Deck 30: Toward the Pacific Century

Question 1

All of the following are correct about Pakistan since September 11, 2001, except

A)much of the local population supported the Taliban, which had been driven from Afghanistan.
B)President Musharaff gave support to the anti-terrorist campaign.
C)Benazir Bhutto was elected president in 2008.
D)there were renewed tensions with India over Kashmir.
E)by 2008, many observers expressed concern that Pakistan might disintegrate as a country into squabbling ethnic blocs.

Answer 1

Benazir Bhutto was elected president in 2008.

Question 2

His Sikh bodyguards assassinated Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1984.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Muslim League's Mohammed Ali Jinnah warned of "an orgy of blood" if India was divided into two separate states.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Following the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi,

A)Kashmir was ceded to Pakistan.
B)the Congress Party began to increase its political hold over the Indian people.
C)the Indian economy showed its first signs of a slowdown since 1950.
D)the Bharatiya Janata Party began to directly challenge the Congress Party for power.
E)relations between Hindus and Muslims improved rapidly.

Question 5

In 1971, East Pakistan became the new independent nation of

A)Myanmar.
B)Sri Lanka.
C)Belize.
D)Bangladesh.
E)Kampuchea.

Question 6

The apparent motivation for the assassination of Gandhi was that Gandhi

A)was discovered to be a secret Sikh.
B)favored Indian partition.
C)didn't want to see the Muslims get what they wanted.
D)was against creating a strictly Hindu India.
E)was staunchly anti-Hindu.

Question 7

One of the challenges facing East Asia and beyond is South Korea's development of nuclear weapons and the threat to use them against North Korea in order to unify the peninsula.

Question 8

In the formation of the two regions of Pakistan in 1947, the Western Punjab region is made up of marshy deltas from the Ganges. ​

Question 9

The conflict that developed between East and West Pakistan, and eventually led to the establishment of the state of Bangladesh, was caused by

A)competition over internal development of the nation's natural resources.
B)differences in language, history, and ethnic tradition.
C)many years of international warfare between the two regions.
D)the demand of the people of East Pakistan to establish an independent Marxist state.
E)both b and c

Question 10

One of the world's tallest buildings in Malaysia, the Petronas Towers, was built over the site of a British cricket club. ​

Question 11

Who was the first prime minister of India?

A)Mahatma Gandhi
B)Jawaharlal Nehru
C)Muhammed Ali Jinnah
D)Indira Gandhi
E)Moraji Desai

Question 12

After independence, India's constitution prohibited discrimination based on gender.

Question 13

In contrast to the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China/Taiwan abandoned its Confucian heritage, thus becoming one of the most prosperous states in Asia.

Question 14

The new Indian government in 1947

A)was based on that of the Soviet Union.
B)had a powerful president, as Nehru was an admirer of the United States constitution.
C)was based on the British system, with a figurehead president and a parliamentary form.
D)barred only two groups, Sikhs and harijans, from voting.
E)allowed for only one political party, the Congress Party.

Question 15

India seized most of Kashmir in 1948 because of its largely Hindu population.

Question 16

Southeast Asia's most infamous holocaust occurred in Vietnam after the fall of Saigon in 1975.

Question 17

All of the following are correct about Kashmir except

A)a majority of the population in Hindu.
B)most of the population is Muslim.
C)India controls most of Kashmir.
D)it has led to violence between India and Pakistan.
E)in 2003, the governments of India and Pakistan agreed to seek a peaceful solution to the Kashmir dispute.

Question 18

In the 1950s, India

A)took a neutral, third-world position in the Cold War.
B)opposed United States "hegemonism" in the Philippines and Manchuria.
C)took the side of the Soviet Union in the Cold War.
D)opposed Chinese independence.
E)rejected the Marxist policies begun by Nehru.

Question 19

The Japanese government has been criticized at home and abroad for not accepting responsibility and for not apologizing for atrocities committed during World War 2.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding Indian developments after the death of Nehru?

A)The following government produced dramatic policy shifts.
B)Indira Gandhi retreated from the bold economic and social program of her father.
C)Cold War politics led to the tensions that provoked Sikhs to assassinate Indira Gandhi.
D)Rajiv Gandhi weakened the socialist programs of his mother and grandfather.
E)Nehru's successors implemented a true Marxist program.

Question 21

The problems that developed within South Korea in the 1980s were the result of

A)excessive urbanization and pollution of water and air.
B)a lack of sufficient national economic growth.
C)national achievements in land reform.
D)a lack of democratic freedom.
E)military threats by China.

