Deck 13: Learners With Low Incidence, Multiple, and Severe Exceptionalities

Question 1

Which of the following statements about TBI is true?

A)The IEP should focus on long-term as well as short-term goals.
B)The teacher should focus primarily on helping the students recover social skills as they are most critical to academic and social progress.
C)The teacher should discourage the use of alternative strategies,such as using organizational and memory aids,which could become a crutch.
D)The IEP should be initially developed for achievement over 6 months to a year.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The greatest complicating factor in most students' return to school following TBI is

A)social skills.
B)physical appearance.
C)physical strength.
D)language or speech disorders.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Each of the following is a feature of definitions of TBI EXCEPT

A)injury to the brain can be caused by a degenerative or congenital condition.
B)injury to the brain is caused by an external force.
C)there is a diminished or altered state of consciousness.
D)neurological or neurobehavioural dysfunction results from the injury.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Carl was three years old when he acquired TBI.Which of the following was the most likely cause of his brain injury?

A)He was accidentally shot by a playmate when showing off his father's gun.
B)He was violently shaken by a babysitter.
C)He was in a car that was hit by another car.
D)He had an accident in his home.

Question 5

Each of the following characteristics are essential features of appropriate education for students with TBI EXCEPT

A)emphasis on catching up to academic content,rather than spending time trying to develop basic cognitive skills.
B)assistance with transition from a hospital or rehabilitation centre to the school.
C)educational procedures to help solve problems in focusing and sustaining attention for long periods.
D)an IEP concerned with cognitive,social/behavioural,and sensory-motor domains.

Question 6

By high school graduation,what percent of students are likely to have TBI?

A)0.5%
B)0.4%
C)4%
D)8%

Question 7

Characteristics of TBI that may make social interactions difficult include all of the following EXCEPT

A)it's invisible nature.
B)aggression.
C)irritability.
D)physical deformation.

Question 8

After age 5,and increasingly through adolescence,the primary cause of TBI is

A)assaults.
B)accidental falls.
C)vehicular accidents.
D)gunshot wounds.

Question 9

Each of the following statements about the outcomes for individuals with deaf-blindness is true EXCEPT

A)all interactions with adults and the environment should be viewed as learning opportunities.
B)the quality and intensity of instruction the person receives is critical.
C)the more severe the impairments,the greater the impact on a person's ability to adapt.
D)given their exceptionalities,these individuals are likely to experience a poor quality of life.

Question 10

An inherited syndrome of deaf-blindness characterized by hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa,resulting in night blindness and tunnel vision is

A)Usher syndrome.
B)Asperger syndrome.
C)Down syndrome.
D)CHARGE syndrome.

Question 11

A condition in which a child is born with an abnormally shaped pupil and/or abnormalities of the retina or optic nerve is

A)atresia.
B)choanae.
C)coloboma.
D)retinitis pigmentosa.

Question 12

The number of children from birth to 22 years of age who are deaf-blind is estimated to be about

A)100.
B)1,000.
C)10,000.
D)100,000.

Question 13

Estimates are that each year about what percent of school-age children acquire a brain injury?

A)5.0%
B)0.5%
C)50%
D)0.05%

Question 14

Each of the following is a symptom of CHARGE syndrome EXCEPT

A)abnormally shaped pupils.
B)tunnel vision.
C)paralysis or weakness of facial nerves.
D)heart defects.

Question 15

In Canada,definitions of deaf-blindness

A)are common across provinces.
B)vary widely across provinces.
C)are based on easily measurable criteria.
D)are created by the Canadian National Institute for the Blind.

Question 16

affective education and treatment for students with TBI often requires each of the following EXCEPT

A)avoid trying to develop a personal relationship.
B)practice classroom behaviour management techniques.
C)engage in family therapy.
D)arrange communication training.

Question 17

All low-incidence,severe and multiple exceptionalities combined probably affect what percent of the population?

A)about 2%
B)less than 1%
C)about .2%
D)about .1%

Question 18

Many teacher do not want students with TBI in their classrooms because

A)they typically require a guide dog.
B)these students exhibit troublesome characteristics.
C)the parents of these students are often overinvolved.
D)these students may require medical attention at any time.

Question 19

A syndrome that causes deaf-blindness and is characterized by a combination of physical anomalies present at birth

A)Usher syndrome.
B)Down syndrome.
C)Asperger syndrome.
D)CHARGE syndrome.

Question 20

Each of the following is a category of causes of deaf-blindness EXCEPT

A)prenatal conditions.
B)genetic/chromosomal syndromes.
C)postnatal conditions.
D)perinatal conditions.

Question 21

Tactual signals that can convey a number of messages depending on the situation and context are

A)hand-under-hand guidance.
B)touch cues.
C)adapted signs.
D)tactual signs.

Question 22

Which of the following is a fundamental assumption of positive behavioural support?

