Deck 15: Population, Urbanization, And The Environment

Question 1

The infant mortality rate refers to

A) the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in a population.
B) the number of deaths of infants under age 2 per 1,000 live births in a population.
C) the number of deaths of children under age 3 per 1,000 live births in a population.
D) the number of deaths or miscarriages per 1,000 live births in a population.
E) the number of deaths of babies in a given year.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Lower infant mortality rates generally _____ life expectancy.

A) decrease
B) increase
C) can either decrease or increase
D) have little relationship to
E) have no relationship to

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When demographers study population changes,they look at which of the following?

A) fertility and mortality
B) mortality and migration
C) migration and fertility
D) fertility and migration
E) fertility, mortality, and migration

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A/n _____ is a collection of people who share a geographic territory.

A) sample
B) population
C) demographic
D) bionetwork
E) anthology

Question 5

_____ was one of the most significant changes of the 20ᵗʰ century.

A) Population growth
B) Population decline
C) Migration increases
D) Fertility declines
E) Mortality declines

Question 6

Demographers study all of the following,except

A) where people are born.
B) how long people live.
C) who gets married.
D) why some people commit crimes.
E) how many times people move.

Question 7

The world population will reach 9.4 billion in

A)2010.
B)2015.
C)2020.
D)2025.
E)2050.

Question 8

_____ is the number of babies born in a particular society during a specified period.

A) Fertility
B) Fecundity
C) Productiveness
D) The crude birth rate
E) The total fertility rate

Question 9

According to ____,the earth has become a "dying planet" that has insufficient food and a rapidly expanding population that pollutes the environment.

A) demographers
B) Malthusian theorists
C) mortal theorists
D) demographic transition theorists
E) population theorists

Question 10

The crude birth rate is "crude" because

A) it does not allow comparisons across populations or countries.
B) it does not account for miscarriages, abortions or infant deaths.
C) it is based on an entire population rather than on specific measures such as a woman's age.
D) it is an old measure.
E) it considers factors such as a woman's age and marital status.

Question 11

Compared with death rates,a better measure of a population's health is the

A) crude birth rate.
B) total fertility rate.
C) infant mortality rate.
D) sex ratio.
E) population pyramid.

Question 12

Malthus's solution for decreasing population is:

A) Delaying marriage and sex until one can afford a family.
B) Governmental aid for poor families.
C) An overthrow of the capitalist system.
D) Better sex education in schools.
E) Early marriage.

Question 13

Countries like China and India have skewed sex ratios largely because of

A) demography.
B) fertility rates.
C) migration rates.
D) female infanticide.
E) civil wars.

Question 14

_____ is the scientific study of human populations.

A) Sociology
B) Demography
C) Ecology
D) Migration
E) Malthusian theory

Question 15

The town of Stewartville has 300 families.Stewartville is an example of a/n

A) sample.
B) population.
C) ecology.
D) urban area.
E) ecosystem.

Question 16

_____ is the average number of years that people born at about the same time can expect to live.

A) Mortality
B) Morbidity
C) Life expectancy
D) The crude death rate
E) The existence measure

Question 17

_____ is the number of deaths in a population during a specified period.

A) Migration
B) Morbidity
C) Mortality
D) Humanity
E) Fatality

Question 18

Emma is examining the number of deaths per 1,000 people in Spain in 2008.She is measuring

A) fertility.
B) population changes.
C) the crude birth rate.
D) mortality.
E) the crude death rate.

Question 19

Since 1900,the world population has

A) decreased by half.
B) decreased by a third.
C) doubled.
D) tripled.
E) stayed about the same.

Question 20

Demographers typically measure mortality using the

A) refined death rate.
B) specific death rate.
C) international death rate.
D) crude death rate.
E) crude birth rate.

Question 21

Mexico is a/n _____ country because its population pyramid shows that many of the people are 44 or younger.

A) young
B) old
C) middle-aged
D) declining
E) urbanized

Question 22

A sex ratio of 95 means that

A) there are equal numbers of men and women in a population.
B) there are more men than women in a population.
C) there are more women than men in a population.
D) there is 95 times the number of men than women in a population.
E) there is 95 times the number of women than men in a population.

Question 23

________ are visual representations of the age and sex structure of a population at a given point in time.

A) Sex ratios
B) Age ratios
C) Age and sex ratios
D) Sex pyramids
E) Population pyramids

Question 24

Italy is a/n _____ country because its population pyramid shows that many of the people are 50 or older.

A) young
B) old
C) middle-aged
D) declining
E) urbanized

Question 25

The proportion of men to women in a group in a nation's population is termed

A) fertility.
B) a sex balance.
C) a population pyramid.
D) a sex ratio.
E) infant mortality.

Question 26

A sex ratio of 105 means that

A) there are equal numbers of men and women in a population.
B) there are more men than women in a population.
C) there are more women than men in a population.
D) there is 105 times the number of men than women in a population.
E) there is 105 times the number of women than men in a population.

