Deck 2: Skills You Need: Memory, Note Taking, and Studying Techniques

Question 1

Which of the following statements about long term memory is true?

A) Long term memory is best during childhood.
B) Most of our general knowledge is stored in long term memory.
C) Long term memories usually fade within 6 months.
D) As you learn more information, you will lose your old memories.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Einstein, Mullet & Harrison (2012) were interested in studying the:

A) Effect of mnemonics
B) Organizing as a study technique
C) The impact of time on studying
D) The testing effect

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Working and long term memory is connected to:

A) The first memory process of encoding.
B) The second memory process of storage.
C) The third memory process of retrieval.
D) None of these are correct.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In working memory most people usually have the capacity to:

A) Remember sensory information but not content.
B) Remember only meaningful information.
C) Remember approximately 5 to 9 items at a time.
D) Remember information for up to a year.

Question 5

What famous psychologist researched the capacity of short-term or working memory?

A) Miller
B) Woolfolk
C) Freud
D) Gardner

Question 6

Based on the testing effect, what study strategy should you use?

A) Practice quizzes
B) Flashcards
C) Testing yourself
D) All of these are effective strategies

Question 7

According to Miller's research, we can hold onto ____ number of times at a time in short term memory.

A) 3 +/-1
B) 5+/- 2
C) 7 +/- 2
D) 9 +/- 3

Question 8

Your friend asks you to buy 20 items at the store. Given what you know about the capacity of working memory, how many items are you most likely to remember?

A) 2
B) 7
C) 10
D) 20

Question 9

Stories are powerful memory techniques because:

A) Meaning capitalizes on elaboration
B) Stories evoke emotions and emotions increase learning
C) Both of these statements are true
D) Neither statement is true

Question 10

Which of the following statements best describes the memory process?

A) Memory is a one way street where we take in information and then store it in our long term memory system
B) Memory happens naturally so it's not necessary to engage in memory strategies
C) Our long term knowledge helps us take in new memories
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 11

Which part of the memory system has an unlimited storage capacity?

A) Long-term memory
B) Short term memory
C) Working memory
D) Sensory memory

Question 12

Which of the following statements about retrieval are true?

A) It is how we access information when we need it
B) It helps us learn content
C) Neither of these statements are true
D) Both of these statements are true

Question 13

Which of the following memory strategies is least effective?

A) Rehearsal
B) Elaboration
C) Stories
D) Mnemonics

Question 14

Encoding, one of the parts of memory processes refers to:

A) How easily you can retrieve what you have learned during a test.
B) How you get memories into your memory systems.
C) The duration of memories.
D) Your level of intelligence.

Question 15

What was the key finding from the Einstein, Mullet & Harrison (2012) study?

A) Students who engaged in testing did better than those who just studied
B) Students who spent more time studying did the best
C) Students who were most confident did the best
D) All of these statements are true

Question 16

Students often underestimate the importance of:

A) Reviewing
B) Rehearsing
C) Studying
D) Testing yourself

Question 17

Chunking is an important and powerful memory strategy. An example of chunking is:

A) When you try and remember everything you know about a topic as quickly as possible.
B) When you try and organize information, especially making outlines or other hierarchical strategies.
C) Keeping a time diary.
D) A technique that will decrease your short term memory capacity.

Question 18

An example of elaboration, a memory technique, is when you:

A) Provide tons of details in your writing.
B) Try to find connections between information you already know and information you are trying to learn.
C) Focus on your short term versus long term memory system.
D) Repeat the information over and over again so that you can really learn it.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about encoding memories is true?

A) Multi-sensory learning (i.e. using auditory and visual strategies) can improve memory encoding and learning.
B) It is best to focus on one modality during the encoding stage.
C) While multi-sensory learning has some value, the investment of time to use this strategy will not produce the payoff you desire.
D) Visual strategies are more effective than auditory ones during the encoding process.

Question 20

Examples are an excellent example of:

A) Rehearsal
B) Elaboration
C) Chunking
D) Quizzing

Question 21

You are studying for an upcoming test in your biology class. Which method would help you effectively store the key words in your memory?

