Deck 45: Disorders of Kidney and Urinary Tract Function

Question 1

The nurse examines a newborn male and notes the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis. Which condition does the nurse suspect?

A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Cryptorchidism
D) Hydrocele

Answer 1

Epispadias

Question 2

A client is diagnosed with primary glomerulonephritis. Which conditions does the nurse recognize that are classified as primary glomerulonephritis? Select all that apply.

A) Minimal change disease
B) Crescentic glomerulonephritis
C) Membranous glomerulonephritis
D) Lupus nephritis
E) Postinfectious glomerulonephritis

Answer 2

Minimal change disease
Crescentic glomerulonephritis
Membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 3

The nurse cares for a client with a glomerular disorder. Which typical assessment findings does the nurse anticipate in the client? Select all that apply.

A) Proteinuria
B) Hypertension
C) Hematuria
D) Oliguria
E) Edema

Answer 3

Proteinuria
Hematuria
Edema

Question 4

The nurse cares for a client with diabetes recently diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy. Which findings does the nurse recognize are the result of the client's diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy? Select all that apply.

A) Leukocytosis
B) Glucosuria
C) Hyperfiltration
D) Proteinuria
E) Chronic kidney disease

Question 5

The nurse examines the urinalysis results of a client suspected of having nephritis. Which finding will the nurse expect if the client has a glomerular injury?

A) Hematuria
B) Glucosuria
C) Ketonuria
D) Albuminuria

Question 6

An older adult client with type 2 diabetes and hypertension asks the nurse, "What should my blood pressure goal be?" How should the nurse respond?

A) "Less than 190/88 mmHg."
B) "Less than 150/90 mmHg."
C) "Less than 140/88 mmHg."
D) "Less than 130/90 mmHg."

Question 7

A client with diabetes and hypertension is placed on lisinopril for treatment of hypertension. Which laboratory results does the nurse recognize may result from the client's medications? Select all that apply.

A) K+ 2.8 mEq/L
B) K+ 5.5 mEq/L
C) Na+ 128 mEq/L
D) Cl^- 120 mEq/L
E) Creatinine 2.2 mg/dL

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a client with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. Which factor does the nurse recognize is the leading cause of this disease?

A) Diabetes
B) Hypertension
C) Heredity
D) Autoimmune disease

Question 9

The nurse cares for four clients with cystitis. Which client represents a complicated cystitis case?

A) Middle-age adult female who has hypertension.
B) Young adult female who is pregnant.
C) Older adult female who has impaired mobility.
D) Older adult female who lives in a skilled nursing facility.

Question 10

A nurse manager plans training for staff nurses on early recognition of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in older adults. What will the nurse say is a frequent manifesting symptom of UTI in the older adult?

A) Fever
B) Abdominal pain
C) Confusion
D) Dysuria

Question 11

The nurse cares for a client with chronic pyelonephritis. What is the nurse's understanding of the most frequent cause of this condition?

A) Vesicoureteral reflux
B) Papillary necrosis
C) Nephrolithiasis
D) Tubulointerstitial injury

Question 12

A client is admitted to a medical unit with the primary diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. Which assessment findings does the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.

A) Headache
B) Fever
C) Chills
D) Abdominal pain
E) Costovertebral angle pain

Question 13

A client is suspected of having renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Which manifestation will the nurse likely assess? Select all that apply.

A) Hematuria
B) Dysuria
C) Abdominal mass
D) Weight loss
E) Urinary frequency

Question 14

A client is diagnosed with renal papillary adenoma. Which characteristic of this condition does the nurse recognize is true?

A) It is difficult to differentiate from a malignancy.
B) It is associated with tuberous sclerosis.
C) It is very aggressive and often deadly.
D) It is a hereditary disease of the proximal tubule.

Question 15

The community health nurse is providing education to a group of adults on prevention of bladder cancer. Which modifiable risk factor will the nurse identify as the most important in the prevention of bladder cancer?

A) Obesity
B) Smoking
C) Hyperlipidemia
D) Sedentary lifestyle

Question 16

The nurse cares for a client with a renal neoplasm. What location of the body does the nurse recognize is the most likely origin of this disease?

A) Renal cortex
B) Renal pelvis
C) Renal medulla
D) Renal fascia

Question 17

The nurse is caring for an older adult who reports recent urinary incontinence. What is the nurse's understanding about urinary incontinence in the older adult?

A) It is not a normal outcome of aging.
B) It is the expected result of muscle atrophy.
C) It generally occurs at night only.
D) It most commonly occurs with position changes.

Question 18

The nurse cares for a client with tuberous sclerosis. In addition to renal impairment, which findings does the nurse expect in this client? Select all that apply.

A) Early-onset gout
B) Skin tumors
C) Cognitive impairment
D) Visual impairment
E) Seizures

Question 19

The nurse works on a pediatric renal unit and cares for several clients with renal disorders. Which glomerular disorder does the nurse recognize as the most common primary glomerular disorder in children?

A) Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
B) Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
C) Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
D) Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 20

The nurse cares for a client with postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN). Which infection does the nurse recognize as most commonly causing this condition?

A) Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
B) Beta-hemolytic E. coli
C) Alpha-hemolytic streptococcus
D) Cocciodiodes immitis