Deck 12: Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing Related to Differences, Correlation, and Regression

Question 1

An F-test is commonly used for the purpose of providing inferences for making statements about the means of parent populations.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Non-parametric tests are hypothesis testing procedures that assume the variables of interest are measured on at least an interval scale.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The t statistic is calculated by assuming that the sample size is large.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The F statistic is computed as the ratio of two sample variances.

Question 5

The t distribution is a symmetric bell-shaped distribution that is useful for small sample testing.

Question 6

According to the text, the t distribution is similar to the normal distribution in appearance.

Question 7

In the case of conducting the t-test on the means of two samples of observations, the samples can be independent or paired.

Question 8

According to the text, samples drawn randomly from different populations are termed independent samples.

Question 9

The t statistic is a statistic that assumes that the variable has a symmetric bell-shaped distribution and the mean is known; the population variance is estimated from the sample.

Question 10

A z-test is a hypothesis test using the standard normal distribution.

Question 11

A t-test of sample variance may be performed if it is not known whether the two populations have equal variance.

Question 12

The most popular parametric test is the t-test conducted for examining hypotheses about means.

Question 13

A frequency distribution that depends on two sets of degrees of freedom is called an F distribution.

Question 14

In advertising testing, attitude toward the brand was measured for respondents of a sample before and after seeing an ad for a brand. A one-sample t-test would then be used to evaluate whether the ad had any effect on attitude toward the ad.

Question 15

A two-tailed test is more conservative than the corresponding one-tailed test.

Question 16

The two sets of degrees of freedom on which the F distribution depends are the degrees of freedom in the numerator and the degrees of freedom in the denominator.

Question 17

A hypothesis test using the t distribution, which is used when the standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is small, is called the z-test.

Question 18

Two samples that are not experimentally related are called dependent samples.

Question 19

For a large sample size, the t distribution approaches the normal distribution. Thus, the t-test and the z-test are equivalent.

Question 20

Parametric tests provide inferences for making statements about the means of parent populations.

Question 21

A procedure for deriving a mathematical relationship, in the form of an equation, between a single metric dependent variable and a single metric independent variable is called univariate regression.

Question 22

In many marketing research applications, the observations for two groups are not selected from independent samples. Rather, the observations relate to paired samples in that the two sets of observations relate to the same respondents.

Question 23

According to the text, the beta coefficient is also called the beta weight.

Question 24

An equation used to explain the results of multiple regression analysis is called the multiple regression model.

Question 25

Standardization may be desirable because it is easier to compare the beta coefficients than it is to compare the raw coefficients.

Question 26

It is not possible to conduct hypothesis testing if the data collected in social media are qualitative in nature.

Question 27

The multiple correlation coefficient, R, can also be viewed as the simple correlation coefficient, r, between Y and Ŷ.

Question 28

In multiple regression, if the overall null hypothesis is rejected, we know which specific coefficients (βᵢs)are nonzero.

Question 29

The value of the F distribution depends only upon the degrees of freedom in the numerator.

Question 30

A test for differences in the means of paired samples is called the paired samples t-test.

Question 31

According to the text, hypotheses related to differences in the population means can be tested using the t distribution.

Question 32

Regression analysis is a statistical procedure for analyzing associative relationships between a metric dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

Question 33

R² cannot decrease as more independent variables are added to the regression equation.

Question 34

The test statistic for evaluating the null hypothesis associated with the product moment correlation is the F-test.

Question 35

The term used to denote the standardized regression coefficient is called the alpha coefficient.

Question 36

Multiple regression is a statistical technique that simultaneously develops a mathematical relationship between two or more independent variables and an interval-scaled dependent variable.

Question 37

In multiple regression, the strength of association is measured by the square of the multiple correlation coefficient, which is called the coefficient of multiple determination.

Question 38

The F statistic is computed as the ratio of two sample means.

Question 39

A statistic summarizing the strength of association between two metric variables is called the product moment correlation.

Question 40

The product moment correlation is also referred to as regression correlation.

Question 41

The most popular parametric test is the ________ conducted for examining hypotheses about means.

A)F-test
B)p-test
C)t-test
D)z-test
E)parametric test

Question 42

A(n)________ is a hypothesis test using the standard normal distribution.

