Deck 8: Joints of the Lower Extremity

Question 1

Motion within the pelvis occurs at the:

A)sacroiliac and hip joints
B)pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joints
C)lumbosacral and hip joints
D)sacroiliac and lumbosacral joints

Answer 1

pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joints

Question 2

A closed chain activity occurs when the:

A)joints are in closed-packed position
B)joints are in open-packed position
C)distal end of an extremity is fixed
D)proximal end of an extremity is fixed

Answer 2

distal end of an extremity is fixed

Question 3

Movement of the pelvis can occur at:

A)one hip joint
B)both hip joints
C)the lumbosacral joint
D)all of these

Answer 3

all of these

Question 4

What action do the lateral rotators of the thigh at the hip joint have on the pelvis?

A)anterior tilt
B)posterior tilt
C)ipsilateral rotation
D)contralateral rotation

Question 5

What is the reverse action of abduction of the thigh at the hip joint?

A)anterior tilt of the pelvis at the hip joint
B)depression of the pelvis at the hip joint
C)elevation of the pelvis at the lumbosacral joint
D)counternutation of the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint

Question 6

Characteristics of the pelvis include that it composed of bones of the:

A)axial skeleton
B)lower extremity
C)axial and appendicular skeletons
D)upper extremity

Question 7

At what joint does motion between the pelvis and the trunk occur?

A)lumbosacral
B)sacroiliac
C)femoroacetabular
D)pubic symphysis

Question 8

What does the sacral base angle most directly affect?

A)sacroiliac joints
B)posture of the spine
C)pronation of the foot
D)valgus angle of the knee

Question 9

Anterior tilt of the sacral base is what movement?

A)lateral tilt
B)nutation
C)counternutation
D)hip hike

Question 10

When the pelvis depresses on one side,what occurs to the other side of the pelvis?

A)elevation
B)lateral tilt
C)anterior tilt
D)depression

Question 11

What is considered to be approximately normal for the sacral base angle?

A)10 degrees
B)20 degrees
C)30 degrees
D)40 degrees

Question 12

Anterior tilt and posterior tilt of the pelvis occur in what plane?

A)sagittal
B)frontal
C)transverse
D)horizontal

Question 13

What bones make up the pelvis?

A)sacrum,pelvic bone,and femur
B)coccyx,two pelvic bones,and L5 vertebra
C)L5 vertebra,pelvic bone,and femoral head
D)sacrum,coccyx,and two pelvic bones

Question 14

The sacroiliac joint is considered what type of joint structurally?

A)mixed cartilaginous and fibrous
B)cartilaginous only
C)synovial only
D)mixed fibrous and synovial

Question 15

The pubic symphysis is considered what type of joint structurally?

A)fibrous syndesmosis
B)cartilaginous synchondrosis
C)cartilaginous symphysis
D)synovial plane

Question 16

The hip joint is considerate what type of joint functionally?

A)amphiarthrotic triaxial
B)ball-and-socket synovial
C)diarthrotic triaxial
D)condyloid synovial

Question 17

Which of the following are ligaments of the hip joint?

A)iliofemoral,arcuate,and pubofemoral
B)Y-ligament,ischiofemoral,and lateral collateral
C)iliofemoral,ischiofemoral,and pubofemoral
D)lateral collateral,medial collateral,and ligamentum teres

Question 18

What action does the external abdominal oblique have on the pelvis?

A)contralateral rotation
B)ipsilateral rotation
C)anterior tilt
D)depression

Question 19

What pelvic action at the lumbosacral joint is the reverse action of extension of the trunk at the lumbosacral joint?

A)lateral tilt
B)anterior tilt
C)posterior tilt
D)left rotation

Question 20

What is the name of the ring of fibrocartilaginous tissue that surrounds the circumference of the acetabulum?

A)lunate cartilage
B)acetabular labrum
C)glenoid labrum
D)ligamentum teres

Question 21

What two knee joint structures are most often injured together?

