Deck 11: Programming

Question 1

When high-level languages were originally conceived in the 1950s, they were dubbed second-generation languages because they seemed a major improvement over machine and assembly languages.​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

An important characteristic of third-generation programming languages is that the source code can be written with simple tools, such as a word processor, and this code can be easily understood by programmers.​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Structured English is a subset of the English language with a limited selection of sentence structures that reflect processing activities.​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Prolog and other declarative languages were classified as fifth-generation languages.​

Question 5

The core of a computer program is a sequence of instructions.

Question 6

Microprocessors only understand machine language, so there has to be some way to convert assembly language instructions into 1s and 0s.​

Question 7

A low-level language uses command words and grammar based on human languages.​

Question 8

An algorithm can be expressed or documented using pseudocode.

Question 9

A programming language that supports the procedural paradigm is called a declarative language.​

Question 10

Application programmers specialize in developing system software such as operating systems, device drivers, security modules, and communications software.​

Question 11

Some software engineering activities overlap with the systems analysis and design activities.

Question 12

The GOTO command is rarely used by skilled programmers because it can lead to programs that are difficult to understand and maintain.

Question 13

Algorithms are usually written in a format that is specific to a particular programming language.​

Question 14

A simple example of a repetition control structure is the if...else command.​

Question 15

Programmers specify the actual solution in the problem statement.

Question 16

Programmers insert documentation called facts into the program code.​

Question 17

An API is a set of application or operating system functions that programmers can add to the programs they create.​

Question 18

Third-generation languages added a level of abstraction to machine languages by substituting abbreviated command words for the strings of 1s and 0s used in machine languages.​

Question 19

Agile methodologies tend to be used for large software development projects involving more than ten developers, geographically dispersed development teams, and life-critical applications.​

Question 20

The process of planning a computer program begins with a problem statement that clearly defines the program's purpose.

Question 21

Generally speaking, in an object-oriented program, the objects don't interact.

Question 22

In a problem statement, you can limit complexity by making ____________.​

A) ​objects
B) ​variables
C) ​constants
D) ​assumptions

Question 23

Procedural languages encourage programmers to approach problems by breaking down the solution into a series of steps.

Question 24

The declarative paradigm is fundamentally quite similar to the procedural paradigm.​

Question 25

Prolog programming is all about facts and rules.​

Question 26

Declarative languages are commonly used for production applications.​

Question 27

The instructions that make up a computer program are sometimes referred to as __________.

A) statements
B) control
C) encapsulation
D) function

Question 28

The facts in a Prolog program are useful even without any rules.​

Question 29

The procedural approach is best used for problems that can be solved by following a step-by-step algorithm.​

Question 30

A(n) _________ provides programmers with tools to build substantial sections of a program by pointing and clicking rather than by typing lines of code.

A) repetition control structure
B) interpreter
C) VDE
D) superclass

Question 31

A subclass is any class that inherits attributes from a superclass.

Question 32

​Which of the following is not a characteristic for a good problem statement?

A) ​It specifies any assumptions that define the scope of the problem.
B) ​It contains detailed descriptions of the processes and tools that need to be developed.
C) ​It clearly specifies the known information.
D) ​It specifies when the problem has been solved.

Question 33

Programmers who work within the declarative paradigm envision a program as data objects that essentially network with each other to exchange data.

Question 34

The _____________ in a problem statement is the information that is supplied to the computer to help it solve a problem.​

A) ​known information
B) ​assumption
C) algorithm​
D) ​predicate

Question 35

____________ encompasses a broad set of activities that include planning, coding, testing, and documenting while a related activity, __________, is a development process that uses mathematical, engineering, and management techniques to reduce the cost and complexity of a computer program while increasing its reliability and modifiability.​

A) ​Software engineering, computer programming
B) ​Computer programming, software engineering
C) ​Application programming, systems programming
D) ​Systems programming, application programming

Question 36

As a general rule, declarative programming languages are most suitable for problems that pertain to words and concepts rather than to numbers.​

Question 37

In Prolog, facts can have no more than two arguments.​

Question 38

​A(n) __________ is a factor that remains the same throughout a program.

A) ​algorithm
B) ​variable
C) ​object
D) ​constant

Question 39

When taking the object-oriented approach to a problem, one of the first steps is to identify the objects that pertain to a solution.​

Question 40

The order or sequence of rules in a Prolog program is usually critical.​

Question 41

A(n) ________________ tells a computer what to do based on whether a condition is true or false.​

A) sequence control structure​
B) ​selection control structure
C) ​repetition control structure
D) ​walkthrough

Question 42

A(n) _________ is a graphical representation of the way a computer should progress from one instruction to the next when it performs a task.​

A) ​paradigm
B) ​flowchart
C) ​pseudocode
D) ​VDE

Question 43

Which programming language is an interpreted language most commonly used for client-side Web scripting, such as animating page elements and validating input on HTML forms?

A) Prolog
B) Python
C) Java
D) Javascript

Question 44

In 1969, computer scientists began to develop high-level languages, called ________-generation languages, which more closely resembled human languages.

A) second
B) third
C) fourth
D) none of the above

Question 45

Which programming language is used for artificial intelligence applications and expert systems?​

A) ​Prolog
B) COBOL​
C) ​C++
D) ​Objective C

Question 46

A(n) __________ is a section of code that is part of a program, but is not included in the main sequential execution path.​

A) ​function
B) ​goto
C) ​method
D) ​iteration

Question 47

Which of the following is a scripting language?