A)F-test
B)p-test
C)t-test
D)z-test
E)chi-square test

Question 43

The ________ is a statistic that assumes that the variable has a symmetric bell-shaped distribution and the mean is known (or assumed to be known)and the population variance is estimated from the sample.

A)F statistic
B)t statistic
C)z statistic
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 44

All of the following are types of tests of differences EXCEPT ________.

A)one sample
B)two independent samples
C)paired samples
D)unitary samples
E)All are types of tests of differences.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT an example of a statement that is about a single variable against a known or given standard?

A)The market share for the new product will exceed 15 percent.
B)The proportion of households with an Internet connection in the United States exceeds the proportion of those in Germany.
C)At least 65 percent of customers will like the new package design.
D)The average monthly household expenditure on groceries exceeds $500.
E)The new service plan will be preferred by at least 70 percent of the customers.

Question 46

According to the text, the ________ can be conducted on the means of one sample or two samples of observations.

A)F-test
B)p-test
C)t-test
D)z-test
E)k-means test

Question 47

The t statistic is calculated by assuming that all of the following exists EXCEPT that the ________.

A)variable is normally distributed
B)mean is known
C)population variance is estimated from the sample
D)sample size is large
E)All are assumptions used with the t statistic.

Question 48

In the case of conducting the t-test on the means of two samples of observations, the samples can be ________ or ________.

A)independent; random
B)random; exclusive
C)exclusive; dependent
D)independent; paired
E)set-up; breakdown

Question 49

________ are hypothesis testing procedures that assume the variables of interest are measured on at least an interval scale.

A)Non-parametric tests
B)Parametric tests
C)Parallel tests
D)Regression tests
E)Interval tests

Question 50

According to the text, samples drawn randomly from different populations are termed ________.

A)dependent samples
B)parallel samples
C)exclusive samples
D)independent samples
E)divergent samples

Question 51

Two samples that are not experimentally related are called ________.

A)independent samples
B)dependent samples
C)parallel samples
D)exclusive samples
E)non-experimental samples

Question 52

The ________ is a symmetric bell-shaped distribution that is useful for small sample testing.

A)F distribution
B)p distribution
C)t distribution
D)z distribution
E)chi-square distribution

Question 53

Significance testing involves testing the significance of the overall regression equation as well as specific partial regression coefficients.

Question 54

According to the text, the t distribution is similar to the ________ in appearance.

A)parallel distribution
B)normal distribution
C)vertical distribution
D)horizontal distribution
E)chi-square distribution

Question 55

The ________ is a statistic that assumes that the variable has a symmetric bell-shaped distribution and the mean is known, and the population variance is estimated from the sample.

A)a statistic
B)p statistic
C)t statistic
D)z statistic
E)bell statistic

Question 56

________ tests provide inferences for making statements about the means of parent populations.

A)Non-parametric tests
B)Parametric tests
C)Parallel tests
D)Regression tests
E)Parent population tests

Question 57

Which statement is NOT true concerning the t distribution?

A)Compared to the normal distribution, the t distribution has more area in the tails and less in the center.
B)As the number of degrees of freedom increases, the t distribution approaches the normal distribution.
C)The t distributions are skewed to the left.
D)The population variance is unknown and is estimated by the sample variance s².
E)All are true.

Question 58

Which of the following is the first step in hypothesis testing based on the t statistic?

A)Select the appropriate formula for the t statistic.
B)Take one or two samples and compute the mean.
C)Select a significance level α for testing.
D)Refer to statistical tables.
E)Formulate the null (H₀)and the alternative (H₁)hypotheses.

Question 59

A(n)________ is commonly used for the purpose of providing inferences for making statements about the means of parent populations.

A)F-test
B)p-test
C)t-test
D)z-test
E)chi-square test

Question 60

A hypothesis test using the t distribution, which is used when the standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is small, is called the ________.

A)t-test
B)F-test
C)p-test
D)z-test
E)k-means test

Question 61

According to the text, the beta coefficient is also called the ________.

A)beta factor
B)beta variable
C)beta element
D)beta weight
E)beta carotene

Question 62

In many marketing research applications, the observations for two groups are not selected from independent samples. Rather, the observations relate to ________ in that the two sets of observations relate to the same respondents.

