Deck 11: Mothers and Infants: Nutrition Assessment,Services,and Programs

Question 1

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,Infants,and Children was authorized in 1972 as an amendment to the Child Nutrition Act of 1966.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Maternal age can be a risk factor during pregnancy.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The amount of weight a woman should gain during pregnancy depends on her pre-pregnancy BMI and the number of children she is carrying.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Iron deficiency remains a prevalent nutritional problem in infancy,although it has declined in recent years.

Question 5

EPSDT is a mandatory Medicaid service administered by CMS and is a widespread and well-utilized program because it is available to many participants.

Question 6

Genetics is probably the most significant factor affecting an infant's susceptibility to food allergies.

Question 7

WIC is an entitlement program,and therefore can serve all individuals requesting services.

Question 8

Results from several cost-benefit analyses have shown that money spent on WIC services is well spent.

Question 9

Introducing a variety of flavors and foods before 2 may increase acceptance of a wider variety of flavors and foods in later childhood.

Question 10

The Healthy Start Program specializes in outreach and home visits.

Question 11

Peer counseling has been shown to be an effective way to keep mothers breastfeeding.

Question 12

If a woman gains more than the recommended amount of weight early in the pregnancy,she should diet for weight loss in the last few weeks.

Question 13

Soy formulas are preferred by most doctors.

Question 14

Over 90 percent of all Healthy Start families are African American,Hispanic,or Native Americans.

Question 15

Babies should be weaned from breast milk to cow's milk at six months.

Question 16

The La Leche League International is a peer counseling organization that promotes abstinence before marriage.

Question 17

Recipients may not participate in both WIC and CSFP.

Question 18

The infant mortality rate in the United States is one of the lowest among industrialized countries.

Question 19

An infant mortality rate of 7 per 1,000 means that

A) 7 infants out of 1,000 live births die before one year of age.
B) 7 infants out of 1,000 live births die before 28 days of age.
C) 7 infants per 1,000 total population die before one year of age.
D) 7 infants up to two years of age die out of the total population yearly.

Question 20

One of the best indicators of a nation's health is the infant mortality rate.

Question 21

What are the two primary indicators of an infant's future health status?

A) Mother's weight and age before pregnancy
B) Length of gestation and birthweight of infant
C) Birthweight of the infant and mother's age
D) Type of prenatal care and birthweight of infant

Question 22

The percentage of mothers breastfeeding their infants is

A) decreasing.
B) increasing.
C) staying the same.

Question 23

Recommended weight gain during pregnancy for women who begin pregnancy at a healthful weight is now between _____ pounds.

A) 15 and 20
B) 15 and 25
C) 20 and 25
D) 25 and 35

Question 24

Which combination below agrees best with the textbook definition of low birthweight?

A) 2,500 grams/5 pounds or less
B) 2,500 grams/3 ½ pounds or less
C) 2,700 grams/6 pounds or less
D) 2,800 grams/6 ½ pounds or less

Question 25

Failure to thrive is diagnosed in infants who fall below the _____ percentile on the growth chart for weight-for-length.

A) 5ᵗʰ
B) 10ᵗʰ
C) 15ᵗʰ
D) 25ᵗʰ

Question 26

Which of the following groups of women tend to gain less than the recommended level of weight during pregnancy?

A) African-American women
B) Older moms
C) Hispanic young women
D) Moms with other children

Question 27

_____ mothers breastfeed their infants most frequently in the U.S.

A) Asian, non-Hispanic
B) Black, non-Hispanic
C) Hispanic
D) White, non-Hispanic

Question 28

Maternal mortality rates in the U.S.have _____ during the past 50 years.

A) decreased
B) increased
C) stayed the same

Question 29

Which group has the highest infant mortality rates in the United States?

A) Blacks, non-Hispanic
B) Native Americans
C) Puerto Ricans
D) Mexican Americans

Question 30

A LBW baby is more likely to experience all of the following except

A) complications during delivery.
B) a statistically greater chance of having physical and mental birth defects.
C) death within his/her first year of life.
D) an increased quality of life.

Question 31

Which statement is true regarding infants' nutrient needs?

A) Infants need larger absolute amounts of most nutrients than adults do.
B) Relative to body weight, infants need twice as much of many of the nutrients as adults do.
C) Relative to body weight, infants need three to four times as much of all the essential nutrients as adults do.
D) Infants need the same amount of nutrients as adults relative to body weight.

Question 32

The percentage of mothers breastfeeding their infants in the hospital (post-partum)is _____ the percentage breastfeeding when the baby is 6 months old.

A) higher than
B) lower than
C) the same as

Question 33

Which of the following is one of the several key areas for improving the health of mothers and infants,as identified by an interagency workgroup and the surgeon general?

A) Seek to reform eligibility requirements for maternal and infant programs so as to decrease participation.
B) Direct additional research toward determining the cause of Asian-American women's increased risk of dying from maternal complications.
C) Increase research on genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors that have an influence on pregnancy outcomes for mother and child.
D) Develop new interventions to reduce caffeine consumption during pregnancy.

Question 34

_____ measures can best confirm that growth is proceeding normally and/or help detect protein-energy malnutrition in infants.