A)Typically,one factor alone is responsible for the presence of specific behaviour.
B)Each behaviour carries a communicative intent.
C)Some behaviours have no communicative intent.
D)Positive behavioural support is not like behaviour modification.

Question 23

In addressing the needs of students with deaf-blindness,two principles that practitioners and parents should keep in mind are

A)incidental learning and structured routines.
B)direct instruction and structured routines.
C)direct instruction and variable routines.
D)indirect instruction and structured routines.

Question 24

Repeated physical self-abuse,such as biting,scratching,or poking oneself,head banging,and so on is called

A)self-torture.
B)self-injurious behaviour.
C)self-abuse.
D)self-stimulation.

Question 25

Methods of communication that may be appropriate for students who are deaf-blind include all of the following EXCEPT

A)touch cues.
B)braille.
C)hand-under-hand guidance.
D)communication boards.

Question 26

Each of the following statements about the self-stimulation of students with severe exceptionalities is true EXCEPT

A)the type of self-stimulation is what differentiates it from the norm.
B)it may take a wide variety of forms.
C)nearly everyone engages in some form of self-stimulation.
D)the rate of self-stimulation is what differentiates it from the norm.

Question 27

Most authorities agree that the biggest obstacle faced by persons with deaf-blindness is

A)self-help skills.
B)accessing information.
C)navigating the environment.
D)communication.

Question 28

The process of finding out why or under what circumstances problem behaviour is exhibited is called

A)positive behavioural support.
B)functional behavioural assessment.
C)functional behavioural analysis.
D)positive behaviour management.

Question 29

Each of the following has been shown to sometimes cause deaf-blindness EXCEPT

A)rubella.
B)congenital cytomegalovirus.
C)meningitis.
D)childhood mumps.

Question 30

An adaptation that may be used by a person who is deaf-blind to communicate with the public is

A)assistance cards.
B)pictorial cards.
C)the long cane.
D)tape recorded messages.

Question 31

Any repetitive,stereotyped behaviour that seems to have no immediately apparent purpose other than providing sensory stimulation is

A)self-mutilation.
B)self-injury.
C)self-stimulation.
D)tantrums.

Question 32

Each of the following is a challenge particular to users of augmentative or alternative communication (AAC)not faced by natural communicators EXCEPT

A)there are no systems that allow for expression of complex,abstract thoughts.
B)AAC is much slower.
C)users of AAC who are not literate must rely on a vocabulary and symbols selected by others.
D)AAC must be constructed to be useful in a variety of social contexts.

Question 33

Each of the following is considered a criterion essential for early intervention programs in special education EXCEPT

A)research- or value-based practices.
B)family-centred practices.
C)services provided by independent professionals.
D)chronologically age-appropriate practices.

Question 34

The fact that Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder means that

A)both parents must carry the gene and there is a 50% chance of the child having the syndrome.
B)one parent can carry the gene and there is a 25% chance of the child having the syndrome.
C)both parents must carry the gene and there is a 25% chance of the child having the syndrome
D)one parent can carry the gene and there is a 50% chance of the child having the syndrome.

Question 35

John has Autism and often flaps his hands for no apparent reason.John is engaging in

A)aggression toward others.
B)self-stimulation.
C)augmentative communication.
D)self-injury.

Question 36

A type of augmentative or alternative communication that requires someone else to physically assist the intended communicator that appears to have been discredited by research is

A)falsified communication.
B)prompted communication.
C)assisted communication.
D)facilitated communication.

Question 37

Augmentative and alternative communication is mainly used for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)to allow individuals to demonstrate their language skills.
B)to allow individuals to develop more sophisticated language skills.
C)to allow individuals to express their emotions.
D)to allow individuals to avoid learning basic literacy.

Question 38

Any manual or electronic means by which a person who is unable to communicate through normal speech can express wants and needs,share information,engage in social closeness,or manage social etiquette is

A)facilitated communication.
B)augmentative or alternative communication.
C)manual communication.
D)applied functional communication.

Question 39

Madeline's mother told her to pick up her stuffed bear and put it away.Madeline threw herself to the ground and began kicking and screaming.Madeline's mom put the bear away herself,telling Madeline,"O.K. ,O.K. ,calm down." Madeline quickly ended her tantrum and returned to playing.Which statement is true?

A)The mother's behaviour makes future tantrums less likely.
B)The mother's behaviour reinforced the tantrum behaviour.
C)The mother imposed an unreasonable demand on her child.
D)People with multiple severe exceptionalities should not be expected to do chores.

Question 40

Augmentative or alternative communication is most appropriate for those

A)with any level of intellectual ability.
B)who are of at least average intelligence.
C)who have an intellectual disability.
D)who are of below average intelligence.

Question 41

In secondary school,educational programming for individuals with severe exceptionalities should include

A)simulations of worklike tasks.
B)experiences in work settings in the community.
C)experiences in sheltered workshops.
D)classroom based academic curriculum.

