Deck 15: Looking Ahead: Helping Families Flourish

Question 1

Your 16-year-old teenage sister is pregnant, and your family sees this as a serious crisis. However, they are able to weather this crisis because of their commitment to each other, emotional support, and good communication skills. These are examples of:

A)family protective factors.
B)parenting resilience factors.
C)family recovery factors.
D)family promotion factors.
E)individual recovery factors.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Family protective factors:

A)are micro-level characteristics.
B)assist families in "bouncing back" from a crisis situation.
C)are social networks, religious and faith-based fellowships, for example.
D)are family policies, such as maternity leave.
E)are personal characteristics you developed early in life, such as intelligence, sense of humor, or creativity.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

An example of a universal program or policy in the United States is:

A)higher education.
B)health care.
C)cash welfare assistance.
D)food assistance programs.
E)police protection.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Americans are more likely than other developed countries to believe:

A)inequality is caused by the structure of society.
B)children benefit all of society and are the responsibility of all citizens.
C)poverty is caused by personal laziness or individual failure.
D)families should not be left to fend for themselves.
E)taxes to pay for programs are everyone's responsibility.

Question 5

The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP):

A)was created in the 1990s to insure children in working families with incomes too high to qualify for Medicaid, but too low to afford private family
Coverage.
B)provides dental care for children through young adults up to age 29.
C)has ensured that virtually all needy children receive basic medical care.
D)was developed alongside Medicare in the 1960s.
E)covers children who live in households with incomes up to $20,000 a year.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Compared to France, the United States has a strong family policy, but weak family programs.
B)Compared to France, programs and policies of the United States tend to be more selective.
C)France's programs are more likely to be means-tested, compared to the United States.
D)France is one of only three developed nations that offer paid maternity/paternity leave, national health insurance, and family allowances.
E)In France, mothers are more likely to feel guilty for combining work and family.

Question 7

Which of the following developed nations does not offer universal health care, a family allowance, or paid maternal/paternal leave at childbirth?

A)Australia
B)Japan
C)Italy
D)Canada
E)The United States

Question 8

Nuan has a positive self-concept and is intelligent, creative, and independent. These are examples of:

A)SCHIP protective factors.
B)family recovery factors.
C)simplified personality.
D)complex personality.
E)individual protective factors.

Question 9

The Family Medical Leave Act of 1993, signed by President Clinton, requires:

A)employers with over 50 employees to offer 12 weeks of unpaid maternity leave.
B)all employers to provide unpaid leave for maternity.
C)employers with over 10 employees to offer family allowances.
D)employers with over 50 employees to offer family allowances.
E)all employers to provide 6 weeks of paid maternity leave.

Question 10

Some people have difficult lives, yet overcome adversity and are successful and well-adjusted. In the face of life's many challenges, they have overcome many, if not all, of them. These individuals show:

A)protective factors.
B)resilience.
C)SCHIP.
D)cumulative advantage and disadvantage.
E)EITC.

Question 11

The intervention program that combines early childhood education with parent education, which is designed to improve school readiness and basic cognitive skills for low-income preschool-aged children, is called:

A)universal programs.
B)Head Start.
C)early childhood interventions.
D)Medicare programs.
E)family allowances.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is FALSE about families leaving TANF, according to a study of 552 families in Oregon?

A)The recipients' average income hovered near the poverty line, but their income rendered them ineligible for a number of important services.
B)Forty percent had no health insurance and 21 percent had at least one child uninsured.
C) One-third had cut or skipped meals entirely because of a lack of money.
D)Almost one-quarter had a medical debt averaging nearly $1,000.
E)Some parents skip or cut their children's meals to save money.

Question 13

Marian benefits from several public health and social welfare programs for her family that provide prenatal care, immunizations, and food and nutritional supplements, including the feeding program Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). These are examples of:

A)universal programs.
B)Head Start.
C)early childhood interventions.
D)Medicare programs.
E)family allowances.

Question 14

When policies or programs are __________, persons must meet an income requirement to qualify for benefits.

A)selective
B)universal
C)open
D)means-tested
E)income-categorized

Question 15

Family policy is an example of a __________ perspective toward enhancing resilience.

