Deck 6: Sexual Orientation and Heterosexism

Question 1

The number of lesbian, gay, and bisexual Americans is estimated to total

A) 3.5 million.
B) 9 million.
C) 1 million.
D) 25 million.

Answer 1

9 million.

Question 2

Home ownership is generally lower for same-sex couples because

A) most LGBTQI individuals are single.
B) most LGBTQI couples choose to rent.
C) most states have laws that prohibit unmarried couples from owning homes together.
D) same-sex couples cannot afford to own a home.

Answer 2

most states have laws that prohibit unmarried couples from owning homes together.

Question 3

Gay men tend to be diagnosed with __________ more than heterosexual men.

A) sexual dysfunction
B) panic disorder
C) obsessive compulsive disorder
D) schizophrenia

Answer 3

panic disorder

Question 4

Individuals who are LGBT are ______ than persons who are heterosexual to experience depression, suicide, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders.

A) less likely
B) as likely
C) more likely
D) None of the above.

Question 5

The Defense of Marriage Act is an example of

A) a social justice law.
B) institutional heterosexism.
C) internalized homophobia.
D) a law promoting same-sex marriage.

Question 6

Approximately __________ of LGBTQI students have been verbally harassed in schools.

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 85%
D) 76%

Question 7

African-American gay and bisexual men are more likely to abuse

A) marijuana and nicotine.
B) alcohol and cocaine.
C) GHB and Ecstasy.
D) steroids and alcohol.

Question 8

__________ is(are) NOT associated with bullying of LGBTQI youth in schools?

A) Depression
B) Nightmares
C) More casual sex partners in adulthood
D) Personality disorders

Question 9

A competent counselor should refer to a female client who is attracted to other women

A) as a lesbian.
B) as a bisexual.
C) as a homosexual.
D) according to how the client prefers to be called.

Question 10

When working with LGBTQI clients of color, counselors should focus on

A) ethnic identity.
B) gender identity.
C) sexual orientation.
D) All of the above.

Question 11

A common stereotype about LGBTQI individuals is that they

A) have a high income.
B) do not have kids.
C) are promiscuous.
D) All of the above.

Question 12

While working with LGBTQI clients, counselors need to expand the term

A) straight.
B) homosexual.
C) family.
D) sexism.

Question 13

Conversion therapy was used to

A) convert negative cognitions into positive cognitions.
B) convert the sexual orientation of LGBTQI individuals.
C) ease tension and anxiety among LGBTQI individuals.
D) convert non-spiritual clients into spiritual clients.

Question 14

Anti-gay marriage laws are examples of

A) homophobia.
B) ableism.
C) imposter phenomenon.
D) institutional heterosexism.

Question 15

Sexual identity includes

A) physical identity.
B) gender identity.
C) social sex role identity.
D) All of the above.

Question 16

The preferred term to refer to an individual or group of people who have same-sex feelings and behaviors and who identify with the gay community is

A) gay or lesbian.
B) homosexual.
C) heterosexual.
D) bisexual.

Question 17

__________ is NOT one of the variables described as comprising sexual orientation.

A) Sexual behaviors
B) Emotions
C) Communication style
D) Social preference

Question 18

The gay identity development process

A) is a fairly simple process.
B) begins at a specific age.
C) is over by midlife.
D) None of the above.

Question 19

Gay affirmative counseling includes

A) viewing homosexuality as a disorder to be cured.
B) avoiding discussion of major issues that may arise for gay men and lesbians during counseling.
C) counselors being aware of their own strengths and weaknesses in working with gay clients.
D) None of the above.

Question 20

Major goals of gay affirmative counseling include

A) promoting positive identity development.
B) promoting psychological adjustment.
C) focusing on issues specific to gays, lesbians, and bisexuals.
D) All of the above.

Question 21

__________ model of gay and lesbian identity development set the groundwork for future identity development models and is one of the most comprehensive models.

A) Cass'
B) Coleman's
C) Erikson's
D) Freud's

Question 22

Which of the following is a difference between the identity development of gay men and lesbians, according to Cass (1990)?

A) Men are less likely to have a sexually stimulating experience trigger the identity process.
B) Lesbians are less likely to have an emotional experience trigger the identity process.
C) Lesbians are more likely to reject societal female sex roles.
D) Gay men are more likely to reject male sex roles.

Question 23

Based on research, major national medical and psychological organizations have concluded that children of gay and lesbian parents are no different than other children in terms of

A) gender role behavior.
B) sexual orientation.
C) psychological and cognitive development.
D) All of the above.

Question 24

A major issue for gay and lesbian "double and triple minorities" is

A) moving through several developmental processes in order to develop positive identities.
B) fearing that they are risking the acceptance of one group by identifying with another group.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 25

A general theme among identity development models is that

A) environmental influences do not affect the developmental process.
B) minorities within the gay community do not have additional identity issues with which to deal.
C) identity development models are a means to better understand human development.
D) there are no differences in development among various individuals.

Question 26

According to the ALGBTIC competencies, competent counselors understand that homosexuality, bisexuality, and gender nonconformity are

A) not forms of psychopathology.
B) not evidence of developmental arrest.
C) core characteristics that influence clients' perceptions of themselves and their worlds.
D) All of the above.