A) Ruby
B) Perl
C) PHP
D) All of the above

Question 48

What is the term that refers to the sequence in which a computer executes program instructions?

A) Control structure
B) Flow control
C) Walkthrough
D) None of the above

Question 49

The ________________ paradigm is based on the idea that the solution for a problem can be visualized in terms of objects that interact with each other.​

A) ​declarative
B) ​object-oriented
C) ​procedural
D) ​none of the above

Question 50

In a repetition control structure, the computer is directed to repeat one or more instructions until a certain condition is met.The section of code that repeats is usually referred to as a(n) ___________.​

A) ​algorithm
B) ​compiler
C) ​iteration
D) ​rule

Question 51

A(n) _____________ changes the order in which instructions are carried out by directing the computer to execute a statement elsewhere in the program.

A) sequential execution
B) formal method
C) programming paradigm
D) sequence control structure

Question 52

Which of the following is not a programming paradigm?

A) Declarative
B) Procedural
C) Object-oriented
D) Predictive

Question 53

A(n) ___________ converts all the statements in a program in a single batch, and the resulting collection of instructions, called ________, is placed in a new file.​

A) ​constant, variable
B) object code, compiler​
C) ​compiler, object code
D) ​interpreter, compiler

Question 54

A __________ is available for use by any routine in the program, while a _______________ can be accessed only from the routine in which it is defined.

A) public attribute, class attribute
B) private attribute, class attribute
C) public attribute, private attribute
D) class attribute, public attribute

Question 55

A low-level language has a low level of ___________ because it includes commands specific to a particular CPU or microprocessor family.​

A) ​flow control
B) ​abstraction
C) ​syntax
D) ​iteration

Question 56

The human-readable version of a program created in a high-level language by a programmer is called __________.​

A) ​source code
B) op code​
C) ​object code
D) structured English​

Question 57

A(n) ____________ for a computer program is a set of steps that explains how to begin with known information specified in a problem statement and how to manipulate that information to arrive at a solution.​

A) ​control
B) ​algorithm
C) ​syntax
D) ​parameter

Question 58

__________-generation languages, such as COBOL and Fortran, were used extensively for business and scientific applications.​

A) ​First
B) ​Second
C) ​Third
D) ​Fourth

Question 59

A _____________ defines the characteristics of a set of objects.

A) class attribute
B) control structure
C) function
D) method

Question 60

_______________, such as BASIC, Python, Java, Prolog, and C++, make the programming process easier by replacing unintelligible strings of 1s and 0s or cryptic assembly commands with understandable commands, such as PRINT and WRITE.

A) Low-level languages
B) High-level languages
C) First-generation languages
D) Multiparadigm languages

Question 61

In a problem statement, a(n) ____________ is something you accept as true in order to proceed with program planning.​

Question 62

In a programming project, a(n) _____________ methodology requires extensive planning and documentation up front.

Question 63

Programmers sometimes start with a set of _____________ that simplify a problem.​

Question 64

Prolog allows you to ask open-ended questions by replacing constants with __________.​

A) ​parameters
B) variables​
C) ​functions
D) ​rules

Question 65

In a programming language, a(n) ______, or command, is a word with a predefined meaning.

Question 66

Keywords can be combined with specific ____________, which provide more detailed instructions for the computer to carry out.​

Question 67

A computer _____________ is a set of step-by-step statements that tell a computer how to carry out a task.

Question 68

Finding a value for a variable is referred to as ___________.​

A) ​instantiation
B) ​abstraction
C) ​argument
D) ​inheritance

Question 69

A(n) _________ methodology focuses on flexible development and specifications that evolve as a programming project progresses.

Question 70

In a Java program, the standard method in the execution path is called ______________.

A) algorithm
B) pseudocode
C) syntax
D) main()

Question 71

​Computer historians believe that ____________ was the first programming language to work with objects, classes, inheritance, and methods.

A) ​COBOL
B) ​SIMULA
C) ​Python
D) ​Java

Question 72

____________ programmers specialize in developing system software such as operating systems, device drivers, security modules, and communications software.​

Question 73

_____________ programmers create productivity software such as Microsoft Office, as well as enterprise applications such as CRM and ERP.

Question 74

The _______________ paradigm describes aspects of a problem that lead to a solution.​​

A) ​procedural
B) declarative​
C) object-oriented​
D) ​none of the above

Question 75

In the context of programming, a problem ____________ defines certain elements that must be manipulated to achieve a result or goal.​

Question 76

___________ provides OO programs with easy extensibility and can help simplify program control structures.​

A) ​Polymorphism
B) ​Inheritance
C) ​Encapsulation
D) ​Abstraction

Question 77

Within the agile development framework, the process of developing each iteration of a program is called a(n) _________.​

Question 78

In Prolog, the __________ describes the relationship between the _________.

A) argument, predicates
B) predicate, rules
C) rule, arguments
D) predicate, arguments

Question 79

In the context of Prolog programming, a ________________ is a tabular method for visualizing and specifying rules based on multiple factors.

A) selection control structure
B) decision table
C) formal method
D) storyboard

Question 80

_________________ refers to the process of hiding the internal details of objects and their methods.

A) Inheritance
B) Encapsulation
C) Assumption
D) Polymorphism