Deck 4: Sampling Foundations of Sampling

Question 1

One of the goals of sampling is to ensure that the results generated from studying the sample can be generalized to the greater population.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What type of samples are selected on the basis of researcher judgment?​

A)nonprobability
B)probability
C)random
D)simple

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Nonprobability sampling methods tend to be used during the early stages of testing a new program,intervention,or treatment.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The list of accessible members of the population is called a(n)____.

A)sampling frame
B)target population
C)participant list
D)census role

Question 5

A "population" is the group of people you select to be in your study.

Question 6

The group you wish to generalize to is the ____.

A)sample
B)population
C)theoretical population
D)accessible population

Question 7

The group of people you select to be in your study is the ____.

A)sample
B)population
C)theoretical population
D)accessible population

Question 8

The two types of sampling used in research are random sampling and probabilistic sampling.

Question 9

Simple random sampling is also called proportional random sampling.

Question 10

The dimension along which a study context can be related to other potential contexts is called the ____.

A)sampling frame
B)generalizability
C)similarity index
D)gradient of similarity

Question 11

Larger surveys and controlled studies generally employ nonprobability sampling techniques.

Question 12

A threat to external validity is an explanation of how making a generalization might be wrong.

Question 13

Generalizability is possible when a study has good internal validity.

Question 14

The model for generalizing from one study to other contexts,based upon the degree to which the other context is similar to the original study context,is called the ____.

A)Proximal Similarity Model
B)sampling model
C)Respondent-Driven model
D)gradient model

Question 15

The summary of numerical responses from a sample of a population is called a parameter.

Question 16

Systematic error in an estimate is referred to as ____.

A)bias
B)variance
C)range
D)displacement

Question 17

The group from which you will actually sample in reality is the ____.

A)census
B)population
C)theoretical population
D)accessible population

Question 18

The group which you would ideally like to sample is the ____.

A)census
B)population
C)theoretical population
D)accessible population

Question 19

The process of making an inference that the results observed in a sample would hold in the population of interest is called ____.

A)generalizing
B)deducing
C)modeling
D)inducing

Question 20

The more a study is replicated in different contexts,the stronger the internal validity will be.

Question 21

The spread of the averages around the average of averages in a sampling distribution is called the ____.

A)standard deviation
B)variance
C)standard error
D)sampling error

Question 22

In ____ sampling,the major subgroups of the population are represented in equal amounts.

A)proportional quota
B)snowball
C)heterogeneity
D)expert

Question 23

When sampling is done to find certain types of people,such as people who have been married for at least two years,the sample is most likely a(n)____ sample.

A)quota
B)purposive
C)modal instance
D)expert

Question 24

The best estimate of a population parameter is the ____.

A)standard error
B)sample statistic
C)sample parameter
D)standard statistic

Question 25

An experiment conducted by a college professor with introductory psychology students from his school as the subjects is most likely to be using a(n)____ sample.

A)convenience
B)purposive
C)modal instance
D)heterogeneity

Question 26

In a sample that interviews only some of the individuals in a population,the mean or average income is properly termed a(n)____.

A)statistic
B)parameter
C)tendency
D)true value

Question 27

Assume that the scores on a test of anxiety are normally distributed.Assume that the mean score is 6 and the standard error is 0.25.About 68% of the scores will fall in the range ____.

A)5.75 to 6.25
B)5.5 to 6.5
C)5.25 to 6.75
D)5.0 to 7.0

Question 28

A ____ indicates the upper and lower bounds of the estimate of a statistic.

A)span of variability
B)probability interval
C) 
Range​
D)confidence interval

Question 29

In sampling notation,N refers to the ____.

A)number of cases in the sampling frame
B)number of cases in the sample
C)number of possible subsets
D)sampling fraction

Question 30

If you are dealing with raw data and you can assume a ____,you can predict the intervals within which 68,95,and 99 percent of your cases would be expected to fall if you know the mean and standard deviation of a sample.

A)normal distribution
B)random sample
C)representative sample
D)bivariate distribution

Question 31

Any sample that focuses on diversity or variety is known as a(n)____ sample.

A)quota
B)snowball
C)heterogeneity
D)expert

Question 32

Any sampling method in which sampling continues until a specific number of sampled units for each subgroup of a population have been included is called a(n)____ sample.

A)quota
B)snowball
C)heterogeneity
D)expert

Question 33

A sample that starts with subjects known to the experimenter,and is enlarged by adding subjects known to the first set of subjects and so on,is a(n)____ sample.

A)quota
B)snowball
C)heterogeneity
D)expert

Question 34

In sampling notation,NCn refers to the ____.

A)number of cases in the sampling frame
B)number of cases in the sample
C)number of possible subsets
D)sampling fraction

Question 35

A sample that includes individuals with known qualifications or experiences is known as a(n)____ sample.

A)quota
B)snowball
C)heterogeneity
D)expert

Question 36

A clinical trial is most likely to use a ____ sample.