Question 22

Immediately after World War 2, General MacArthur's responsibilities included the demilitarization of Japanese society and

A)the elimination of the Japanese emperor.
B)the trial of American officials charged with war crimes.
C)the laying of the foundations of postwar Philippines society.
D)trying Japanese for war crimes and laying the foundations of postwar Japanese society.
E)the rearmament of Japan but under American leadership.

Question 23

The major dichotomy in Southeast Asia is the contrast between

A)men and women.
B)Chinese and Burmese.
C)villages and cities.
D)mountains and lowlands.
E)coastal and inland regions.

Question 24

Which Korean term is equivalent to the Japanese term zaibatsu?

A)Cobola.
B)Chaebol.
C)Migheo.
D)Pusana.
E)Taegu.

Question 25

Indira Gandhi

A)retained a policy of neutrality in foreign affairs.
B)abandoned her father's activist policies to aid the poor.
C)used troops to attack and secure the Hindu Golden Temple in Agra.
D)was assassinated by her Buddhist bodyguards.
E)was the daughter of Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 26

The country that suffered a domestic holocaust at the hands of the Khmer Rouge is

A)Thailand.
B)Cambodia.
C)Laos.
D)Burma.
E)Indonesia.

Question 27

Which of the following statements best characterizes the nature of India today?

A)India, unlike China, has rejected its cultural traditions and adopted those of the West.
B)The majority of India's population is part of a large and growing middle class.
C)India's economy is a perfect model of the modern, successful socialist state.
D)India today is a nation of contrasts, with nearly one-third of its population living in poverty.
E)Rural and urban poverty in India is rapidly becoming the norm for the first time in Indian history.

Question 28

Yukio Mishima

A)opposed the "coca-colonization" of Japan and the world.
B)ironically, owned and operated two "Kentucky Fried Chicken" franchises.
C)wrote about his five-year career as a captive laborer in Laos.
D)always wrote about powerful and successful women.
E)died as a result of AIDS.

Question 29

President Sukarno of Indonesia

A)was actually from Sri Lanka and arrived in the Dutch East Indies only in 1941.
B)was a boring speaker, but was supported because of fear of his konfrontasi gangs.
C)used economic aid from China and the Soviet Union to counter Western influence, and used domestic Indonesian Communists to counter domestic Muslim opponents.
D)was pro-Western in both his domestic and foreign policies.
E)was radically pro-Muslim.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is not correct about the role of women in India today?

A)Female children are less likely to be educated than are their male counterparts.
B)There is a more positive attitude toward female education and employment.
C)Gender relationships in urban India have been affected by the consequences of independence.
D)Traditional domestic behavior is still an accepted part of Indian female deportment.
E)Rural Indian women often have greater advantages than urban women.

Question 31

The customary "government party" in Japan between the 1950s and 1993 was the

A)People's Action Party.
B)Liberal Democratic Party.
C)Socialist Party.
D)Social Democratic Party.
E)Party of the Republic.

Question 32

The controversial Indian writer who uses the technique of magical realism and who has angered Moslems is

A)Anita Desai.
B)Salmon Rushdie.
C)R.K.Narayan.
D)V.S.Naipaul.
E)E.M.Forster.

Question 33

During the 1980s and 1990s, there was a great deal of talk that the achievements of Japan and the "little tigers" indicated that the world was about to enter a new historical phase, that of the

A)Greater East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
B)Fifth Reich.
C)Age of the Toyota.
D)Asian Miracle.
E)Midway Millennium.

Question 34

The first leaders of the People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea, respectively, were

A)Achmed Sokarno and Chou Liu.
B)Kim Il Sung and Syngman Rhee.
C)Heidekei Tojo and Lee Kuan-yew.
D)Yayha Khan and Pu Yi.
E)Kim Dae Jung and Arturo Shimonoseki.

Question 35

The keiretsu are

A)large companies that maintain relationships in a more informal manner than the zaibatsu.
B)systems of totally independent corporate entities.
C)newly reconstituted, formalized cartel arrangements.
D)Meiji-oriented systems of corporate dependencies.
E)monopoly arrangements.

Question 36

The following are true about the Japanese educational system except

A)the workload for students is heavier than that of the American educational system.
B)it possesses a non-restrictive and individualistically-oriented environment.
C)it demands considerable conformity by the students.
D)it has a relationship to the honor of the family that is directly tied to achievement.
E)it is devoted to success at almost all cost, and sometimes teachers bully their students.