A)macro-level
B)micro-level

Question 16

The Kauai Longitudinal Study found that:

A)national health insurance improved access to health care.
B)the window for resilience is generally from age nine to age 18.
C)tTwo-thirds of those children who experienced four or more risk factors by age two developed learning or behavior problems by age 18, and most continued to
Have serious problems through adulthood.
D)resilience can be developed at any point in the life course.
E)selective programs enabled families to become more cohesive.

Question 17

Diego is a working father who earns low wages, and receives a refundable federal tax credit that reduces the amount of taxes he owes on April 15. This program is called:

A)Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF).
B)Family Encouragement Policy (FEP).
C)Living Wage.
D)Cumulative Tax Policy (CTP).
E)Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC).

Question 18

Which of the following statements about telecommuting (flexplace)is FALSE?

A)It involves maintaining a virtual office or working from home.
B)It is rising in popularity because of a growing concern about the automobile's effect on global warming, the rising price of gasoline, and the increasing numbers of parents combining work and family.
C)Employees who were allowed to telecommute some or part of the time had less desire to leave the company.
D)Given the benefits of telecommuting most workers are eager to telecommute and relatively confident that it will work out well.
E)There are about 45 million telecommuters.

Question 19

A strong community:

A)separates children from adults so that children can socialize with and learn from each other.
B)is an important means of developing resilient youth, but also fosters resilience among adults.
C)has community facilities and events for adults, of which youth can attend.
D)implies that since the focus for youth is education, extra-curricular activities in school should be kept to a minimum.
E)is the focus of the EITC.

Question 20

Ruby, who is trying to juggle work and family as a single mother, appreciates that she can go into work early so that she will be able to pick her daughters up from school in the afternoon. According to the text, this is known as:

A)selective time.
B)TANF.
C)flextime.
D)family encouragement policy.
E)a child-friendly work environment.

Question 21

The resilience literature must add a focus on macro-level structural factors, such as family programs and policies.

Question 22

A "three-legged stool" refers to what issue discussed in the text?

A)Poverty rate differences between children, adults, and the elderly.
B)The idea in the United States that elders receive income from three primary sources: Social Security, private pensions, and personal assets and savings.
C)Cumulative advantages and disadvantages associated with sex, race/ethnicity, and social class.
D)Adult children caring for their aging parents and their own children.
E)The failures of Medicare as the health policy program for the elderly.

Question 23

In the United States, only __________ percent of children ages two and under, and __________ percent of children ages three to school-age, are in publicly funded childcare programs.

A)5; 25
B)1; 14
C)28; 15
D)28; 33
E)5; 7

Question 24

One of the themes of this text has been to illustrate how our personal experiences, choices, and constraints are influenced by historical and cultural forces, social positions, and social institutions. Another way of saying this is:

A)individual protective factors promote resiliency.
B)empirical data can tell us right from wrong.
C)cumulative advantage and disadvantage do affect people in later life.
D)linking micro-level and macro-level perspectives helps us understand families.
E)resiliency is less likely to occur when there is access to a role model, friend, or confidant.

Question 25

Michelle has a paid and guaranteed leave from work to care for her children after she gave birth to her second child. This is called flextime.

Question 26

Medicare:

A)is the free health care program for the elderly.
B)was created in the 1930s during the Great Depression.
C)has some parts that are automatic and some that are optional.
D)is a means-tested program.
E)is well-funded and solvent into the foreseeable future.

Question 27

Selective programs are programs for which beneficiaries need to meet some eligibility requirement to qualify.

Question 28

About __________ percent of elders live in poverty, the __________ proportion of any age group.

A)19; highest
B)15; highest
C)25; highest
D)15; lowest
E) 9; lowest

Question 29

Social networks, and religious and faith-based fellowships are examples of community factors that help promote resilience.

Question 30

The U.S. has a strong __________ currently in place.

A)maternity leave policy
B)national health insurance policy
C)family allowance policy
D)subsidized childcare policy
E)selective benefit policy

Question 31

Sophie and Alain show us:

A)that both French and U.S. policies have something to learn from each other.
B)U)S. family policy is weak with respect to maternity leaves, children with special needs, and health care.
C)People in France are upset about the high taxes they pay.
D)French family policy is weak with respect to maternity leaves, children with special needs, and health care.
E)Most French persons would prefer living in the U.S.

Question 32

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)was created in the 1990s to insure children in working families with incomes too high to qualify for Medicaid, but too low to afford private family coverage.

