Deck 2: C: Brain and Behavior

Question 1

An oversecretion of the corticoids early in one's life can cause

A) acromegaly.
B) agnosia.
C) cretinism.
D) premature puberty.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Children who have premature puberty resulting in full sexual development have

A) given birth as early as five years of age.
B) an oversecretion of pituitary growth hormones.
C) an undersecretion of adrenal sex hormones.
D) a thyroid disorder.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced by the

A) adrenal medulla.
B) adrenal cortex.
C) thyroid gland.
D) pineal gland.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Margaret has problems with virilism.Which gland or part of a gland is malfunctioning?

A) pineal gland
B) thyroid gland
C) adrenal cortex
D) adrenal medulla

Question 5

An oversecretion of the corticoids can cause a condition in which a woman may grow a beard or a man's voice may become so low it is difficult to understand.This condition is known as

A) acromegaly.
B) virilism.
C) cretinism.
D) agnosia.

Question 6

Which gland is located just under the back of the rib cage,atop the kidneys?

A) adrenal
B) thyroid
C) pineal
D) parathyroid

Question 7

The adrenal cortex secretes

A) corticoids.
B) epinephrine and norepinephrine.
C) melatonin.
D) oxytocin.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a correct match between endocrine gland and hormone?

A) pineal gland--------melatonin
B) pituitary gland-----growth hormone
C) adrenal gland------epinephrine
D) thyroid gland------corticoids

Question 9

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system causes epinephrine and norepinephrine to be released by the adrenal glands?

A) somatic
B) sympathetic
C) central
D) parasympathetic

Question 10

Which hormone tends to arouse the body and is associated with fear?

A) melatonin
B) epinephrine
C) norepinephrine
D) estrogen

Question 11

Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are associated with

A) sleep and wake cycles.
B) the rate of energy production and expenditure in the body.
C) bodily growth rates.
D) salt balance and the body's ability to resist stress.

Question 12

Hypothyroidism in infancy leads to

A) severe intellectual disability.
B) acromegaly.
C) virilism.
D) spina bifida.

Question 13

Which of the following hormones regulates the salt balance in the body,helps the body adjust to stress,and serves as a secondary source of sex hormones?

A) adrenaline
B) thyroxin
C) corticoids
D) melatonin

Question 14

Terri shows inactivity,sleepiness,slowness,and has gained weight.A problem was found in her endocrine system.She most likely has a(n)

A) overactive thyroid gland.
B) underactive thyroid gland.
C) adrenal gland virilism.
D) complication of anabolic steroids.

Question 15

Which endocrine glands arouse the body,regulate salt balance,adjust the body to stress,and affect sexual functioning?

A) pineal glands
B) thyroid glands
C) adrenal glands
D) parathyroids

Question 16

Which hormone also functions as a neurotransmitter in the brain,tends to arouse the body,and is linked with anger?

A) melatonin
B) epinephrine
C) norepinephrine
D) thyroxin

Question 17

The outer portion of the adrenal glands that secretes corticoids is called the adrenal

A) medulla.
B) dorsal.
C) cortex.
D) ventricle.

Question 18

Fernado has developed a powerful craving for the taste of salt.The doctor finds that he has a deficiency in

A) thyroxin.
B) epinephrine.
C) corticoids.
D) norepinephrine.

Question 19

The inner core of the adrenal glands that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine is called the adrenal

A) medulla.
B) cortex.
C) nucleus.
D) ventricle.

Question 20

The adrenal medulla secretes

A) corticoids.
B) epinephrine and norepinephrine.
C) melatonin.
D) oxytocin.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of anabolic steroids?

A) voice deepening and baldness in women
B) liver damage and stunted growth in young adolescents
C) increased testicle size in men
D) dangerous increases in hostility and aggression

Question 22

Left-handed people,or"lefties" have often been characterized as

A) clumsy and unlucky.
B) skillful and just.
C) caring and sincere.
D) emotionally stable and friendly.

Question 23

One's dominant hemisphere is considered the side of a person's brain that

A) controls hand movement.
B) controls eye movement.
C) organizes and plans activities.
D) produces language.

Question 24

Anabolic steroids are a synthetic version of which hormone?