A)distributed samples
B)independent samples
C)paired samples
D)random samples
E)divergent samples

Question 63

The ________ is computed as the ratio of two sample variances.

A)F statistic
B)p statistic
C)t statistic
D)z statistic
E)chi-square statistic

Question 64

According to the text, hypotheses related to differences in population means if the population variance is unknown can be tested using the ________.

A)F distribution
B)p distribution
C)t distribution
D)z distribution
E)chi-square distribution

Question 65

The ________ coefficient is the slope obtained by the regression of y on x when the data are standardized.

A)random regression
B)standardized regression
C)bipolar regression
D)alternate regression
E)alpha

Question 66

A procedure for deriving a mathematical relationship, in the form of an equation, between a single metric dependent variable and a single metric independent variable is called ________.

A)univariate regression
B)bivariate regression
C)multivariate regression
D)parallel regression
E)pairwise regression

Question 67

The term used to denote the standardized regression coefficient is called the ________.

A)alpha coefficient
B)beta coefficient
C)gamma coefficient
D)theta coefficient
E)pi coefficient

Question 68

________ is a statistical procedure for analyzing associative relationships between a metric dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

A)Regression analysis
B)Covariance analysis
C)Deviation analysis
D)Correlation analysis
E)Functional linear analysis

Question 69

The ________ is the most widely used statistic that summarizes the strength and direction of association between two metric variables.

A)covariance correlation
B)product moment correlation
C)inverse correlation
D)bivariate correlation
E)F-statistic

Question 70

If the probability of F is greater than the significance level α, ________ and ________ should be used.

A)H₀ is rejected; t based on "equal variances not assumed"
B)H₀ is not rejected; t based on "equal variances assumed"
C)H₀ is rejected; t based on "equal variances assumed"
D)H₀ is not rejected; t based on "equal variances not assumed"
E)H₁ is not rejected; t based on "equal variances not assumed"

Question 71

A frequency distribution that depends on two sets of degrees of freedom is called a(n)________.

A)p distribution
B)t distribution
C)F distribution
D)z distribution
E)chi-square distribution

Question 72

A(n)________ of sample variance may be performed if it is not known whether the two populations have equal variance.

A)p-test
B)F-test
C)t-test
D)z-test
E)chi-square test

Question 73

Which of the following statistics indicates the degree to which the variation in one variable, X, is related to the variation in another variable, Y?

A)covariance correlation
B)inverse correlation
C)product moment correlation
D)multiple regression
E)F-statistic

Question 74

Examples of hypotheses related to paired samples include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)shoppers consider brand name to be more important than price while purchasing fashion clothing
B)households spend more money on pizza than they do on hamburgers
C)the proportion of households who subscribe to a daily newspaper exceeds the proportion subscribing to magazines
D)the new service plan will be preferred by at least 70 percent of the customers
E)the proportion of a bank's customers who have a checking account exceeds the proportion who have a savings account

Question 75

The two sets of degrees of freedom in which the F distribution depends on are the degrees of freedom in the ________ and the degrees of freedom in the ________.

A)sample; questionnaire
B)numerator; denominator
C)variance; standard deviation
D)t-test; F-test
E)matrix; contingency table

Question 76

A test for differences in the means of paired samples is called the ________.

A)paired samples t-test
B)paired samples F-test
C)paired samples p-test
D)paired samples z-test
E)paired samples ratio test

Question 77

________ may be desirable because it is easier to compare the beta coefficients than it is to compare the raw coefficients.

A)Covariance
B)Standardization
C)Correlation
D)Regression
E)Analysis of variance

Question 78

A systematic relationship between two variables in which a change in one implies a corresponding change in the other is called ________.

A)causation
B)analysis of variance
C)correlation
D)deviation
E)standard deviation

Question 79

A statistic summarizing the strength of association between two metric variables is called the ________.

A)product moment correlation
B)covariance correlation
C)inverse correlation
D)bivariate correlation
E)F-statistic

Question 80

The product moment correlation is also referred to as all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)simple correlation
B)bivariate correlation
C)correlation coefficient
D)Pearson correlation
E)F-statistic