Question 37

The treaties signed in September 1951 restored Japanese independence, ended Japanese claims to its former colonies and territories, and

A)permitted the Soviet Union to control Hokkaido.
B)created a defensive alliance between the Soviet Union and Japan.
C)provided the United States with military bases in Japan.
D)ended the entrenched social discrimination of Koreans resident in Japan.
E)established Christianity along with Buddhism and Shintoism as Japan's official religions.

Question 38

Kenzaburo Oe

A)is Japan's greatest living poet.
B)painted the famous "portrait of General MacArthur" in eight minutes on a sidewalk.
C)received a Nobel Prize for literature.
D)believes rising materialism in present-day Japan represents "progress."
E)is the originator of the "industrial novel."

Question 39

Due to Cold War fears, the United States

A)urged Japan to develop an army of twenty divisions after the outbreak of the Korean War.
B)acquiesced when the Japanese government established an organized labor movement.
C)established large military bases in China and Singapore in the late 1960s.
D)backed away from its policy of breaking up the zaibatsu.
E)urged the Japanese navy to patrol the Formosa Straits.

Question 40

The "Japanese Miracle"

A)began with the creation of the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1948.
B)had its roots in the initial policy decisions made during the Meiji reform period.
C)refers to the fact that Hokkaido was not damaged by atomic blasts.
D)led to the establishment of a socialist economy.
E)successfully abolished all social and gender discrimination.

Question 41

One of the most tangible results of Nehru's Socialist policies in India was ​

A)​rebellion against his Five Year Plans.
B)​Industrial growth stalled out in the 1960's as a "scissors crisis" made consumer goods unaffordable for most.
C)​per capita income rose approximately 50 percent between 1950-1980.
D)​national medical care led to increasing life spans and a larger population.
E)​more efficient farming to support a massive population through Machine Tractor Stations.

Question 42

Since Chiang Kai-shek's death,

A)the Republic of China began to move toward a more representative form of government.
B)Taiwan has moved much closer to the mainland government.
C)the United States has "suggested" Taiwan consider uniting with the Philippine Islands.
D)Taiwan has adopted a socialist economy.
E)there are no diplomatic or economic relations between Taiwan and the United States.

Question 43

All of the following were measures of Singapore's success as a "little tiger" EXCEPT​

A)​shipbuilding
B)​oil refineries
C)​tourism
D)​electronics
E)​aerospace

Question 44

The Western capitalist corporation that affected the environment the most was ​

A)​Wal-Mart
B)​fast food industries like McDonald's and KFC
C)​technology companies like Microsoft.
D)​chemical companies like that at Bhopal
E)​manufacturing companies that impinge on local companies' production.

Question 45

What was the significant flaw in the "green revolution" in India?​

A)​Traditional farmers were reticent to use the GMO strains of rice and wheat.
B)​Monsoon conditions in the South made it unequally available.
C)​Only wealthy farmers could afford the necessary fertilizer for new high-yield crops.
D)​It was perceived as a more radical form of Socialism and rejected by moderate democrats.
E)​More productive yields led to increased populations, putting greater demand on resources.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a source of social conflict in Pakistan?​

A)​Strong feelings of nationalism.
B)​Mass poverty and illiteracy.
C)​Considerable support for the Taliban from local populations.
D)​Large populations of homeless following natural disasters.
E)​Fragile relations with India.

Question 47

The region of Southern India that has become an important technological center is​

A)​Calcutta (Kolkata)
B)​Chennai (Madras)
C)​Goa
D)​Bangalore
E)​Tamil Nadu

Question 48

Unlike the other economies of East Asia, Hong Kong's economic development has taken place in a system employing

A)unrestrained, free-market capitalism.
B)direct state control of the economic sector.
C)Communist Chinese support.
D)massive British foreign aid programs.
E)a socialist economic philosophy.

Question 49

Nehru differed from Gandhi in believing that India must ​

A)​form a NATO alliance to avoid conflict with Communist China.
B)​industrialize to bolster economic and material gains of the population.
C)​allow Muslims to participate in the new government.
D)​allow Pakistan to retain Kashmir.
E)​retain the traditional caste system.

Question 50

Which of the following happened on July 1, 1997?

