Question 1

What is not considered a core value to a program to prevent childhood obesity?&#10;A) Social participation&#10;B) Health education&#10;C) Moderate to high physical activity&#10;D) Including only obese children

Accepted Answer

To promote follow-through, many programs involve team models and educating teachers and parents.Other programmatic goals include promoting sports and extracurricular activities, encouraging hobbies, and involving families and friends in a more active lifestyle.Importantly, programs emphasize setting realistic goals as key to successful outcomes.The outcomes are not measured solely by the amount of weight loss, but generally include child, adolescent, family or school satisfaction, increased knowledge of nutrition and exercise, improvement in healthy eating habits, increased levels of physical activity, and increased participation in social activities.Figure 15-6 provides examples of low-cost, noncompetitive activities that children and their families may enjoy as part of an intervention plan.

Question 2

Which statement reflects the trend in physical activity as children get older?&#10;A) Participation in activity declines across childhood and into adolescence.&#10;B) Adolescents are more physically active than preschool children.&#10;C) Puberty slows down the need for physical activity.&#10;D) Sedentary activities replace active activities as a person ages.

Accepted Answer

The Centers for Disease Control Youth Media Campaign Longitudinal Study found that 61.5% of children between the ages of 9 and 13 years did not participate in any organized physical activity in non-school hours, and 22.3% did not participate in any free-time activity.

Question 3

Into what category do children with Down syndrome who develop obesity fall?&#10;A) Obesity due to genetic or metabolic disorders&#10;B) Obesity due to developmental or congenital disorders&#10;C) Obesity as a primary disorder&#10;D) Obesity due to chronic health disorder

Accepted Answer

Excessive weight gain is further complicated by medical and congenital disorders such as diabetes, thyroid imbalance, and Down syndrome or Prader Willi syndrome.

Question 4

What can an occupational therapy (OT) practitioner do to engage the family in establishing health habits?&#10;A) Make complex suggestions that require major life changes.&#10;B) Engage the whole family in simple habit changes.&#10;C) Keep things private and encourage the family not to seek support from others.&#10;D) Make the family members feel guilty about their poor health habits.

Accepted Answer

Since family context significantly affects eating and exercise patterns, it is important to establish healthy eating and exercise habits early, before parental control over diet diminishes during adolescence.Adolescents are more likely to purchase foods outside the home.These foods are often foods of convenience, high in sugars and fats, and of questionable nutritional value.If paired with an increase in sedentary activity level (e.g., homework, fewer physical extracurricular activities) the change in diet can lead to weight gain in adolescents.Adolescence brings challenges associated with weight, diet, and exercise.It is the peak time for dysfunctional eating patterns and psychopathology.At the same time, peer and the media are influential forces in relation to behaviors and attitudes concerning weight, body image, and choices about exercise and use of discretionary time.

Question 5

What is the category for a body mass index (BMI) value that falls in the 96th percentile?&#10;A) Healthy weight&#10;B) Overweight&#10;C) Obese&#10;D) Morbidly obese

Accepted Answer

Underweight: Less than 5th percentile.
Healthy weight: 5th percentile to less than 85th percentile.
Overweight: 85th percentile to less than 95th percentile.
Obese: Equal to or greater than the 95th percentile.

Question 6

Poor body image in girls has been shown to predict which of the following?&#10;A) Poor grades and immaturity&#10;B) Sexual promiscuity and poor grades&#10;C) Depression and binge eating&#10;D) Delayed motor skills and poor abstract reasoning

Accepted Answer

Dissatisfaction with physical appearance is significantly associated with obesity, namely, poor body image, as well as psychosocial problems.Poor body image in girls has been shown to predict poor psychological function, depression, and binge eating.Furthermore, lower levels of participation in physical activities are associated with poor psychological functioning.

Question 7

What is the BMI based on?&#10;A) Height, weight, age, and gender&#10;B) Height, age, and grade&#10;C) Height, weight, and body fat&#10;D) Height, body fat measures, and grade

Accepted Answer

BMI [(weight in pounds/Height in inches) ´ 703] is a reliable method used to measure body fat.It correlates highly with direct measures of body weight (e.g., underwater weighing-displacement).
After a child's BMI is calculated, the score is plotted on the BMI for age growth chart for sex to obtain the child's percentile ranking.This ranking rates the child relative to children of the same age and sex.