A) BMI
B) Head circumference
C) Height
D) Weight

Question 35

Maternal risk factors associated with low-birthweight babies include

A) cigarette smoking.
B) poor nutrition.
C) minority status.
D) a and b
E) a, b, and c

Question 36

The leading cause of postneonatal mortality in the U.S.is

A) low birthweight.
B) SIDS.
C) very low birthweight.
D) neglect.

Question 37

By _____ months of age,most infants have tripled their birthweight.

A) 6
B) 10
C) 12
D) 16

Question 38

The recommended anthropometric measures to be performed on infants include the following except

A) head circumference.
B) heel-to-toe length.
C) recumbent length.
D) weight.

Question 39

Questions asked during a client-focused nutrition interview of a pregnant woman would include questions related to

A) presence of pica.
B) availability of food.
C) use of supplements.
D) usual food intake.
E) all of these

Question 40

After the first trimester,a gain of about _____ pound(s)per week is normal and recommended.

A) 0.5
B) 1.0
C) 1.5
D) 2.0

Question 41

Discuss the two of the most significant nutrition-related problems of infants and describe possible solutions.

Question 42

Which of the following programs is funded by the USDA?

A) Title V Maternal and Child Health Program
B) WIC
C) EPSDT
D) The Healthy Start Program

Question 43

Describe current infant feeding recommendations.

Question 44

The Health Center Program includes all of the following preventive services except

A) well-child care.
B) nutrition assessment.
C) health education.
D) care of high-risk pregnant women.

Question 45

By law,each state is required to operate the Title V Maternal and Child Health (MCH)program in all of the following areas except

A) maternity and infant care.
B) intensive infant care.
C) family planning efforts.
D) vision care for children.

Question 46

Which of following programs is administered by the USDHHS?

A) Health Center Program
B) WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program
C) Commodity Supplemental Food Program
D) Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program

Question 47

If the infant is not breastfed,then _____ should be given to the newborn.

A) nonfat milk
B) whole cow's milk
C) low-iron formula
D) iron-fortified formula

Question 48

What improvements would you recommend to enhance the effectiveness of the WIC program in meeting the needs of those who are eligible to participate?

Question 49

Which of these is a prevalent nutritional problem in infancy?

A) Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
B) Iron deficiency
C) Vitamin A deficiency
D) Food intolerances

Question 50

Identify the measures that are commonly taken to assess the nutrition status of pregnant women.

Question 51

All of the following are examples of WIC foods except

A) legumes.
B) milk.
C) fruit drinks.
D) eggs.

Question 52

Which of the following individuals would receive priority care within the WIC program?

A) Joey, a four-year-old boy who is at the 50ᵗʰ percentile for weight
B) Selena, a mom of four children aged 1, 3, 4, and 6
C) MaryAnn, a breastfeeding mom
D) Emily, a pregnant woman with iron-deficiency anemia

Question 53

Foods should be introduced to an infant one at a time because

A) this prevents overfeeding.
B) the swallowing reflex is not under voluntary control.
C) immunological protection has not been developed.
D) any allergic reactions can be detected.

Question 54

Discuss infant nutrient needs in relationship to adult nutrient needs.

Question 55

Who would be eligible for participation in the WIC program?

A) Pregnant teenager at 175% of the poverty line
B) Breastfeeding woman receiving SNAP EBT cards
C) Homeless pregnant woman eligible for Medicaid
D) a and b
E) a, b, and c

Question 56

Explain the relationship of maternal weight gain to infant birthweight.

Question 57

Which of the following is not characteristic of the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)?

A) EFNEP is designed specifically for nutrition education.
B) EFNEP is directed at low-income families.
C) EFNEP is implemented by dietitians.
D) EFNEP is administered by the USDA extension service.

Question 58

Discuss the status of fulfillment of the Healthy People 2020 goals in regards to pregnancy and infant nutrition.

Question 59

What additional issues need to be addressed with a pregnant teenager?

Question 60

What are the weight gain recommendations for pregnant women based on BMI?

Question 61

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. You have asked to participate in a research study on infant nutrition. As this is a new area of focus for you, you need to refresh your memory on infant nutrition.
Describe three anthropometric measurements routinely taken on infants.

Question 62

What are the unique features of the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)?

Question 63

List 4 potential barriers to achieving the nation's health objective of increasing the incidence of breastfeeding.

Question 64

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. You have asked to participate in a research study on infant nutrition. As this is a new area of focus for you, you need to refresh your memory on infant nutrition.
One of your very first infants was diagnosed with failure to thrive.What is this?

Question 65

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. You have asked to participate in a research study on infant nutrition. As this is a new area of focus for you, you need to refresh your memory on infant nutrition.
A few weeks later,you meet a young mother and her 2-month-old boy who are both new to the community.Based on the services offered in your community,what referrals and/or helpful pieces of information might you share with her?

Question 66

Why do you think that the farmers' markets aren't utilized as much as they could be?

Question 67

List 3 potential barriers to participation in WIC.

Question 68

List six nutritional risks in pregnancy.

Question 69

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. You have asked to participate in a research study on infant nutrition. As this is a new area of focus for you, you need to refresh your memory on infant nutrition.
What is the relative value of these anthropometric measurements? How are the values to be interpreted?

Question 70

What factors contribute to maternal and infant health?