A) Rehearsal
B) Elaboration
C) Organization or chunking
D) All of these are effective strategies.

Question 22

What document should you look at prior to each class?

A) Syllabus
B) College Catalog
C) Curriculum Sheet
D) Code of Student Conduct

Question 23

In addition to reading prior to class, what else should you do to be ready to take in information your professor will give you?

A) Have a positive mind-set
B) Get a good night's sleep
C) Eat a nutritious meal
D) All of these are important

Question 24

What reading step is associated with retrieval practice?

A) Read
B) Recite
C) Review
D) Re-read

Question 25

When studying the Big Five personality characteristics, you remember the word OCEAN. Each personality characteristic begins with a letter from this word. The memory strategy you are using is called:

A) Acrostic mnemonic
B) Acronym mnemonic
C) Sentence mnemonic
D) None of these are accurate.

Question 26

To demonstrate your active involvement in the course, which of the following is the best type of question to ask?

A) Questions that focus on clarifying concepts learned
B) Questions about definitions of terms
C) Questions about topics not related to the discussion
D) None of these. It is not a good idea to ask questions because it shows you do not understand the material.

Question 27

Which of the following is a good strategy to use when preparing to take notes in class?

A) Bringing note taking materials to class.
B) Review the syllabus and any course announcements so you will know what is going to be discussed.
C) Read the corresponding chapter, taking notes while you read.
D) All of these are effective strategies.

Question 28

The memory process of retrieval refers to:

A) Finding information or memories that were previously stored.
B) Storing information in a hierarchical manner.
C) Relying on sensory memories.
D) Rehearsing or repeating information.

Question 29

Creating links between concepts via a hierarchical structure is an example of:

A) Organizing
B) Elaboration
C) Reviewing
D) Looking at pictures while reading

Question 30

Mnemonics are memory strategies that act as a tool to aid in recall. Examples may include:

A) The use of Acronyms.
B) The use of Acrostics or sentences.
C) Creating sentences like "Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally".
D) All of the above are examples of mnemonic devices.

Question 31

Your friend Desiree wants to encode information more effectively. What advice would you give her?

A) Unfortunately, there's not much you can do to improve encoding. Instead focus on retrieval processes.
B) Use visual tools to encode because research has shown that the visual encoding path is the most efficient one.
C) Relax, encoding happens automatically and does not require much effort.
D) Try to use at least two sensory approaches such as auditory and visual when encoding information.

Question 32

Which of the following statements about forgetting is true?

A) We remember most of what we learned.
B) We forget a lot, but this happens very gradually
C) We forget information we learned quickly, especially if we are not actively using the information.
D) Children forget more often than adults.

Question 33

This week, you must learn 15 new terms in your sociology class. To use the technique of chunking, you would need to:

A) Look for themes or ways to put the terms into different categories.
B) Create a word from the first letter of each term you need to learn.
C) Write down the terms and their definitions.
D) None of these are good examples of chunking.

Question 34

Why do students who complete quizzes perform better academically?

A) Quizzes typically focuses on small amounts of information, forcing students to study in chunks instead of cramming for an exam.
B) Performance on quizzes provides important feedback on study habits and can provide students with an opportunity to learn from their mistakes.
C) Both of these are good reasons.
D) Neither of these are good reasons.

Question 35

According to Ebblinghaus, we forget ___% of what we've learned within a few hours.

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 36

In textbooks, _____ are an example of chunking.

A) Chapter
B) Index
C) Bold words
D) All of the these are examples

Question 37

According to Mayer (2009), what type of engagement matters the most?

A) Behavioral
B) Cognitive
C) Physical
D) All are equally important

Question 38

To get the most out of class time:

A) Read the chapter and other assigned readings prior to class.
B) Complete all written assignments prior to class.
C) Ask questions to clarify and expand on what you have learned.
D) All of these are good ways to actively participate in class.

Question 39

You are studying for a quiz in psychology. When you come across the term observational learning, you think about the time that you learned from watching your brother get rewarded for a great report card. This is an example of:

A) Rehearsal
B) Mnemonics
C) Dual-encoding
D) Elaboration

Question 40

What psychologist studied forgetting?