Question 27

Isabella has decided to move from Mexico to the United States because of the high crime rates in Mexico.Her decision is based on

A) pull factors.
B) push factors.
C) internal migration.
D) international migration.
E) economics.

Question 28

_____ migration involves movement across national borders.

A) Internal
B) International
C) Push
D) Pull
E) Global

Question 29

Worldwide,the life expectancy in 2011 was _____ for men and _____ for women.

A) 58; 68
B) 65; 72
C) 68; 72
D) 68; 72
E) 70, 67

Question 30

Ryan is moving from Minnesota to Arizona because the weather in Arizona is more to his liking.Ryan's decision is based on

A) pull factors.
B) push factors.
C) internal migration.
D) international migration.
E) economics.

Question 31

_________ is the movement of people into or out of a specific geographic area.

A) Migration
B) Internal migration
C) International migration
D) Mitigation
E) Urbanization

Question 32

Shiraz fears religious persecution in his country and has decided to move to Canada.His decision is based on

A) pull factors.
B) push factors.
C) internal migration.
D) international migration.
E) economics.

Question 33

_____ migration is movement within a country.

A) Internal
B) International
C) National
D) Emigrant
E) Immigrant

Question 34

Sarah is moving to Japan.She will be a/n _____ in Japan.

A) migrant
B) emigrant
C) internal migrant
D) displaced person
E) immigrant

Question 35

Life expectancies are currently among the highest worldwide in

A) Germany.
B) the United States.
C) Africa.
D) Japan.
E) China.

Question 36

Terri is moving to France because of the employment opportunities available in her line of work.Terri's decision is based on

A) pull factors.
B) push factors.
C) internal migration.
D) international migration.
E) economics.

Question 37

Mia is moving from Italy.She is a/n _____ of Italy.

A) immigrant
B) emigrant
C) internal migrant
D) international migrant
E) displaced person

Question 38

Every year,approximately _____ percent of the world's population migrates internationally.

A) 3
B) 8
C) 14
D) 21
E) 30

Question 39

Which one of the following statements about life expectancy is false?

A) American women generally live longer than men.
B) Advances in medicine have increased life expectancy worldwide.
C) One's occupation affects life expectancy.
D) People with a higher socioeconomic status live longer than those with a low socioeconomic status.
E) Life expectancy has been decreasing worldwide.

Question 40

A sex ratio of 100 means that

A) there are equal numbers of men and women in a population.
B) there are more men than women in a population.
C) there are more women than men in a population.
D) there is 100 times the number of men than women in a population.
E) there is 100 times the number of women than men in a population.

Question 41

_____ believe that the population is growing faster than the food supply needed to sustain it.

A) Zero population growth theorists
B) Malthusian theorists
C) Demographers
D) Marxists
E) Demographic transition theorists

Question 42

Which one of the following countries is in stage 3 of the demographic transition,where infant mortality rates have dropped,parents have fewer children,and many women work outside the home?

A) Cuba
B) Japan
C) Sierra Leone
D) China
E) Niger

Question 43

During stage _____ of the demographic transition,the death rate begins to drop because of improvements in health care,sanitation,and nutrition.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 44

According to Malthusian theory,food supply grows at a/n _____ rate.

A) arithmetic
B) geometric
C) proportional
D) algebraic
E) statistical

Question 45

According to demographic transition theory,population growth changes as societies experience

A) industrialization.
B) modernization.
C) technological advancements.
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 46

In the United States,many rural communities,particularly in the ____,have been losing inhabitants for decades and may be "on the brink of extinction."

A) Northwest
B) Midwest
C) South
D) Southwest
E) West

Question 47

_____ is the movement of people from rural areas to cities.

A) Deruralization
B) Migration
C) Suburbanization
D) Urbanization
E) none of the above

Question 48

During stage _____ of the demographic transition,population growth is rapid because birth rates are much higher than death rates.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 49

A stable population where each women has no more than two children is termed

A) Malthusian.
B) a demographic transition.
C) migration.
D) fertility.
E) zero population growth.

Question 50

_____ maintain that population growth is kept in check and stabilizes as populations experience economic development.

A) Zero population growth theorists
B) Malthusian theorists
C) Demographers
D) Marxists
E) Demographic transition theorists

Question 51

During stage _____ of the demographic transition,infant mortality rates drop and parents have fewer children.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 52

During stage _____ of the demographic transition,there is little population growth because birth rates and death rates are high.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 53

In 2011,the country with the largest population was

A) the United States.
B) India.
C) Indonesia.
D) China.
E) Brazil.

Question 54

According to Malthusian theory,population grows at a/n _____ rate.

A) arithmetic
B) geometric
C) proportional
D) algebraic
E) statistical

Question 55

During the demographic transition process,populations go through which four stages?

