Deck 17: Presenting the Findings

Question 1

Researchers and reviewers should accept statistical significance with

A) the belief that statistically significant results are the final word.
B) cautious regard for how results might apply to practice.
C) the view that careful appraisal is needed to apply results to theory.
D) the idea that additional testing is not necessary.

Answer 1

cautious regard for how results might apply to practice.

Question 2

What critical behaviour should investigators demonstrate when presenting their results?

A) Researcher bias
B) Appropriateness
C) Objectivity
D) Inference

Answer 2

Objectivity

Question 3

What conclusion should be drawn when the research hypothesis is not supported by the findings of a study?

A) The theoretical framework is invalid.
B) The study findings have no relevance.
C) The researcher should have used a different statistical test.
D) The study has one or more problems that restrict adequate investigation of the phenomenon.

Answer 3

The study has one or more problems that restrict adequate investigation of the phenomenon.

Question 4

Which research result is reported in an objective manner?

A) Surprisingly, the results showed a positive relationship between marital conflict and psychological adjustment in women with a childhood history of abuse.
B) A distressing result was found indicating a positive relationship between maternal smoking and respiratory distress in neonates.
C) The results indicated a positive relationship between death anxiety and adherence to medication regimens in gay men with HIV infection or AIDS.
D) Interestingly, a positive relationship was found between relapse into unsafe sexual behaviours and the healthy appearance of sexual partners in HIV-positive heterosexual men.

Question 5

What is the primary role of figures and tables in a research report?

A) To substantiate the researcher's conclusions
B) To develop a framework for future research in the area
C) To clarify which variable was treated as an independent variable
D) To facilitate the presentation of large amounts of data

Question 6

What is included in the "Discussion" section of a research report?

A) Analysis of the data revealed that many of the women who were family caregivers were not following recommended breast cancer screening practices and lacked knowledge of these practices. This has implications for patient education in primary care settings.
B) The study was conducted to evaluate breast health protection behaviours of women who were family caregivers of children with special health care needs.
C) The findings revealed that 34.6% of women who were family caregivers performed monthly breast self-examinations, and 48% had a yearly mammogram.
D) The Health Belief Model was used as the conceptual framework for this study.

Question 7

The results section of a research report includes what?

A) Instruments
B) Data
C) Design
D) Theory

Question 8

The quantification of the uncertainty of a statistic is considered what?

A) Confidence interval
B) Retro-evaluation
C) Theoretical critique
D) Interpretation of analysis

Question 9

How should these statements be interpreted? (1)"There is a positive relationship between the degree of social support available to new mothers and maternal attachment scores." (2)"The Pearson correlation coefficient was r = 0.79,p < 0.05."

A) The hypothesis was proven.
B) The hypothesis was supported.
C) The result was clinically significant but not statistically significant.
D) The statistical analysis indicates that the positive correlation was a chance event.

Question 10

The nurse researcher's suggestions for a study's application to practice is include where?

A) Findings
B) Limitations
C) Generalizability
D) Recommendations

Question 11

What is the use of tables in a research report?

A) They are intended to repeat the narrative description of the results.
B) They should contain only statistically significant results.
C) Their intended use is to eliminate the need for a narrative description of the findings.
D) They must have clear and accurate titles and headings to be of value.

Question 12

Generalization of a study's findings to populations beyond the one on which the study is based,whether by investigators or reviewers,is

A) accurate.
B) appropriate.
C) inappropriate.
D) supportable.

Question 13

What is the purpose of the "Discussion" section of a research report?

A) Objective presentation of data
B) Interpretation of the study's meaning
C) Opportunity to thank the researcher's co-workers
D) Examination of the suitability of the research design to its stated purpose

Question 14

A discussion of a study's weaknesses and limitations includes what?

A) Design
B) Scientific value
C) Generalizability
D) Prospects for publication

Question 15

Questions such as "What contributions to nursing does this study make?" and "What are the strength,quality,and consistency of the evidence provided by the findings?" are posed to the investigator.Which part of the "Discussion" section do they stimulate the investigator to describe?

A) Inferences
B) Summary
C) Limitations
D) Recommendations

Question 16

A nurse researcher should be included in the results section of a research report?

A) A list of the cited literature
B) Interpretation of the data
C) Objective presentation of the research design
D) Recommendations for future research

Question 17

In a research report,which section is the most appropriate place for the description of a study's limitations?

A) Results
B) Methods
C) Discussion
D) Recommendations

Question 18

The findings of a study include what?