Question 8

Which factor is not associated with childhood obesity?&#10;A) Quality of diet&#10;B) Level of physical activity&#10;C) Family history of obesity&#10;D) Living in a ranch house

Accepted Answer

Factors associated with childhood and adolescent obesity.These include:
.biological/Physiological factors.
.genetic disorders, medical conditions.
.hormonal or endocrine disorders (e.g., hypothyroidism, diabetes).
.diet.
.limited physical activity and sedentary lifestyle.
.personal contexts: family, friends, and peer networks.
.family stressors.
.parent education, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
.parents' limit setting concerning food choices.
.family physical activity patterns, interests, and leisure activities.
.family preference for sedentary activity patterns.
.factors associated with health (e.g., medications, chronic health conditions, asthma that restricts participation in physical activity).
.environment: unsafe urban settings (e.g., playgrounds with poorly maintained equipment or used as meeting places for adults engaging in criminal activities, under-resourced schools, high-density communities with limited access to fresh produce and healthy food choices, limited community resources for participating in physical activities).
.access to affordable health care services across the life span (e.g., prenatal and postnatal care, early childhood screening).

Question 9

What percentage of children or adolescents who are overweight report being teased compared with 15% of those of average weight?&#10;A) 100%&#10;B) 45%&#10;C) 15%&#10;D) 0%

Accepted Answer

The 1 out of 3 Americans between 2 and 19 years old who are overweight or obese are vulnerable to weight-based bullying.They are subject to teasing, discrimination, and social exclusion.For example, in one study, 45% of children with weight issues reported being teased, compared with 15% of children with normal weights.

Question 10

Which strategy is not recommended for managing and preventing obesity in children and adolescents?&#10;A) Set many short-term, achievable goals at a time.&#10;B) Address issues of health rather than weight.&#10;C) Encourage the child to have regular sleeping hours.&#10;D) Do not completely deny child occasional sweets or soda.

Accepted Answer

Box 15-5
Managing and Preventing Obesity
.Set goals that are obtainable, simple, and easy to measure.
.Set one short achievable goal at a time.
.Make goals very concrete so the child sees progress.For example, provide child with a pedometer to measure distance walked.Have simple short-term goals such as walk to best friend's house or walk to the nearest store.
.Develop goals with child or adolescent.Have child set own reward system.
.Keep goals positive.For example, walk to the end of the street every other day rather than do not watch TV on Tuesdays.
.Involve friends and family in goals.
.Minimize the number of breads, sweets, and soda and replace with healthy choices such as fruit, vegetables, and water at home.
.Do not completely deny child occasional sweets or soda.Otherwise, he or she may crave them and eat more when they are available to him or her.
.Address issues of health rather than weight.
.Focus on the child's volition (interests, motivation, and desires) to engage in a variety of activities.
.Build on existing physical and healthy routines and habits.
.Consistently repeat new behaviors until they become part of the child's everyday behaviors.
.Encourage child to get regular sleeping hours.
.Involve child in chores that require physical effort (e.g., sweeping, taking out garbage, raking, running errands).
Sample goals:
.Mark will eat a vegetable at each meal.
.Diane will play outside with her family or friends for 1 hour each day.
.Jose and his family will drink water instead of soda during the weekend.
.Rochelle will try Frisbee and tee ball (two new activities) at least three times.
.Sajay will help his parent prepare a low-fat, low-carbohydrate meal (once a week).

Question 11

Which intervention approach helps children identify their thinking and behaviors that may be interfering with making healthy food choices and participating in physical activity?&#10;A) Social learning theory&#10;B) Health education&#10;C) Behavioral modification&#10;D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which intervention approach helps children identify their...

Question 12

What is the recommended physical activity level for children?&#10;A) Vigorous activity for 1 hour daily.&#10;B) Moderate activity for 30 minutes daily.&#10;C) Quiet activity all day long.&#10;D) Outdoor play for at least 20 minutes daily.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the recommended physical activity level...

Question 13

According to Kielhofner, what is one way to target childhood obesity?&#10;A) Through volition-engage children in activities they will sustain over time.&#10;B) Change the environment so that children are not allowed sweets or fats.&#10;C) Through habits-engage children in 2 hours of physical training each day.&#10;D) Through performance-encourage children to work out more intensely each day.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Kielhofner, what is one way...

Question 14

What is the problem with sedentary activities (e.g., playing computer games) in regard to obesity?&#10;A) They require a low expenditure of energy.&#10;B) They displace high-energy activities.&#10;C) They place visual strain on the eyes.&#10;D) Children eat while they play.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the problem with sedentary activities...

Question 15

Which is not a factor associated with obesity in children?&#10;A) Foods are used as a reward.&#10;B) There is a lack of effective intervention.&#10;C) Children are offered limited education on healthy nutrition.&#10;D) Children are unmotivated to change.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is not a factor associated with...

Deck 15: Childhood and Adolescent Obesity