Deck 2: Cellular Structure and the Compounds of Cells

Question 1

Which microscope is used to study the details of internal cell structure?

A) transmission electron microscope
B) scanning electron microscope
C) light microscope
D) electron microscope

Answer 1

transmission electron microscope

Question 2

What is the name given to the organelle filled with digestive enzymes that serves as a recycling centre in animal cells?

A) lysosome
B) vacuole
C) ribosome
D) peroxisome

Answer 2

lysosome

Question 3

After reading the paragraph below, answer the question that follows.
Mitochondria have their own genome. Although the size of the genome varies between eukaryotic species, it is typically small and contains genes encoding the respiratory complexes involved in synthesizing ATP. Mitochondrial genomes also contain genes for making ribosomal RNA required to make proteins within mitochondria.

-Mutations in a mitochondrial gene that cause loss of function of the encoded protein would typically be associated with which of the following symptoms?

A) an inability to produce glycogen
B) general muscle weakness due to a compromised ability to produce ATP to drive contraction
C) thirst due to a compromised ability to produce metabolic water
D) a compromised ability to digest and degrade cellular material

Answer 3

general muscle weakness due to a compromised ability to produce ATP to drive contraction

Question 4

Which one of the following is not one of the key chemical groups?

A) hydroxyl
B) carbonyl
C) acidic
D) phosphate

Question 5

Which of the following does a lipoprotein not typically contain?

A) cholesterol
B) fatty acids
C) triglycerides
D) phospholipids

Question 6

After reading the paragraph below, answer the question that follows.
A single nucleotide substitution in the gene encoding glycogen synthase occurs. The result of this particular mutation is to alter the amino acid composition of the glycogen synthase enzyme, rendering it inactive and incapable of synthesizing glycogen.

-If a child inherits two copies (alleles) of the mutated gene, which of the following statements accurately describes what would happen?

A) Another enzyme, like glycogen phosphorylase, will pick up the slack and help to catalyze the synthesis of glycogen.
B) The child's body will synthesize more triglyceride to make up for the missing glycogen.
C) Muscle weakness and exercise intolerance would be issues since muscle is highly reliant on glycogen.
D) The child's body would store glucose instead of the polymerized form of glucose, i.e., glycogen.