A) From high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates.
B) From low birth rates and low death rates to high birth rates and high death rates.
C) From high birth rates and low death rates to low birth rates and high death rates.
D) From low birth rates and high death rates to high birth rates and low death rates.
E) From low birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates.

Question 56

A/n _____ is a geographic area where a large number of people live relatively permanently and secure their livelihood primarily through nonagricultural activities.

A) mega city
B) city
C) village
D) exurb
E) agrarian

Question 57

During stage _____ of the demographic transition,death rates offset high birth rates because of high rates of infant mortality and a lack of medical care.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 58

During stage _____ of the demographic transition,birth and death rates are low and population growth is minimal.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 59

Demographers estimate that by 2050 the country with the largest population will be

A) the United States.
B) India.
C) Indonesia.
D) China.
E) Brazil.

Question 60

Malthus initially posited that war,famine,and disease were _____ on population growth.

A) fertility constraints
B) premarital checks
C) preventive checks
D) moral restraints
E) anticipatory blocks

Question 61

Which one of the following sees urban changes as largely the result of decisions made by powerful capitalists and other groups in the dominant social class?

A) Malthusian theorists
B) functionalists
C) new urban sociologists
D) feminist theorists
E) symbolic interactionists

Question 62

_____ are areas of new development that are beyond the suburbs that are relatively rural but on the fringe of urbanized areas.

A) Edge cities
B) Exurbs
C) Fringe cities
D) Border towns
E) Peripheral cities

Question 63

_____ is population movement from cities to the areas surrounding them.

A) City migration
B) Urbanization
C) Suburbanization
D) Exurbanization
E) De-ruralization

Question 64

Which one of the following theoretical perspectives emphasizes that poor women have the least access to decent housing in the city?

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interactionist
D) feminist
E) urbanist

Question 65

One consequence of urbanization is _____,the process of middle-class and affluent people buying and renovating buildings in downtown urban neighborhoods.

A) gentrification
B) suburbanization
C) megacities
D) segregation
E) pollution

Question 66

By 2025,the most populous city in the world will probably be

A) London, England.
B) Beijing, China.
C) Tokyo, Japan.
D) Los Angeles, California.
E) Paris, France.

Question 67

Originally,suburbs served as _____,where people lived between work hours.

A) "second cities"
B) "bedroom communities"
C) "sleeper cells"
D) "domestic communities"
E) "edge cities"

Question 68

The pace of urbanization has been the most rapid in

A) socialist nations.
B) industrialized nations.
C) more developed nations.
D) less developed nations.
E) nations with high life expectancies.

Question 69

Before the Industrial Revolution,urban areas grew largely because people figured out how to use _____ more effectively.

A) employment
B) health care
C) natural resources
D) technology
E) geographic space

Question 70

_____ are suburban areas where business centers emerged close to residential areas to include shopping and other necessities.

A) Metropolitan areas
B) Rural areas
C) Edge cities
D) Urban centers
E) Business cities

Question 71

In 2025,_____ percent of the world's population will be living in urban areas.

A) 23
B) 31
C) 45
D) 57
E) 66

Question 72

According to some critics,which one of the following sociological perspectives often overlooks the negative political and economic impact of urbanization?

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) feminist
D) symbolic interactionist
E) urbanist

Question 73

_____ is the rapid,unplanned and uncontrolled spread of urban development into regions that are adjacent to cities.

A) Edging
B) Fringing
C) Habitation
D) Urban sprawl
E) Urbanization

Question 74

By 2050,most of the world's urban population will be concentrated in

A) Europe.
B) the United States.
C) Africa and Latin America.
D) North America.
E) Asia and Africa.

Question 75

Which one of the following statements about the average exurbanite is not true?

A) S/he is white.
B) S/he is middle income.
C) S/he is single.
D) S/he travels two or more hours a day for work.
E) S/he owns a large house outside of an expensive metropolitan suburb.

Question 76

The fastest growing counties in the United States are

A) in the Midwest.
B) in large metropolitan areas.
C) outside of large metropolitan areas.
D) rural counties.
E) Southern counties.

Question 77

Megacities are metropolitan areas with at least _____ inhabitants.

A) 1 million
B) 10 million
C) 25 million
D) 50 million
E) 100 million

Question 78

Much of the growth in urban areas in the United States is due to the migration of

A) racial and ethnic minorities.
B) women.
C) men.
D) young adults.
E) people age 65 and older.

Question 79

_________refers to economic activities that meet the needs of the present without threatening the environmental legacy of future generations.

A) Urban ecology
B) Gentrification
C) Ecosystem
D) Sustainable development
E) Bartering

Question 80

As a result of the _____ in the mid-1800s,the urban population in many countries surged.

A) French Revolution
B) Enlightenment
C) Industrial Revolution
D) Protestant Reformation
E) Russian Revolution