A)lateral meniscus and lateral collateral ligament
B)medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament
C)lateral meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament
D)medial meniscus and lateral collateral ligament

Question 22

Which knee joint ligaments are intra-articular?

A)anterior cruciate and lateral collateral
B)posterior cruciate and medial collateral
C)medial collateral and lateral collateral
D)anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate

Question 23

Which of the following joints is located external to the joint capsule of the knee joint?

A)medial tibiofemoral
B)lateral tibiofemoral
C)proximal tibiofibular
D)patellofemoral

Question 24

What ligaments attach the periphery of the menisci to the tibial condyle?

A)anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate
B)meniscal horn attachments
C)transverse and posterior meniscofemoral
D)coronary

Question 25

The tibiofemoral joint is considered what type of joint functionally?

A)uniaxial
B)biaxial
C)triaxial
D)nonaxial

Question 26

The angulation of the femoral head and neck relative to the shaft in the transverse plane is called:

A)coxa vara
B)coxa valga
C)femoral torsion angle
D)femoral angle of inclination

Question 27

What is the reverse action of lateral rotation of the leg at the knee joint?

A)lateral rotation of the thigh at the knee joint
B)lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint
C)medial rotation of the thigh at the knee joint
D)medial rotation of the thigh at the hip joint

Question 28

In what plane is genu varus measured?

A)sagittal
B)frontal
C)transverse
D)oblique

Question 29

The tibiofemoral joint is considered what type of joint structurally?

A)synovial hinge
B)synovial modified hinge
C)synovial condyloid
D)synovial saddle

Question 30

What is the major articulation of the knee joint complex?

A)tibiofemoral
B)patellofemoral
C)proximal tibiofibular
D)distal tibiofibular

Question 31

The femoral angle of inclination occurs within what plane?

A)sagittal
B)frontal
C)transverse
D)oblique

Question 32

The major purpose of the patella is to:

A)decrease friction between the quadriceps femoris and the femoral condyles
B)protect the femoral condyles
C)increase the leverage of the quadriceps femoris
D)increase range of motion of the knee joint

Question 33

What coupled pelvic joint action occurs with extension of the thigh at the hip joint?

A)anterior tilt
B)posterior tilt
C)rotation
D)depression

Question 34

What coupled pelvic joint action can occur with flexion of the thigh at the hip joint?

A)elevation
B)posterior tilt
C)anterior tilt
D)rotation

Question 35

How is genu valgus defined?

A)adduction of the tibia at the knee joint
B)abduction of the tibia at the knee joint
C)hyperextension of the tibia at the knee joint
D)full flexion of the tibia at the knee joint

Question 36

With what bone does the patella articulate?

A)fibula
B)tibia
C)pelvic
D)femur

Question 37

What ligament is primarily responsible for limiting adduction of the leg at the knee joint?

A)anterior cruciate
B)posterior cruciate
C)medial collateral
D)lateral collateral

Question 38

An excessive femoral anteversion can result in which of the following conditions?

A)toe-in posture
B)toe-out posture
C)coxa valga
D)coxa vara

Question 39

In which of the following is the pull of the quadriceps femoris on the patella measured?

A)genu valgus angle
B)genu varus angle
C)Q-angle
D)tibial torsion angle

Question 40

What ligament is primarily responsible for limiting anterior glide of the tibia at the knee joint?

A)anterior cruciate
B)posterior cruciate
C)medial collateral
D)lateral collateral

Question 41

The subtalar joint is located between what two bones?

A)tibia and talus
B)fibula and talus
C)talus and cuboid
D)talus and calcaneus

Question 42

What two joints make up the transverse tarsal joint?

A)subtalar and talocrural
B)subtalar and calcaneocuboid
C)talonavicular and calcaneocuboid
D)intercuneiform and Chopart's

Question 43

How many arches are located within the foot?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 44

What bones make up a ray of the foot?