A) Freud
B) Skinner
C) Ebbinghaus
D) Bandura

Question 41

According to research conducted by Davis and Hult (1997), it is a good idea to:

A) Write a brief summary of what you learned after class
B) Listen to your professor and take notes after class
C) Take notes on chapters but listen during class
D) All of these statements are true

Question 42

Some strategies that you may use to determine what to write in your notes includes:

A) When an instructor gives a clue such as saying "This is important".
B) Watching what an instructor writes on the board or spends a good deal of time covering.
C) Noting when information about concepts is repeated and several examples are provided.
D) All of these are important clues that will help you determine what is important.

Question 43

What does your author recommend in terms of how frequently you should review your notes?

A) Daily
B) Three times a week
C) Once per week
D) A week prior to exams

Question 44

When you take notes during class, it is important that you:

A) Write down everything.
B) Write down key terms only.
C) Capture the key points and examples.
D) Write down only the information on the Power Point slides.

Question 45

A ________________approach to learning works best.

A) Auditory
B) Kinesthetic
C) Visual
D) Multi-sensory

Question 46

If your professor provides you with a copy of the Power Point slides, you should:

A) Write all the notes in your notebook because the act of taking the notes is important.
B) Breathe a sigh of relief, you can simply sit back and listen to the lecture.
C) Print out the slides and write down more specific information, especially examples.
D) Study only what is printed on the slides because that is what your professor thinks is most important.

Question 47

Your friend Sal has circles all over his notebook with many lines connecting the circles. What note-taking method is he using?

A) Linear
B) Concept map
C) Matrix
D) Outline

Question 48

Your classmate uses bold font, headings, and tables in her notes. Which method is she most likely using?

A) Cornell
B) Matrix
C) Digital
D) Linear

Question 49

It is important to take notes during all of the following learning activities except:

A) Lecture
B) Video
C) Class discussion
D) It is important to take notes during all of these learning activities.

Question 50

Which of the following statement best describes the Cornell Method of note-taking?

A) The notes are primarily taken on the left hand side of the page and then examples are listed at the bottom of the page.
B) The notes are primarily taken on the left hand side of the page and then examples or important points are listed on the right hand side of the page.
C) The notes are primarily taken on the right hand side of the page and then examples are listed at the bottom of the page.
D) The notes are primarily taken on the right hand side of the page and then examples or important points are listed on the left hand side of the page and a summary is on the bottom.

Question 51

Your friend is taking notes by just writing notes without much organization. Which method is he most likely using?

A) Matrix
B) Cornell
C) Linear
D) Outline

Question 52

Which of the following is not an effective way to show your professor that you are interested and involved during class?

A) Simply sit back and listen. Don't take notes so you can take all of the information in without distractions.
B) Ask relevant questions about the lecture material.
C) Maintain eye contact with the professor.
D) Take notes, writing down key concepts and examples.

Question 53

Your friend is starting college and wants to take good notes. Which of the following would you NOT recommend?

A) Write down everything your professor says
B) Use an organizational structure
C) Combine lecture and reading notes
D) Re-package your notes after class

Question 54

According to the research conducted by Knight and McKelvie (1986), you should:

A) Review your notes
B) Listen during class and don't worry about taking notes because you can always take notes from the book later.
C) Take notes, but you don't have to review them after class.
D) None of these are accurate statements.

Question 55

Which of the following statements about note-taking is supported by research?

A) It is most effective to use the note-taking system that you are most familiar with so it is often a good idea to continue with your high school note-taking habits.
B) Linear notes are the most used and are also the most effective method.
C) All note-taking methods are equally effective as long as you have read the material carefully.
D) The matrix method is the most effective note-taking method.

Question 56

Which of the following is a benefit of Digital Notes?

A) Easy to add concepts as needed
B) Easy to re-organize
C) Access anywhere if you have the technology available
D) All of these are advantages

Question 57

It is often best to use the matrix note taking method:

A) Before you attend class
B) During class
C) After class
D) At the end of the semester

Question 58

Which of the following note-taking methods is the least effective?

