Deck 1: The Culturally Competent Counselor

Question 1

__________ is NOT one of the first three forces of counseling.

A) Psychodynamic
B) Gestalt
C) Behaviorism
D) Humanistic/Existentialism

Answer 1

Gestalt

Question 2

One reason the United States has become so diverse is due to

A) aging trends.
B) higher birth rates in some ethnic minority groups.
C) immigration trends.
D) All of the above.

Answer 2

All of the above.

Question 3

Ethnicity, gender, sexual identity, and spirituality are examples of

A) cultures.
B) identities.
C) subgroups of cultural groups.
D) values.

Answer 3

cultures.

Question 4

Cultural identities of clients should be acknowledged in counseling because client cultural identities

A) may differ from the counselor's cultural identity.
B) affect client experiences in counseling.
C) Both a and b.
D) None of the above.

Question 5

The human experience of culture is mediated by

A) biological events.
B) historical events.
C) political events.
D) All of the above.

Question 6

Ethnocentrism is a danger to the counseling profession because

A) counselors may project their values onto clients.
B) counselors may ignore how the client's cultural values and beliefs may influence the client.
C) there may be a disconnect between the counselor's practicing theory and the client's worldview.
D) All of the above.

Question 7

Cooperation, "saving face," and interdependence are examples of

A) collectivistic values.
B) individualistic values.
C) ethnocentric values.
D) worldview.

Question 8

Those people born during the Baby Boomer generation were born between the years of

A) 1901 - 1924.
B) 1925 - 1942.
C) 1943 - 1960.
D) 1961 - 1981.

Question 9

Socioeconomic status (SES) is defined by

A) household income.
B) education level.
C) access to health care.
D) All of the above.

Question 10

_________ disabilities represent the majority of disabilities.

A) Mental
B) Physical
C) Spiritual
D) None of the above.

Question 11

Professional counselors who engage in advocacy efforts assume that there is a(n)

A) common goal for advocacy among other professionals.
B) power differential among U.S. individuals.
C) unconscious and unearned power among all cultural groups.
D) All of the above.

Question 12

One way to deepen the level of understanding shared by a counselor and client is to use

A) sympathy.
B) metaphors.
C) projection.
D) kinesics.

Question 13

__________ is NOT one of the hierarchical social relationship categories.

A) Individualistic
B) Lineal-hierarchical
C) Collateral-individual
D) Collateral-mutual

Question 14

__________ may result when counselors cannot convey understanding to culturally and linguistically different clients.

A) Frustration
B) Invalidation
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 15

It is imperative that professional counselors interpret client presentation based on

A) norms from within the client's culture.
B) norms from within the majority culture.
C) what the professional counselor has researched about the client's culture.
D) All of the above.

Question 16

In order to increase open communication, counselors should consistently

A) take notes throughout sessions.
B) check with clients to ensure they are accurately interpreting and understanding clients' messages.
C) write a synopsis of the session and ask the client to read it before the next session.
D) record counseling sessions with the consent of the client.

Question 17

As counselors work with clients who experience daily prejudice and discrimination, it is important that counselors examine

A) clients' emotions associated with these experiences.
B) clients' environmental stressors associated with stereotyping.
C) their own prejudices.
D) All of the above.

Question 18

Biculturalism is a part of the _________ model of acculturation.

A) separation
B) marginalization
C) assimilation
D) integration

Question 19

__________ is a stressor that occurs across cultural identities.

A) Violence
B) Trauma
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 20

Developing multicultural counseling competency involves a

A) psychodynamic approach.
B) existential approach.
C) systems approach.
D) behavioral approach.

Question 21

Increased levels of counselor awareness and knowledge of oppression has led to a(n)

A) focus on social justice and advocacy.
B) decrease in minority groups attending counseling.
C) focus on more effectively treating clients of the dominant group.
D) All of the above.

Question 22

When working with culturally diverse clients, it is essential to remember that there are more __________ differences than __________ differences.

A) between-group; within-group
B) within-group; between-group
C) general; universal
D) specific; universal

Question 23

There is evidence that counselors may __________ culturally diverse clients due to prejudice.