A) epinephrine
B) norepinephrine
C) testosterone
D) melatonin

Question 25

Regarding anabolic steroid use,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Anabolic steroids can result in sexual impotence and breast enlargement in men.
B) Almost all of the major sports organizations have banned the use of anabolic steroids by athletes.
C) Young adolescents who use anabolic steroids have an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, liver damage, and stunted growth.
D) Anabolic steroids are a synthetic version of epinephrine.

Question 26

The main source of testosterone in males is supplied by which gland?

A) pineal
B) pituitary
C) adrenal
D) testes

Question 27

If you are right-handed,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Your right hand has more strength and dexterity than your left hand.
B) You have more area on the left side of your brain devoted to controlling your right hand.
C) You have more area on the right side of your brain devoted to controlling your right hand.
D) You have a larger corpus callosum than if you were left-handed.

Question 28

What is considered the single most important behavioral indicator of sideness?

A) eye preference
B) ear preference
C) leg movement
D) handedness

Question 29

Which of the following statements best describes how anabolic steroids affect young adolescents?

A) Anabolic steroids elevate mood.
B) Anabolic steroids increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
C) Anabolic steroids are often used to promote weight loss.
D) Anabolic steroids have no adverse health effects.

Question 30

One of the principal androgens,or "male" hormones,is testosterone,which is supplied in small amounts by which gland?

A) pineal
B) pituitary
C) adrenal
D) thyroid

Question 31

To assess the degree to which one is right-handed or left-handed,you would most likely use the

A) Ishihara Test of Hand Preference.
B) Waterloo Handedness Questionnaire.
C) 16 PF.
D) MMPI-2.

Question 32

A combination of preference for using hand,foot,eye,and ear is referred to as

A) sidedness.
B) neuroplasticity.
C) hemispherization.
D) preferential lateralization.

Question 33

A preference for using the right or left hand for most activities is referred to as

A) brain lateralization.
B) hand lateralization.
C) handedness.
D) preferential dominance.

Question 34

The Latin word for "left" means

A) unlucky.
B) inferior.
C) sinister.
D) clumsy.

Question 35

Lynn tends to almost always lean her head to the right when she is kissing her boyfriend Mike.When using a microscope at work,Lynn tends to use her right eye and even breathes better through her right nostril.Lynn's right preference illustrates

A) sidedness.
B) neuroplasticity.
C) acquired hemispherization.
D) preferential lateralization.

Question 36

Right-handed people,or "righties" are more likely to be referred to as

A) skillful and just.
B) average and emotionally stable.
C) crafty and selfish.
D) unlucky and awkward.

Question 37

The Latin word for "right" means

A) lucky.
B) dominant.
C) dexterous.
D) skillful.

Question 38

Which of the following drugs are synthetic versions of testosterone and have been used by athletes who want to "bulk up" or promote muscle growth?

A) anabolic steroids
B) GHB
C) serotonin
D) melatonin

Question 39

Damon always picks up objects with his left hand,throws a ball with his left hand,and writes with his left hand.Thus,it can be concluded that

A) Damon's left hand has more strength and dexterity than his right hand.
B) Damon has more area on the left side of his brain devoted to controlling his left hand.
C) Damon has more area on the right side of his brain devoted to controlling his left hand.
D) Damon has a larger corpus callosum than if he were right-handed.

Question 40

The side effects of anabolic steroids include

A) a woman's voice having a higher pitch.
B) a woman's hair becoming thicker, longer, and curlier.
C) increased testicle size in men.
D) breast enlargement in men.

Question 41

Regarding handedness,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Handedness is directly inherited, like eye color and skin color.
B) Handedness is influenced by a single gene on the X chromosome.
C) Learning, birth traumas, and social pressure to use the right hand can affect which hand one ends up favoring.
D) Left-handedness is more common in males than in females.

Question 42

Regarding handedness,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Prenatal hand preferences persist for at least ten years after birth.
B) Handedness appears to be influenced by a single gene on the Y chromosome.
C) Forcing a left-handed child to use the right hand may create speech or reading problems.
D) Two left-handed parents are more likely to have a left-handed child than two right-handed parents are.

Question 43

In all,what percent of the population uses the left hemisphere for language?