A) Linear
B) Outline
C) Matrix
D) Digital Notes

Question 59

If you want to share your notes, what method would work best?

A) Cornell method
B) Evernote
C) Matrix method
D) Linear method

Question 60

What goes at the bottom of the page in Cornell notes?

A) Questions
B) Main points
C) A Summary
D) All of these belong at the bottom of the page

Question 61

Your friend asks you to join a study group. You say:

A) Yes, research has shown that study groups are beneficial
B) No thanks, research shows that studying alone works better
C) The research on study groups is mixed.
D) No thanks, study groups only work if you don't study with friends

Question 62

What recommendation would you make to a friend who is coming up with a study plan?

A) Study all day every Sunday
B) Study at night because students are most productive at this time
C) Study twice per week
D) Study a little each day

Question 63

High performing students studied approximately ___ more minutes per week engaged in organizing in the Dickinson & O'Connell (1990) study?

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 50

Question 64

The fact that we can remember pictures more quickly and efficiently than words is referred to as the:

A) Images are powerful phenomenon
B) Incredible images phenomenon
C) Testing effect
D) Picture superiority effect

Question 65

Your professor says the purpose of the upcoming quiz is to learn. What type of assessment is this quiz?

A) Formative
B) Inquiry based
C) Summative
D) High stakes

Question 66

Which theorist emphasizes the importance of social-cultural aspects to learning?

A) Vygtosky
B) Miller
C) Ebbinghaus
D) Gardner

Question 67

A pretest is an example of:

A) Inquiry assessment
B) Formative assessment
C) Summative assessment
D) All of these statements are correct

Question 68

A final exam would be an example of:

A) Inquiry assessment
B) Formative assessment
C) Summative assessment
D) All of these statements are correct

Question 69

Students tend to overestimate the importance of:

A) Testing
B) Organizing
C) Studying
D) Reviewing

Question 70

________appear to be most powerful in the learning process.

A) Visual images
B) Sounds
C) Words
D) All of these are equally important.

Question 71

Do students who are less participatory still benefit from group work?

A) No, it only benefits extraverts
B) No, study groups are not beneficial for anyone
C) Yes, even listeners benefit
D) The research is not clear on this topic

Question 72

What does the research say about using computer based simulation and games to learn?

A) Students like them but they are not very effective
B) Students like them and they have found to be effective
C) Simulation exercises are helpful but digital games are not
D) Digital games are helpful but simulation exercises are not

Question 73

Jane can't yet write a 10 page paper but she could if she had support. According to Vygtosky, this is referred to as:

A) Scaffolding
B) Distributed practice
C) Kinesthetic learning
D) Zone of proximal development

Question 74

How did the high performers and low performers differ in the Dickinson and O'Connell (1990) study?

A) High performers spent significantly more time reading and reviewing.
B) Low performers spent significantly less time studying and reading.
C) High performers spent significantly more time studying and using the organizing strategy.
D) Low performers said they studied, but really didn't spend much time doing so.

Question 75

Formative assessment typically happens ______learning.

A) Before or During
B) During or After
C) Before or After
D) Outside the classroom only

Question 76

The purpose of formative assessment is:

A) Learning
B) Showing what you know
C) Remembering
D) Note-taking

Question 77

Based on the findings of Dickinson and O'Connell (1990), what advice would you give your friend if she wanted to maximize her study time?

A) Use a color coding system to organize your materials.
B) Study with a friend so that you can quiz one another.
C) Read and review your materials over and over again.
D) Link concepts to one another and put the information into your own words.

Question 78

Summative assessment typically happens:

A) At the beginning of the semester
B) A few weeks into the semester
C) Mid-way through the semester
D) At the end of the semester

Question 79

According to Dickinson & O'Connell (1990), high and low performing students spent similar amounts of time:

A) Reading
B) Reviewing
C) Reading and Reviewing
D) Reading and Organizing

Question 80

According to research,

A) We all learn differently
B) There is much support for learning styles
C) We are more similar than different than each other in terms of how we learn
D) None of these statements are accurate