A)Mao Zedong died.
B)A military coup brought down the government of Singapore.
C)Australia, New Zealand, and the United States formed a trade compact.
D)Taiwan voted to form an independent republic.
E)Hong Kong returned to mainland authority.

Question 51

One of the exceptions to peaceful European decolonization in Southeast Asia after World War 2​ was in

A)​the Philippines.
B)​Malaysia.
C)​Vietnam
D)​Burma
E)​Indonesia

Question 52

Which of the following was NOT one of the measures undertaken by Indira Gandhi when she became Prime Minister?​

A)​Forced sterilization
B)​Procapitalist reforms.
C)​Nationalization of the banking system.
D)​Land distribution to the poor.
E)​Electoral reforms to allow voting for poor people.

Question 53

The largest sect of Buddhism in Japan, with its own political party, is ​

A)​Nichiren
B)​Theraveda
C)​Soka Gakkai
D)​Great Vehicle
E)​Zen

Question 54

Which of the following was NOT attempted during Nehru's Democratic Socialism?​

A)​State ownership of major industries and resources.
B)​Private enterprise permitted at local and rural levels.
C)​State-controlled utilities.
D)​Privitization of railways.
E)​Encouragement of rural cooperative farming.

Question 55

The first female president in South Korea was ​

A)​Park Guen-hye
B)​Park Chung-he
C)​Cho Song-ye
D)​Choi Jun-ho
E)​Lee Jung-hye

Question 56

Under the regime of Lee Kuan-yew,

A)an unexpected attempt to foster individualism was made.
B)the concepts of Western democratic pluralism have been encouraged.
C)the Soviet concept of a centralized socialist society has been favored.
D)thrift, hard work, and an obedience to authority were the tenets of state policy.
E)the Chinese population was exiled back to the People's Republic of China.

Question 57

The "little tiger" that was once a British crown colony, but is now an independent state, is

A)Burma.
B)Singapore.
C)Hong Kong.
D)Taiwan.
E)South Korea.

Question 58

Women represent 50% ​of the workforce in Japan, found primarily in what sector?

A)​entertainment
B)​managerial
C)​secretarial
D)​retail or service
E)​medical

Question 59

Australia

A)has been moving steadily closer to the United States in order to counter the growing influence of Japan and Indonesia.
B)has become a virtual Chinese colony, as Chinese capital now dominates the economy and Chinese-Australians constitute twenty percent of the population.
C)is dependent on Japan for markets and investment capital, a fact reflected by its "forced withdrawal" from the British Commonwealth in 1994.
D)now draws more than one-half of its immigrants from East Asia.
E)publicly refused an invitation to join ASEAN in 1995.

Question 60

To combat fears of being dominated by a Chinese minority in the government in Malaya, ​​the Federation

A)​mandated uniformity through Islam.
B)​fought pro-Communist factions at the Khitomer Accords.
C)​incorporated former British possessions in Borneo
D)​joined the United Nations in recognizing the Republic of China in Taiwan.
E)​implemented a self-policing arbitration force called the El-Aurian.

Question 61

Identify the following terms.
Congress Party

Question 62

Identify the following terms.
Rajiv Gandhi

Question 63

Identify the following terms.
communalism

Question 64

Identify the following terms.
Sri Lanka and the Elam Tigers

Question 65

Of the following female rulers in Asia, who was first?​

A)​Corazon Acquino
B)​Indira Gandhi
C)​Benazir Bhutto
D)​Park Guen-hye
E)​Imelda Marcos

Question 66

Identify the following terms.
Benazir Bhutto

Question 67

Identify the following terms.
Petronas Towers

Question 68

Identify the following terms.
West Pakistan and East Pakistan/Bangladesh

Question 69

Identify the following terms.
Hyderabad and Kashmir

Question 70

Identify the following terms.
Sikhs and the Golden Temple in Amritsar

Question 71

Identify the following terms.
Urdu and Bengali

Question 72

Identify the following terms.
August 15, 1947

Question 73

Identify the following terms.
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and A. B. Vajpayee

Question 74

Identify the following terms.
India's enforced sterilization

Question 75

Identify the following terms.
Jawaharlal Nehru and "democratic socialism"

Question 76

Identify the following terms.
General Pervaiz Musharraf, the Taliban, and al-Qaeda

Question 77

Identify the following terms.
"an orgy of blood"

Question 78

Identify the following terms.
the Pacific Century?

Question 79

Identify the following terms.
Green Revolution

Question 80

Identify the following terms.
Indira Gandhi