A) 50 percent
B) 70 percent
C) 80 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 44

Clear hand preferences can be determined

A) in fetal ultrasound images.
B) by age six months.
C) by age 18 months.
D) by age 36 months.

Question 45

Although handedness is a matter of degree,what percent of Americans are left-handed?

A) 30 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 10 percent
D) two percent

Question 46

Which of the following is most likely to indicate hemispheric dominance?

A) writing with a hooked hand
B) eye movement
C) handedness
D) where the hair parts most naturally

Question 47

What percent of Americans are strongly right-handed or strongly left-handed with the rest showing some inconsistency in hand preference?

A) 60 percent
B) 75 percent
C) 88 percent
D) 98 percent

Question 48

The only sure way to check brain dominance is to perform a medical test that involves

A) deep lesioning within each hemisphere.
B) assessing one cerebral hemisphere at a time.
C) spatial ablation.
D) karotyping and DNA analysis for lateralization.

Question 49

The right hemisphere is dominant for language function in

A) no one.
B) about 95 percent of right-handers and 70 percent of left-handers.
C) about 19 percent of left-handers and three percent of right-handers.
D) all left-handed persons.

Question 50

The left hemisphere is dominant for language function in

A) no one.
B) about 95 percent of right-handers and 70 percent of left-handers.
C) about 19 percent of left-handers and three percent of right-handers.
D) all left-handed persons.

Question 51

Regarding the proportion of left-handed people,individualist countries tend to have

A) significantly more lefties than collectivist countries.
B) the same number of lefties as collectivist countries.
C) slightly fewer lefties than collectivist countries.
D) significantly fewer lefties than collectivist countries.

Question 52

If you gesture more with your left hand,you probably process language

A) in your right hemisphere.
B) in your left hemisphere.
C) more inefficiently than if you gestured with your right hand.
D) in both hemispheres, since you do not have a dominant hemisphere for language processing.

Question 53

Which country would have the highest number of left-handers?

A) Japan
B) India
C) Canada
D) All countries have the same number of left-handers.

Question 54

Although handedness is a matter of degree,what percent of Americans are right-handed?

A) 70 percent
B) 80 percent
C) 90 percent
D) 98 percent

Question 55

Handedness appears to be influenced by a single gene on the

A) 15th pair of chromosomes.
B) 21st pair of chromosomes.
C) X chromosome.
D) Y chromosome.

Question 56

Left-handed individuals who write with their hand below the writing line,and righties who use a hooked position in writing are usually

A) more intelligent than those who do not use this hand position.
B) less intelligent than those who do not use this hand position.
C) left-brain dominant for language.
D) right-brain dominant for language.

Question 57

Right-handed individuals who write with a straight hand and lefties who write with a hooked hand are usually

A) more intelligent than those who do not use this hand position.
B) less intelligent than those who do not use this hand position.
C) left-brain dominant for language.
D) right-brain dominant for language.

Question 58

Nic tends to gesture more with his right hand when he talks.Nic probably processes language

A) in his right hemisphere.
B) in his left hemisphere.
C) more inefficiently than if he gestured with his left hand.
D) in both hemispheres, since a majority of people do not have a dominant hemisphere for language processing.

Question 59

Regarding speech and language processing by left-handers,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) All left-handers produce speech from the right hemisphere.
B) All left-handers produce speech from the left hemisphere.
C) About 70 percent of left-handers use the right hemisphere for language processing.
D) About 12 percent of left-handers use both sides of the brain for language processing.

Question 60

Regarding the proportion of left-handed people,collectivist countries tend to have

A) significantly more lefties than individualist countries.
B) only slightly more lefties than individualist countries.
C) the same number of lefties as individualist countries.
D) fewer lefties than individualist countries.

Question 61

When the sympathetic nervous system is activated,one's salivation,digestion,and production of tears are inhibited.

Question 62

Rick does some activities better using his right hand,while he performs better on other tasks using his left hand.Rick would be described as

A) being moderately right-handed.
B) being moderately left-handed.
C) being ambidextrous.
D) having inconsistent handedness.

Question 63

Regarding handedness,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Left-handed persons are generally more lateralized than those who are right-handed.
B) Left-handed persons recover more quickly from brain injury than do right-handed persons.
C) Right-handed persons seem to have better than average pitch memory.
D) Right-handed persons tend to outperform left-handed persons on average arithmetic skills as well as higher forms of mathematics.

