Deck 7: Inside the Cell

Question 1

Which of the following is not a characteristic that chloroplasts and mitochondria share?

A)They both have their own DNA.
B)They both have multiple membranes.
C)They are both part of the endomembrane system.
D)They are capable of reproducing themselves.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Why are lysosomes considered part of the endomembrane system?

A)They deposit end-products of digestion in the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)They facilitate movement between stacks of the Golgi.
C)They are formed from products synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum and processed by the Golgi.
D)Lysosomes are not part of the endomembrane system.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Mitochondrial DNA codes for about 13 proteins (depending on the species of organism).These 13 proteins account for a small proportion of the proteins present in mitochondria.The remaining proteins are coded for by nuclear DNA.What is the most likely explanation for how these proteins find their way to the mitochondria?

A)signal sequences
B)random transport vesicles
C)attachment of ribosomes to outer mitochondrial pores and direct deposition into the inner mitochondrial compartment
D)mRNAs that are manufactured in the nucleus,but translated by mitochondrial ribosomes

Answer 3

A

Question 4

You arrive late to lecture and your professor is describing a feature of the nucleus that provides it with structural support.You are not sure which feature is being discussed,but because you read the book before you came to class,you are fairly certain that it is

A)the nucleus pore.
B)the nucleoplasm.
C)the nuclear lamina.
D)the nucleolus.

Question 5

What is the site of synthesis of proteins for export (secretion from the cell)?

A)free ribosomes
B)ribosomes that attach to the endoplasmic reticulum
C)ribosomes that attach to the Golgi complex
D)ribosomes that attach to the outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 6

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex?

A)It regulates movement of materials across the nuclear envelope.
B)It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.
C)It synthesizes components of the endomembrane system.
D)It synthesizes and repairs DNA.

Question 7

Which of the following components would you expect to find in any type of living organism?

A)nucleus
B)chromosome
C)mitochondria
D)lysosome
E)microtubule

Question 8

The small intestine is the site of digestion and absorption of nutrients.A single layer of epithelial cells lines the small intestine.In the duodenum (the first section of the small intestine),these epithelial cells secrete large quantities of digestive enzymes.Which of the following features would be typical of these epithelial cells?

A)They contain large numbers of lysosomes.
B)They have more smooth endoplasmic reticulum than rough endoplasmic reticulum.
C)They contain large quantities of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D)They have larger nuclei than cells that secrete large quantities of lipids.

Question 9

Which of the following organelles contains receptors for the products of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A)the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B)the lysosomes
C)the mitochondria
D)the peroxisomes

Question 10

How is the nuclear membrane related to the endoplasmic reticulum?

A)Ribosomes that exit the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex attach to ribosome receptor locations on the endoplasmic reticulum,thus providing a means of communication between the two structures.
B)The inner and outer bilayers of the nuclear envelope are separated by a space that is continuous with the space inside the endoplasmic reticulum,thus providing direct contact between the two structures.
C)The nucleolus is present in the nucleus,but communicates directly with the endoplasmic reticulum.
D)The nuclear lamina anchors the endoplasmic reticulum,providing structural support and communication through direct contact.

Question 11

You have a distant cousin,age 4,who is always tired and fatigued and is not able to play games and sports like other healthy children.He is most likely to have an enzyme deficiency or defect associated with which intracellular organelle?

A)lysosomes
B)Golgi stacks
C)peroxisomes
D)mitochondria

Question 12

What can you infer about high-molecular-weight proteins that cannot be transported into the nucleus?

A)They are foreign proteins.
B)They lack nuclear localization signals (NLS).
C)They are defective proteins.
D)They have been tagged for destruction.

Question 13

What is the most likely role of a cell that contains an extensive smooth ER?

A)It plays a role in storage.
B)It synthesizes large quantities of lipids.
C)It actively exports protein molecules.
D)It plays a role in immune function.

Question 14

You are studying an organism and note that its proteins fail to be glycosylated.A deficiency in which of the following organelles is likely the cause?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)Peroxisomes
C)Mitochondria
D)Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Which of the following represents a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

A)Prokaryotes,not eukaryotes,have cell walls.
B)Eukaryotic cells tend to have much more extensive inner membrane systems and larger numbers of intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.
C)Prokaryotes are unable to carry out aerobic respiration,a process that requires a complex inner-membrane system.
D)Prokaryotes are a more homogenous group of organisms than eukaryotes,which include protozoa,plants,and animals.