Question 27

Lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals

A) are protected from employment discrimination in the U.S.
B) are not protected from employment discrimination in most states and communities.
C) are covered under federal Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
D) None of the above.

Question 28

Multicultural counseling focuses on

A) the experience of ethnic minority clients.
B) gender identity and sexual orientation identities.
C) the intersection of multiple cultural identities.
D) All of the above.

Question 29

Stress associated with being part of a stigmatized group is called

A) stress symptom.
B) stigmatized stress.
C) minority stress.
D) Black stress disorder.

Question 30

__________ functions to systematically and narrowly define gender roles.

A) Sexism
B) Homophobia
C) Privilege
D) Heterosexism

Question 31

The enforcement of heterosexual norms that may be consciously or unconsciously endorsed by individuals and institutions is called

A) heterosexism.
B) homophobia.
C) homoprejudice.
D) None of the above.

Question 32

The fear or hatred of LGBTQI is called

A) heterosexism.
B) homophobia.
C) internalized heterosexism.
D) sexism.

Question 33

The negative attitudes that some LGBTQI people hold about their own sexual orientation is called

A) heterosexism.
B) homophobia.
C) internalized homophobia.
D) sexism.

Question 34

A system of heterosexism that confers unearned advantages onto heterosexual people is called

A) homophobia.
B) internalized homophobia.
C) heterosexual privilege.
D) homosexual privilege.

Question 35

__________ marked the beginning of the modern LGBTQI rights movement.

A) The Stonewall uprising
B) Sputnik
C) World War I
D) World War II

Question 36

LGBTQI individuals are

A) less likely to live in poverty as compared to heterosexuals.
B) more likely to live in poverty as compared to heterosexuals.
C) as likely to live in poverty as compared to heterosexuals.
D) unlikely to live in poverty at all.

Question 37

A same-sex intimate encounter always means that a person is

A) gay/lesbian.
B) bisexual.
C) questioning.
D) None of the above.

Question 38

LGBTQI people

A) are likely not to be in a committed relationship.
B) cannot adopt children.
C) have less education than the general population.
D) None of the above.

Question 39

A major issue for LGBQI people of color is

A) religiosity is not typically a factor in coming out.
B) establishing healthy racial and sexual identities simultaneously.
C) the numerous sources of social support available.
D) None of the above.

Question 40

Which of the following is related to psychological distress in lesbians?

A) ableism
B) ageism
C) sexism
D) All of the above.

Question 41

Bisexual individuals are more likely to experience discrimination and intolerance from

A) the gay community
B) the heterosexual community
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above

Question 42

An environmental or internal event that fuels a stress response is called a(n)

A) stressor.
B) attribution bias.
C) hate crime.
D) cultural trauma.

Question 43

Most new HIV infection rates occur among

A) heterosexual African American men.
B) Latina women.
C) heterosexual IV drug users.
D) men who have sex with men.

Question 44

__________ could minimize heterosexual bias in counselor training.

A) Reviewing LGBTQI resources in courses
B) Self-exploration
C) Paying attention to power dynamics in language
D) All of the above.

Question 45

Laws in some states restricting same-sex parent adoption is an example of

A) a social justice law.
B) institutional heterosexism.
C) internalized homophobia.
D) a law promoting same-sex marriage.

Question 46

What does the term "heterosexual ally" mean? What are steps counselors can take to become heterosexual allies?

Question 47

Give specific examples of how the American Counseling Association's Advocacy Competencies could be applied to women and LGBTQI individuals.

Question 48

Discuss how heterosexism is related to HIV/AIDS infection rates.

Question 49

Discuss specific ways counselors can help create a more socially just non-heterosexist society.

Question 50

Discuss the similarities and differences between sexism and heterosexism.

Question 51

Why is it important to assess the multiple identities of women and LGBTQI clients?

Question 52

Explain the similarities and differences of the mental health consequences associated with sexism and heterosexism.

Question 53

Check out the ALGBTIC Competencies. What are five ways you might practice advocacy with clients based on these competencies?

Question 54

Think about the seven variables to describe sexual orientation and how each one relates to your own experience.

Question 55

What are your thoughts on the term "affectional orientation?" Do you think it makes sense as a way to describe the complexity of human emotions and behaviors? Would you want to be described in only sexually based terminology?

Question 56

Why is homosexual no longer the preferred term to refer to someone who has same-sex feelings and behaviors?

Question 57

Describe the process of gay male identity development using one of the models described in this chapter.

Question 58

Describe the process of lesbian identity development using one of the models described in this chapter.

Question 59

How is bisexual identity development similar to and different from lesbian and gay male identity development?

Question 60

Describe the various heterosexual privileges of which counselors should be aware.

Question 61

Describe the challenges faced by LGBTQI youth of which counselors should be aware.

Question 62

How do mental health stereotypes of LGBTQI people contribute to discrimination and prejudice?

Question 63

Explain what contributes to the disproportionately high rates of substance use among LGBTQI persons.

Question 64

What are some of the components of LGBTQI affirmative counseling?