ from nightmares as night terrors

A)occur during the slow-wave stage N4.
B)are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer.
C)are more common than nightmares.
D)occur during the REM sleep.

Question 76

REM sleep ends when there is a rise in _____,which increase the level of forebrain activity nearly to the awakened state.

A)pepsin and gastrin
B)adenine and guanine
C)prolactin and peptin
D)serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 77

REM sleep is initiated by a rise in _____,which activates the cerebral cortex while the rest of the brain remains relatively inactive.

A)pepsin
B)gastrin
C)acetylcholine
D)prolactin

Question 78

Sleepwalking is more likely to occur when individuals

A)meditate before going to sleep.
B)consume alcohol before going to sleep.
C)talk in their sleep.
D)experience night terrors on a regular basis.

Question 79

During lunch at the school cafeteria,Brianna falls asleep while sipping her glass of soda.She is suffering from

A)somnambulism.
B)insomnia.
C)sleep apnea.
D)narcolepsy.

Question 80

Sleepwalking occurs during _____ of the sleep cycle.

A)stage N1
B)the REM stage
C)stages N3 and N4
D)all stages