Question 33

Resilience tends to occur between the ages of 9 and 20.

Question 34

Social science research can help answer all of these questions EXCEPT:

A)how many abortions occurred last year.
B)whether abortion should be legal or illegal.
C)the percentage of unmarried women who had abortions.
D)the level of support a woman has for her abortion from a partner or parents.
E)the percentage who would reportedly seek an illegal abortion if a legal abortion were unavailable.

Question 35

Family protective factors are family characteristics or dynamics that assist families in bouncing back from a crisis situation.

Question 36

A refundable federal tax credit for low-income working families that reduces the amount of taxes owed is called an Earned Income Tax Credit.

Question 37

While the average child support payment due is $10,000 per year, only $6,000 is actually received, shortchanging children out of $4,000 a year.

Question 38

Chances are an 80-year-old widowed Black female who lives alone is significantly worse off than a 66-year-old married White male. Sex, race, ethnicity, and age interact to influence an individual's median income and likelihood of living in poverty. This is known as:

A)poverty rates.
B)a spurious relationship.
C)interactive behavior.
D)structural functionalist theory.
E)cumulative advantage and cumulative disadvantage.

Question 39

The Family Support Act:

A)may include withholding child support from fathers' wages, requiring states to adopt uniform standards for setting child support awards, implementing
Computerized systems for locating delinquent parents, or intercepting tax
Returns.
B)was implemented in 2001.
C)has been highly successful and compliance has improved considerably.
D)enforces child support from noncustodial fathers but not noncustodial mothers.
E)has resulted in only 1 million children who now fail to receive regular child support and the full amount that is owed them.

Question 40

A tax system under which those who earn more pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes than those who earn less is called progressive taxation.

Question 41

If low-income and poor children are eligible for SCHIP, then why are they not covered? List three reasons.

Question 42

List four specific examples of early childhood interventions.

Question 43

Cumulative advantage and disadvantage refer to pay that is high enough to allow a worker to meet basic needs in a given community, and one that will ultimately decrease the number of people dependent on social programs.

Question 44

Elizabeth demonstrates a positive self-concept, sociability, intelligence, and scholastic competence, which are examples of __________.

Question 45

Why is it important to have in place macro-level policies and programs for resilience?

Question 46

Jerome lives in a country with national health insurance. This means __________.

Question 47

Selective programs and policies are defined as __________.

Question 48

The difference in Social Security benefit size between married couples and singles is particularly acute in the United States, where elderly women who live alone are among the poorest in all developed countries.

Question 49

What benefits to family resilience do maternity/paternity leave, flextime, and flexplace share?

Question 50

The three themes of the text are:

Question 51

In France, families can offset some of the costs of childcare in two ways: one option is a childcare tax credit on the family's income tax form, and a second option, available only if provided by an employer, is that a family can set aside up to $5,000 in pre-tax dollars in a flexible spending plan for childcare.

Question 52

Most developed countries lean towards universal programs and policies, but the U.S. leans towards selective ones.

Question 53

How are family protective factors different from family recovery factors?

Question 54

Compared to other developed nations (and many less developed nations), the U.S. is the only country without:

Question 55

How does the U.S. contrast with other countries in its approach to policies and programs like health care and maternity leave?

Question 56

Societies with universal programs and policies generally fund them with __________ taxation, meaning ____________.

Question 57

The actor Jim Carrey grew up in poverty, yet he managed to thrive despite adversity.This is an example of __________.

Question 58

How are family factors and community factors similar?

Question 59

List at least three specific facts about the Earned Income Tax Credit.

Question 60

The three themes of the text are: (1)macro-level factors are more important than micro-level factors; (2)families are in a state of decline; and (3)social science research can help tell us right from wrong.

Question 61

Compare and contrast the U.S. approach to childcare and early childhood education with those of other nations mentioned in the text.

Question 62

What is family resilience, and what are its components? Be sure to provide examples.

Question 63

Distinguish between selective and universal programs and policies. Provide three examples of each type. Which type does the U.S. primarily use, and why?

Question 64

Compare the U.S. policy for maternity/paternity with those of other nations mentioned in the text. Offer possible explanations for the U.S. position.

Question 65

Describe the three themes of the text and illustrate each theme with something specific you have learned over the course.