Question 16

Which of the following organelles is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids or ethanol?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)Peroxisomes
C)Mitochondria
D)Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

What is a purpose of the cell wall for both prokaryotes and plant cells?

A)to provide a means of cell-cell interaction
B)to enable the cell to obtain nutrients from its environment
C)to regulate the passage of solutes into and out of the cell
D)to protect the cell from the effects of a hypotonic environment

Question 18

One function of peroxisomes is alcohol detoxification.In which of the following locations would you expect to find large quantities of peroxisomes?

A)in liver tissue of people who drink large quantities of alcohol
B)in the stomach of people who drink large quantities of alcohol
C)in liver tissue of people who consume high-fat diets
D)in heart muscle of all people

Question 19

As part of our immune system,neutrophil cells engulf micro-organisms or foreign particles.The process by which the neutrophil does this is known as

A)exocytosis.
B)pinocytosis.
C)phagocytosis.
D)receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 20

Mitochondria are separated into two compartments,the matrix and the intermembrane space,by their inner and outer membranes.How does the presence of two compartments contribute to the function of mitochondria?

A)It enables mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes to remain separated from the functional compartment of the mitochondria.
B)The two compartments permit different but complementary functions to be accomplished in the organelle.
C)The double-membrane feature of mitochondria is what enables them to glycosylate proteins.

Question 21

Which of the following cytoskeletal proteins are important in changing cell shape or location (any type of cell movement)?

A)Microfilaments are the only cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement.
B)Microfilaments and myosin are among the cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement.
C)Microfilaments,microtubules,and intermediate filaments are equally important in cell movement.
D)Intermediate filaments are the only cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement.

Question 22

Actin filaments have polarity.This means that the two ends can be identified due to structural differences.The plus end is the end to which subunits are added more rapidly or the end of polymerization.Which of the following would enable you to identify the plus end of actin filaments?

A)Add radio labeled actin subunits to a mixture of actin filaments in which conditions are favorable for polymerization.
B)Add radiolabeled actin subunits to a mixture of actin filaments in which conditions favor depolymerization.
C)Determine the ionic charge of the ends of the actin filaments.

Question 23

Which of the following would be true for lysosomes that lack mannose-6-phosphate receptors?

A)They function equally as well as those that possess mannose 6-phosphate receptors.
B)They do not receive enzyme shipments from the Golgi apparatus.
C)They have unstable membranes.

Question 24

Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components.They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported,and they added vesicles and ATP (because they knew the transport process requires energy).Yet,when they put everything together,there was no movement or transport of vesicles.What were they missing?

A)an axon
B)contractile microfilaments
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)motor proteins

Question 25

To what does the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules,typical of cilia and eukaryotic flagella,refer?

A)the arrangement of dynein arms with respect to each microtubule
B)the arrangement of microtubules within the axoneme
C)the length of the structures
D)the relationship between the basal body and the axoneme

Question 26

Amoeba move by crawling over a surface (amoeboid movement).Which one of the following processes is part of amoeboid movement?

A)polymerization or extension of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane
B)setting up microtubule extensions that vesicles can follow in the movement of cytoplasm
C)reinforcing the pseudopod with intermediate filaments

Question 27

Spherocytosis is a defect associated with a defective cytoskeletal protein in red blood cells.What do you suspect is one consequence of defective cytoskeletal proteins in red blood cells?

A)abnormal cell shape
B)insufficient energy supply in the cell
C)a lack of oxygen-transporting proteins in the cell
D)adhering of blood cells to blood-vessel walls,causing the formation of plaque

Question 28

Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction.One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis.The asbestos fibers can be inhaled.Cells will phagocytose the foreign material but are unable to degrade it.As a result,asbestos fibers build up in which of the following intracellular organelles?

A)mitochondria
B)nucleus
C)peroxisomes
D)lysosomes

Question 29

Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins that help to maintain the cells' shapes and functions.What would you predict about these proteins?