A)proximal,middle,and distal phalanges
B)cuneiform,metatarsal,and phalanges
C)metatarsal and phalanges
D)metatarsal and proximal phalanx

Question 45

What is the closed-packed position of the subtalar joint?

A)pronation
B)eversion
C)abduction
D)supination

Question 46

What type of torsion does the shaft of the tibia usually undergo?

A)anterior
B)posterior
C)medial
D)lateral

Question 47

Which of the following is a medial ligament of the ankle joint?

A)anterior talofibular
B)calcaneofibular
C)deltoid
D)posterior talofibular

Question 48

What tarsometatarsal joint is the most stable?

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fifth

Question 49

The mortise joint is another name for what joint?

A)talocrural
B)subtalar
C)transverse tarsal
D)distal tibiofibular

Question 50

The windlass mechanism works as a result of the plantar fascia being pulled taut around what joint?

A)talocrural
B)subtalar
C)metatarsophalangeal
D)interphalangeal

Question 51

In what plane do pronation and supination of the subtalar joint occur?

A)sagittal
B)frontal
C)transverse
D)oblique

Question 52

The talocrural joint is considered what type of joint structurally?

A)plane
B)condyloid
C)modified hinge
D)hinge

Question 53

Which of the following structures helps stop bowstringing of tendons?

A)retinaculum
B)tendon sheath
C)bursa
D)plantar fascia

Question 54

The interosseus membrane of the leg forms what joint?

A)proximal tibiofibular
B)middle tibiofibular
C)talocrural
D)acetabulofemoral

Question 55

A excessive arch of the foot is also known as:

A)pes planus
B)hallux valgus
C)flatfoot
D)pes cavus

Question 56

Which of the following are tarsal joints?

A)talocrural and subtalar
B)transverse tarsal and subtalar
C)subtalar and tarsometatarsal
D)tarsometatarsal and metatarsophalangeal

Question 57

What ligament is primarily important for stabilizing the transverse tarsal joint but also helps stabilize the subtalar joint?

A)cervical
B)interosseus talocalcaneal
C)spring
D)bifurcate

Question 58

The subtalar joint is considered what type of joint functionally?

A)diarthrotic uniaxial
B)diarthrotic biaxial
C)diarthrotic triaxial
D)amphiarthrotic biaxial

Question 59

What bones are located within the hindfoot?

A)calcaneus and cuboid
B)tibia,fibula,and talus
C)navicular and cuneiform
D)calcaneus and talus

Question 60

What ankle joint ligament is most often sprained?

A)deltoid
B)anterior talofibular
C)posterior talofibular
D)calcaneofibular

Question 61

Which of the following word roots means big toe?

A)pes
B)ray
C)hallux
D)vara

Question 62

The imaginary reference line for abduction-adduction of the toes runs through what ray?

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 63

The metatarsophalangeal joint is considered what type of joint functionally?

A)uniaxial
B)biaxial
C)triaxial
D)nonaxial

Question 64

Which of the following word roots means triangular?

A)deltoid
B)bifurcate
C)sciatic
D)malacia

Question 65

What joints have plantar plates?

A)transverse tarsal and intermetatarsal
B)tarsometatarsal and metatarsophalangeal
C)metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal
D)intermetatarsal and interphalangeal

Question 66

The interphalangeal joints of the foot are considered what type of joints structurally?

A)synovial hinge
B)synovial modified hinge
C)synovial condyloid
D)fibrous syndesmosis

Question 67

Which of the following word roots means unnamed?

A)cruciate
B)innominate
C)vara
D)nutation

Question 68

Which of the following word roots means bent back?

A)retinaculum
B)nutation
C)hallux
D)recurvatum

Question 69

Which of the following word roots means lip?

A)valga
B)bunion
C)coxa
D)labrum

Question 70

How many intermetatarsal joints are located between each two contiguous metatarsals?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 71

How many interphalangeal joints are in one lower extremity?

A)5
B)9
C)10
D)15

Question 72

Which of the following word roots means against?

A)counter
B)valga
C)varum
D)nutation