Question 64

The part of the neuron that specializes in receiving messages from other neurons is the axon.

Question 65

The central nervous system is composed of the autonomic and somatic systems.

Question 66

Differences between the two sides of the body,especially differences in the abilities of the brain hemipheres are referred to as

A) ablation.
B) corticalization.
C) lateralization.
D) ambidextrous functionality.

Question 67

The supposed clumsiness of left-handed people is a consequence of their

A) living in a right-handed world.
B) lack of dexterity in the left hand.
C) poor motor control.
D) lack of brain dominance.

Question 68

From an early age,Daniel's parents noticed that Daniel could perform all tasks,including writing and sports activities,equally well with either of his hands.In fact,Daniel really does not prefer the use of one hand over the other in doing any task.Daniel would be described as

A) being moderately right-handed.
B) being moderately left-handed.
C) being ambidextrous.
D) having inconsistent handedness.

Question 69

Regarding handedness,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Right-handed persons are better at visualizing three-dimensional objects than left-handed persons.
B) More musicians are ambidextrous than would normally be expected.
C) Left-handed persons have more difficulty recovering from brain injury and language loss than do right-handed persons.
D) Right-handed persons have a clear advantage in the sports of boxing, tennis, handball, and fencing.

Question 70

Compared to right-handed persons,left-handed people,in general,

A) have more difficulty learning math and in visualizing three-dimensional objects.
B) experience more language loss and recover more slowly from brain injuries.
C) perform poorer in the sports of boxing, fencing, handball, and tennis.
D) have milder lateralization and are more symmetrical in their brain size and shape.

Question 71

Regarding handedness,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Left-handed locomotive engineers have higher accident rates with a possible cause being the locomotive controls were designed for right-handed persons.
B) Left-handed persons have a higher incidence of allergies and learning disorders.
C) Individualist cultures have half as many left-handed persons as collectivist cultures.
D) The shortage of very old lefties may reflect that more left-handed children were forced to become right-handed, so the lefties are masquerading as righties.

Question 72

The paralyzing effect of curare is caused by its ability to block the action of acetylcholine at neuron-muscle synapses.

Question 73

The specialization in the abilities of the brain hemispheres is known as

A) ablation.
B) corticalization.
C) lateralization.
D) ambidextrous functionality.

Question 74

The painkilling effect of placebos and acupuncture as well as the "runner's high" and the euphoria associated with childbirth are explained by the release of endorphins.

Question 75

A barefoot child steps on a bee,then jerks his or her foot back in response to the sting.This response has likely involved all parts of the nervous system EXCEPT the brain.

Question 76

Studies in which patients underwent cognitive behavioral therapy for phobias produced improvements in their behaviors and also changed the patients' brain activity.

Question 77

Regarding handedness,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) A small minority of lefties owe their hand preferences to birth traumas, such as prematurity, low birth weight, and breech birth.
B) Left-handed persons have a significantly lower incidence of allergies and learning disorders than right-handed persons.
C) People with inconsistent handedness may be at risk for more immune-related diseases than persons who are consistently left-handed.
D) Collectivist cultures where left-handedness is viewed as especially negative have about half the proportion of left-handed persons as individualist cultures.

Question 78

Regarding handedness,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Left-handed persons are better at visualizing three-dimensional objects than right-handed persons.
B) There are more left-handed architects, artists, and chess players than would be expected in the population.
C) The physical size and shape of the two cerebral hemispheres of right-handed persons is more alike than that of left-handed persons.
D) Individuals who are moderately left-handed or ambidextrous seem to have better than average pitch memory.

Question 79

Regarding handedness,which of the following is FALSE?

A) Students who are extremely gifted in math are much more likely to be left-handed or ambidextrous.
B) Left-handed persons typically experience more language loss after damage to the brain and recover more slowly than right-handed persons.
C) Left-handers are more symmetrical in eye dominance, fingerprints, and foot size than right-handers.
D) The physical size and shape of the two cerebral hemispheres are more alike in left-handed persons than in right-handed persons.

Question 80

During an action potential,the axon's ion channels pop open to allow chlorine ions to rush into the axon.