Question 42

By the time they graduate from high school,nearly 4 percent of students may have TBI.

Question 43

The term deaf-blindness includes those with a combination of low-vision and mild hearing impairments.

Question 44

The story of Helen Keller is testimony,in part,to the power of intensive special education instruction.

Question 45

Patting a child who is deaf-blind on the shoulder is a clear way of indicating positive feedback.

Question 46

Many students with exceptionalities are more reliant than those without exceptionalities on student-centred teaching methods.

Question 47

According to IDEA,the term "children with severe exceptionalities" includes those with severe emotional exceptionalities.

Question 48

The effects of TBI are always severe and permanent.

Question 49

Because they are so "high tech," augmentative communication devices or systems are always very expensive.

Question 50

The major symptoms of Usher syndrome are hearing loss,vision loss,and intellectual disabilities.

Question 51

Each of the following statements about early intervention is true EXCEPT

A)Although some parents do not need to be educated about how to be better parents,it is best to assume that they do in order to avoid overlooking a likely problem.
B)Someone in the program,or immediately available,should speak the family's preferred language.
C)Professionals in related disciplines should work collaboratively,not independently.
D)Developmentally appropriate practices should be balanced with practices that are also chronologically age appropriate.

Question 52

A recent census indicates that there are about 100,00 adults with deaf-blindness.

Question 53

Before age 5,the main cause of TBI is vehicular accidents.

Question 54

Each of the following is an example of vocational training that would likely occur in elementary school EXCEPT

A)learning to keep a schedule.
B)student volunteering at different jobs.
C)performing work-like tasks.
D)building social skills.

Question 55

Females are more prone to TBI than males are.

Question 56

People with a severe exceptionality in any area tend to have multiple exceptionalities.

Question 57

The need for AAC has been decreasing as more people with severe exceptionalities are being taught to use natural language.

Question 58

A change in philosophy regarding transition programming for individuals with severe or multiple exceptionalities is represented by current emphasis on the following two concepts

A)self-determination and natural supports.
B)sheltered workshops and competitive employment.
C)person-centred plans and self-determination.
D)self-determination and facilitated supports.

Question 59

Michelle is an early intervention specialist who works with families who have children with severe exceptionalities.Although they are not proven to be effective by research,she knows that she needs to provide individualized practices for each family,communicate with family members in a non-paternalistic manner,and ensure that any placement she recommends be safe and clean.These are examples of

A)multiculturally-based practices.
B)cross-disciplinary collaboration.
C)family-centred practices.
D)value-based practices.

Question 60

Students who are deaf-blind likely have significant differences with mobility.

Question 61

Describe the elements of the changing philosophy of transition programming for students with severe exceptionalities.

Question 62

Teachers and others who work with individuals who have tantrums know they frequently need to withdraw demands for performance,even when the demands are reasonable.

Question 63

Early childhood special educators generally support the notion of developmentally appropriate practice,but believe it should be balanced with the need for chronologically age appropriate practices.

Question 64

Why has facilitated communication,a briefly popular type of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC),been discredited?

Question 65

Facilitated communication has been shown to be a reliable method of communicating the user's thoughts and intentions.

Question 66

Parents of students with severe exceptionalities will often need extensive training to participate in their child's educational programming.

Question 67

Describe the arguments supporting the use of a)developmentally and b)chronologically age-appropriate practices to educate students with severe exceptionalities.

Question 68

Describe two major problems that students with TBI experience with re-entry to school after their trauma.

Question 69

Explain why traumatic brain injury has been called a "hidden disability" and a "silent epidemic."

Question 70

Describe four ways that teachers of students with multiple and severe exceptionalities can collaborate with others to provide services.

Question 71

Repetitive,stereotyped behaviours such as hand flapping are usually signs of extreme distress for students with severe exceptionalities.

Question 72

Write a description of what you think life might have been like for Helen Keller if she had not had the intensive and extensive instruction she received from Annie Sullivan.

Question 73

Write a case description of an individual with traumatic brain injury (TBI)that illustrates (by example)four possible effects of TBI.

Question 74

Why should students with Usher syndrome receive intensive and extensive instruction in Braille and orientation and mobility even when they are still able to see?

Question 75

Describe what is meant by self-stimulation for an individual with severe exceptionalities and provide an example of a situation in which it may be problematic.

Question 76

With intensive instruction,many persons with severe and multiple exceptionalities are able to live independently or semi-independently.

Question 77

Explain why hand-under-hand guidance is often recommended as an alternative to hand-over-hand guidance.

Question 78

For students with severe exceptionalities,vocational training should begin in secondary school.

Question 79

Describe augmentative and alternative communication systems.What problems are associated with AAC? What are the benefits of AAC?

Question 80

The best place to teach domestic skills is usually the student's home.