Deck 4: Patterns of Inheritance and the Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Question 1

Fertilization of a plant with the pollen of another plant is called

A) cross-breeding.
B) self-fertilization.
C) cross-fertilization.
D) irregular fertilization.

Answer 1

cross-fertilization.

Question 2

An organism that has two different alleles for a gene is

A) heterozygous.
B) dominant.
C) homozygous.
D) recessive.

Answer 2

heterozygous.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a genetic testing method used on an unborn fetus?

A) amniocentesis
B) chorionic villus sampling
C) newborn screening
D) ultrasound imaging

Answer 3

newborn screening

Question 4

After reading the paragraph below, answer the question(s) that follow(s).
A woman has been trying to conceive for several years, unsuccessfully. At a fertility clinic, they discover that she has blocked fallopian tubes. Using modern technologies, some of her eggs are removed, fertilized with her husband's sperm, and implanted into her uterus. The procedure is successful, but the couple discovers that their new son is colourblind and has blood type O. The woman claims that the child can't be theirs since she has blood type A and her husband has type B. Also, neither parent is colourblind, although one grandparent (the woman's father) is also colourblind.

-With respect to the possibility that the wrong fertilized egg had been implanted accidentally, you would explain that

A) this is impossible since an egg from another individual would have been rejected by the immune system.
B) this is possible, but there is no way of knowing whether this happened.
C) this is possible and could be determined by genetic analysis of the child.
D) this is possible and could be determined by behavioural testing.

Question 5

Bacteria and archaea reproduce by a type of cell division called

A) binary fission.
B) asexual reproduction.
C) division.
D) sexual reproduction.

Question 6

The genetic material is duplicated during

A) the mitotic phase.
B) G₁.
C) the S phase.
D) G₂.

Question 7

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the question(s) that follow(s).
Mr. and Mrs. Smith have three sons in elementary school. Two of their children are progressing normally, but their last son, Charles, has been much slower than his siblings at developing speech and language skills. His parents are concerned that he has a learning disability and decide to investigate further. Since some learning disabilities can be genetically based, their pediatrician recommends a chromosomal analysis.
The results show that Charles has a trisomy of the sex chromosomes, diagnosed as XYY, which is caused by nondisjunction in the formation of the father's sperm. The nondisjunction resulted in an extra copy of the Y chromosome. The extra copy was passed on to Charles during fertilization. Most often, this chromosomal change causes no unusual physical features or medical problems, but those with trisomy of the sex chromosomes do have a higher than normal risk of delays in learning development.

-An extra copy of the Y chromosome would be expected to cause problems because

A) more proteins encoded by the extra gene copies on the extra chromosome would be produced and create imbalances within cells.
B) the affected cells would die.
C) the child would become more aggressive.
D) the child would develop sexual ambiguity.