A) Data collection and transcription
B) Results and discussion
C) Descriptive analysis and inferential analysis
D) Theoretical framework and conceptualization

Question 19

A nurse researcher should include what in a research report's "Results" section?

A) Hypothesis or research question
B) Descriptive statistics
C) Literature review
D) Theoretical framework

Question 20

When researchers write the "Discussion" section of a study report,what aspect of their research should they use to evaluate the findings?

A) Method
B) Introduction
C) Theoretical framework
D) Data analysis

Question 21

Which section of the report allows the researcher to determine if evidence provided in the findings validates current practice or supports the need for change?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Recommendations
D) Methods

Question 22

How should researchers and reviewers accept statistical significance?

A) With the belief that statistically significant results are the final word
B) With the cautious regard for how results might apply to practice
C) With the view that careful appraisal is necessary to apply results to theory
D) With the idea that additional testing is not necessary

Question 23

Which section of the report allows the nurse researcher to address support of the theoretical framework?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 24

Which section of the report allows a nurse researcher to review critical summary numbers for each test?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 25

Which section of the report allows a nurse researcher to review reduction of data in the form of tables and figures?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 26

A researcher makes generalizations beyond the population being studied.This is known as what?

A) Accurate
B) Appropriate
C) Inappropriate
D) Supportable

Question 27

In which section of the report will the nurse researcher address applicability to practice and future research?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 28

Which section of the report allows a nurse researcher to review all data,including data that are not significant?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 29

If a study's results are not supported statistically or are only partially supported,research consumers should conclude that the study is what?

A) Irrelevant
B) Important to review
C) Proven
D) Unconfirmed

Question 30

Which section of the report will allow the nurse researcher to determine what contribution the study makes to nursing?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Recommendations
D) Methods

Question 31

When researchers write the Discussion section of a study,which section of the report is used to evaluate the findings?

A) Method
B) Introduction
C) Theoretical framework
D) Data analysis

Question 32

The nurse researcher can determine if the sampling size was adequate in which section of the report?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 33

Which section of the report will allow the nurse researcher to determine the strength,quality,and consistency of the evidence provided by the findings?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Recommendations
D) Methods

Question 34

When reporting results,investigators should demonstrate what?

A) Subjectivity
B) Appropriateness
C) Objectivity
D) Inference

Question 35

Which section of the report allows the nurse researcher to address limitations or weaknesses of the study?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 36

Which section of the report allows a nurse researcher to report unforeseen events that occurred during the course of the study?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 37

Which section of the report allows the nurse researcher to determine if bias arose during the study?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 38

The section of the report in which the nurse researcher determines if the theoretical thinking used was correct is called what?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 39

The nurse researcher questions the strength,quality,and consistency of the evidence provided by the findings.This is described in which part of the discussion section?

A) Inferences
B) Summary
C) Limitations
D) Recommendations

Question 40

Which section of the report allows the nurse researcher to determine if data collection was consistent?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 41

A problem with the study's validity would be classified as what?

A) Unsupported data
B) Poor interpretation of results
C) Limitation
D) Lack of objectivity

Question 42

Which section of the report allows the nurse researcher to discuss the analysis choices?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 43

In which section of the report does the nurse researcher address supported and unsupported data?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 44

When discussing the results,what facilitates presentation of large amounts of data?

A) Subjective presentation
B) Inferential statistics
C) Tables and figures
D) Descriptive statistics

Question 45

Which section of the report allows a nurse researcher to interpret the evidence provided?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 46

Tables and figures assist in presenting the findings of studies by doing what?

A) Supplementing the text
B) Repeating the text
C) Representing the results
D) Reproducing the results

Question 47

Which section of the report allows a nurse researcher to review the descriptive and inferential statistics for each hypothesis or research question?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 48

When presenting results,it is essential that investigators avoid what?

A) Opinion
B) Bias
C) Reactionary statements
D) Data

Question 49

The findings of a study include what?

A) Methods
B) Conclusions
C) Interpretations
D) Theories

Question 50

Characteristics of a good table include what?

A) It supplements and economizes the text.
B) It repeats text frequently for added emphasis.
C) It has precise titles and headings.
D) It does not repeat the text.
E) There is creativity in the presentation of data.

Question 51

Which section of the report allows the nurse researcher to determine if instruments were reliable and valid?

A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods

Question 52

Limitations of a study are often attributed to what?

A) Instruments
B) Sampling methods
C) Analysis
D) Literature review