A)They would initially contain signal sequences that would allow their entrance into the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)They would be manufactured on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
C)They would be glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus.
D)They might travel to the nucleus in a transport vesicle with a specific zip code.

Question 30

You are sitting in lecture and you decide to leave the room for a minute.When you return,the professor is describing a cytoskeletal component and states that these fibres are thin and consist of two rows of protein subunits wound around each other in a long spiral.Since you left the room,you did not hear which cytoskeletal component is being referred to,but,since you read the book before you came to class,you know that it is

A)the microtubules.
B)the intermediate filaments.
C)microfilaments.
D)none of the above.

Question 31

Flagella and cilia bend or move,imparting mobility to cells.How do these structures move?

A)The basal body at the base of the structure hydrolyzes ATP,causing a conformational change that results in movement of the cilium or flagellum.
B)Two microtubules at the core of the structure serve as motor proteins.
C)Axonemes are structured such that movement is constant.
D)Dynein is a motor protein that hydrolyzes ATP and is responsible for movement of the cilium or flagellum.

Question 32

Flagella are found in both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.Despite the functional similarities of all flagella,scientists suspect that eukaryotic and prokaryotic flagella have evolved independently.Why don't they think there is a common evolutionary origin for prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella?

A)Prokaryotic flagella move by rotating,whereas eukaryotic flagella undergo an undulating motion.Furthermore,eukaryotic flagella are covered by a plasma membrane and prokaryotic flagella are not.
B)Prokaryotic flagella do not protrude outside the cell wall,whereas eukaryotic flagella are membrane-bound extensions of cytoplasm.
C)Prokaryotic flagella are an adaptation to scarce nutrient supply,whereas eukaryotic flagella are designed to protect.
D)Prokaryotic flagella do not require energy in the form of ATP.

Question 33

Which of the following is a basic structural difference between plant cells and animal cells?

A)Plant cells contain chloroplasts,but animal cells do not.
B)Animal cells contain lysosomes,but plant cells do not.
C)Plants have cell walls,and animal cells do not.
D)The cell wall plays a major role in determining plant cell shape,but the cytoskeleton plays a major role in determining animal cell shape.
E)All of the above apply.

Question 34

What is the function of keratin,an important intermediate filament?

A)imparts impermeability to the skin and the ability to withstand mechanical stress
B)reinforces moveable joints
C)enables the heart to contract as a unit
D)provides nutrients to neural cells of the brain and spinal cord

Question 35

How is the structure of kinesin related to its function?

A)Kinesin has two intertwined polypeptides that make up the stalk and enable it to contract and shorten.
B)Kinesin has a tail region that binds to vesicles and two heads that can attach to microtubules.
C)The kinesin tail has an ATP binding site to fuel its activities.
D)Kinesin has two heads to attach to the vesicle being moved,and a tail region that attaches to microtubules.

Question 36

Scientists found that polypeptides that are normally synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum are about 20 amino acids longer when they are synthesized by ribosomes not attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.What is/are possible explanations for the greater length of these polypeptides?

A)The ribosomes that function as free ribosomes function differently than the ribosomes that are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)The 20 amino acids serve as a signal sequence that directs the forming polypeptide to the endoplasmic reticulum,where they are cleaved off during processing.
C)The 20-amino-acid sequence helps the endoplasmic reticulum package these proteins for shipping to the Golgi.
D)The protein has a different function in the cytosol than in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 37

A cell is found to contain a series of damaged organelles.Which process will play a role in removal of these damaged organelles from the cytosol?

A)Phagocytosis
B)Exocytosis
C)Autophagy
D)Pinocytosis

Question 38

Motor proteins require energy in the form of ATP.ATP hydrolysis results in a conformational change that allows the protein to move along microtubular tracks (pathways).What structural component of the motor protein contains the ATP binding site and,therefore,changes shape to enable movement?

A)the portion of the molecule that binds to the vesicle being transported
B)the stalk
C)the portion of the molecule that binds to the microtubular track along which the vesicle is being transported
D)a location midway between the vesicle binding site and the portion of the molecule that binds to microtubular tracks