Deck 11: Matter and Motion

Question 1

Which of the following defines the atomic number of an element?

A) The weight of its protons plus the weight of its neutrons
B) The number of protons it contains
C) The number of shells in which its electrons exist
D) The number of isotopes it has

Answer 1

The number of protons it contains

Question 2

A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical changes is known as which of the following?

A) A compound
B) A mixture
C) An atom
D) An element

Answer 2

An element

Question 3

The distance an object travels in a given unit of time is known as which of the following?

A) Speed
B) Velocity
C) Motion
D) Force

Answer 3

Speed

Question 4

Read the following statement and then select the response that properly describe the action of forces: "A book is lying on the lawn on a moonlit night."

A) The book and the earth are repelling
B) The book and the moon are repelling
C) The book is exerting an attractive force on the earth
D) The moon is exerting an attracting force on the book

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct statement?

A) If you cook an egg you have caused a physical change.
B) A piece of iron rusting is an example of a physical change.
C) Liquid water changing to solid water is an example of a physical change.
D) If you observe a roasting marshmallow turn brown and black, you are observing a physical change

Question 6

Which of the following is most closely related to Newton's first law of motion?

A) Physical changes always precede chemical changes.
B) If you cause a mass to accelerate, you are not changing its velocity.
C) The force of attraction between two masses does not depend on the distance between them.
D) If we apply a force to an object that is at rest, the object will apply an equal and opposite force.

Question 7

Which of the following is most closely related to an accurate explanation of why an airplane is able to rise in the air?

A) The pilot's control of the rudder
B) Drag has the effect of increasing thrust
C) The shape of the wings and the manipulation of ailerons both contribute to lift
D) The air pressure above the wing's surface is more than the air pressure below the wing's surface

Question 8

Which of the following serves as the definition of acceleration?

A) The speed of an object
B) The changes in velocity of an object
C) The direction in which an object is traveling
D) The distance an object travels in a given unit of time

Question 9

Which of the following is not a component of the law of conservation of matter?

A) Matter cannot be created
B) Matter cannot be destroyed
C) Matter is made of atoms
D) Matter can change its form

Question 10

Which of the following accurately defines atoms?

A) Parts of a molecule
B) Heavy particles having no electrical charge
C) Heavy particles having a positive electrical charge
D) Substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical changes

Question 11

A nail accidentally dropped by a blacksmith two hundred years ago is discovered by an archaeologist. She observes the surface of the nail and writes in her notes, "One nail, probably iron."
In at least three sentences, discuss whether a physical or chemical change has occurred, and provide information to support your conclusion.

Question 12

While digging through an old wooden chest kept in the attic, Mark finds an old newspaper under a rubber toy. He lifts up the toy and sees that the paper is still white and the print is easily readable under the toy, but the rest of the paper is yellowing and almost brown. In at least three sentences, discuss whether a physical or chemical change has occurred with the yellowing of the paper, and provide information to support your conclusion.

Question 13

A teacher tells a class "atoms are the smallest particles of matter."
In at least two sentences, discuss how the teacher could clarify the statement and make it more accurate.

Question 14

In at least three sentences, explain what causes an airplane to rise.

Question 15

Imagine that you inflate a balloon and release it. In at least three sentences, provide an explanation of why the balloon flies.

Question 16

Consider again the balloon example in question 5 above. In at least three sentences, explain how you could get the balloon to fly more slowly and why this would work.

Question 17

What is the electric charge of each of the following parts of a carbon atom: proton, neutron, and electron? Provide at least a sentence to describe each part.

Question 18

Explain in a paragraph why a burnt hotdog turns black.

Question 19

In a paragraph, describe the three states of matter, and how matter converts from one state to another.

Question 20

In at least a paragraph, describe thoroughly, using examples, the difference between elements, compounds, and mixtures.