A)nonprobability
B)probability
C)random
D)simple

Question 37

Assume that the scores on a test of visual memory are normally distributed.Assume that the mean score is 10 and the standard error is 0.5.About 95% will fall in the range ____.

A)9.5 to 10.5
B)9.0 to 11.0
C)8.5 to 11.5
D)8.0 to 12.0

Question 38

In a census that interviews all individuals in a population,the mean or average income is properly termed a(n)____.

A)statistic
B)parameter
C)tendency
D)true value

Question 39

The theoretical distribution of an infinite number of samples of the population of interest in a study is called a(n)____ distribution.

A)probabilistic
B)sampling
C)likelihood
D)error

Question 40

Following a natural disaster,interviewers seek out "typical" victims to ask them about their experiences.In doing so,they are seeking a(n)____ sample.

A)convenience
B)purposive
C)modal instance
D)expert

Question 41

In considering sample size,the bigger the sample,the greater the ____.

A)power
B)range
C)standard error
D)variance

Question 42

What type of sample divides the population into nonoverlapping groups of N₁,N₂,N₃,...Ni,such that N₁ + N₂ + N₃ + ...+ Ni + N = N,and then performs a simple random sample of ƒ = n/N in each of the nonoverlapping groups?​

A)simple random
B)stratified random
C)systematic random
D)cluster random

Question 43

When sampling,there is the possibility of introducing systematic error,or _______________.

Question 44

In sampling notation,ƒ = n/N refers to ____.

A)the number of cases in the sampling frame
B)the number of cases in the sample
C)the number of possible subsets
D)the sampling fraction

Question 45

Tonja wants to evaluate the effects of a new school breakfast program on student conduct and academic achievement.She cannot evaluate every student in every school in the district,so she randomly selects several schools and then collects data on all of the students in those schools.What type of sample is she using?​

A)simple random
B)stratified random
C)systematic random
D)cluster random

Question 46

Assembling a sample of persons with known or demonstrable experience in some area is referred to as _______________.

Question 47

The model for generalizing in which the population is identified,a fair sample is drawn,the research is conducted,and finally the results are generalized to other populations or groups is referred to as a(n)_______________.

Question 48

In what type of sample would you divide the sample into groups,typically along geographic lines,randomly select groups,and then measure all units within the sampled groups?​

A)simple random
B)stratified random
C)systematic random
D)cluster random

Question 49

The process of making an inference that the results observed in a sample would hold in the population of interest is referred to as _______________.

Question 50

In sampling notation,n refers to the ____.

A)number of cases in the sampling frame
B)number of cases in the population
C)number of possible units in the sample
D)sampling fraction

Question 51

The dimension along which a study context can be related to other potential contexts to which the results might generalize is called the _______________.

Question 52

A sampling method where you determine randomly where you want to start selecting in the sampling frame and then follow a rule to select every xth element in the sampling frame list is called a ____ method.

A)simple random
B)stratified random
C)systematic random
D)cluster random

Question 53

What type of sample selects n units out of N such that each NCn has an equal probability of being samples,simply by using a table of random numbers,a computer random-number generator,or a mechanical device to select the sample?​

A)simple random
B)stratified random
C)systematic random
D)cluster random

Question 54

In research,_______________ is the process of selecting units for study from a population of interest.

Question 55

The degree to which the conclusions in your study would hold for other persons in other places and at other times is referred to as _______________.

Question 56

The _______________ is a model for generalizing from a study to other contexts based upon the degree to which the other context is similar to the study context.

Question 57

A(n)_______________ indicates the lower and upper bounds of the estimate of a statistic.

Question 58

Stratified random sampling that tries to ensure an equal number of units per group is also called ____ random sampling.

A)modal
B)disproportionate
C)independent
D)proportional

Question 59

The difference between nonprobability and probability sampling is that nonprobability sampling does not involve _______________ and probability sampling does.

Question 60

After a large local charity is rocked by a spending scandal,Marc wants to know how benefactors feel about the charity and what changes they would like to see made in the future.Marc randomly selects 100 individuals from the list of 1500 by using a random number generator.Marc's sample is best described as a ____ sample.

A)simple random
B)stratified random
C)systematic random
D)cluster random

Question 61

The spread of the averages around the average of averages in a sampling distribution is called the _______________.

Question 62

In _______________,people are nonrandomly selected until a specific number of sampled units for each subgroup of a population have been selected.

Question 63

The method of sampling that involves dividing the population into homogeneous subgroups and then taking a simple random sample in each subgroup is _______________.

Question 64

In _______________,the sampling is being done for the most frequent or typical case.

Question 65

Explain the proximal similarity model with an example.

Question 66

Define the theoretical and accessible populations and explain how they are related.

Question 67

What is systematic random sampling and how is it accomplished?​

Question 68

What is purposive sampling? Illustrate with an example.

Question 69

What are snowball and respondent-driven sampling,and how are they related?​

Question 70

The nonprobability sampling method that combines chain-referral with a statistical weighting system that helps compensate for the fact that the sample was not drawn randomly is known as _______________.