A) misdiagnose
B) underdiagnose
C) overdiagnose
D) All of the above.

Question 24

A factor that might cause diverse clients to avoid counseling is

A) inaccessibility of services.
B) misdiagnosis.
C) mistrust of the counseling profession.
D) All of the above.

Question 25

When considering both racial and ethnic minority group membership, which group represents the fastest growing population?

A) Blacks/African Americans
B) Hispanic/Latin Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Both b and c.

Question 26

The largest number of foreign-born individuals originate from

A) Latin America.
B) Europe.
C) Asia.
D) Africa.

Question 27

The group with the highest median income is

A) Hispanic/Latin Americans.
B) Whites.
C) Asian Americans.
D) Blacks/African Americans.

Question 28

"Those living in poverty" is an example of __________ culture.

A) universal
B) group
C) individual
D) None of the above.

Question 29

Self-disclosure is an example of

A) individualism.
B) collectivism.
C) universal culture.
D) group culture.

Question 30

"I am in charge of creating success for myself" is an example of the __________ worldview.

A) internal locus of responsibility
B) internal locus of control
C) external locus of responsibility
D) external locus of control

Question 31

"I believe what happens to me is based on my own doings" is an example of the __________ worldview.

A) internal locus of responsibility
B) internal locus of control
C) external locus of responsibility
D) external locus of control

Question 32

__________ is NOT an example of nonverbal communication.

A) Paralanguage
B) Kinesics
C) Proxemics
D) Metaphor

Question 33

Clients of diverse backgrounds may seek counseling because

A) other services are inaccessible to them.
B) counselors focus on within-group differences.
C) there is social acceptance of counseling.
D) None of the above.

Question 34

Counselors engaging in community experiences to better understand a client of a cultural identity different from their own is an example of the __________ aspect of multicultural counseling competency.

A) attitudes and beliefs
B) knowledge
C) skills
D) advocacy

Question 35

______ refers to changes in behavior, cognitions, values, language, cultural activities, personal relational styles, and beliefs as a cultural minority group encounters the dominant culture.

A) Cultural encapsulation
B) Acculturation
C) Enculturation
D) Cultural identity

Question 36

______ culture refers to commonalities shared by all cultures and humankind.

A) Group
B) Individual
C) Universal
D) Collectivist

Question 37

The intrapersonal and interpersonal process in which individuals engage to build a clearer and more complex cultural identity is known as _____.

A) acculturation.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) ethnicity.
D) cultural identity development.

Question 38

A(n) _____ perspective focuses on universal qualities common to all cultures and aspects of counseling that are generalizable across cultures, while the _____ perspective involves viewing each client as an individual and evaluating the client using their cultural norms.

A) emic; etic
B) etic; emic
C) group; individual
D) individual; group

Question 39

_____ is the arbitrary, socially constructed classification of individuals often based on physical distinctions.

A) Race
B) Culture
C) Ethnicity
D) All of the above

Question 40

______ refers to the often unconscious and unearned power, access to resources, advantage, and social position based on cultural group memberships.

A) Oppression
B) Individualism
C) Nationality
D) Privilege

Question 41

Which of the following factors may deter culturally diverse populations from participating in and completing counseling services?

A) Attitudinal factors
B) Structural factors
C) Collectivist factors
D) Both a and b

Question 42

The type of nonverbal communication that includes body movements, positions, and postures is

A) paralanguage.
B) proxemics.
C) kinesics.
D) eye contact.

Question 43

_____ refers to prematurely holding a belief or attitude without appropriate examination or consideration of actual data, while _____ refers to covert and overt behaviors based on generalizations about individuals' cultural group memberships.

A) Prejudice; discrimination
B) Discrimination; prejudice
C) Stereotypes; prejudice
D) Discrimination; stereotypes

Question 44

In the _____ model of acculturation, highly acculturated individuals identify solely with the new culture.

A) integration
B) marginalization
C) separation
D) assimilation

Question 45

In the ______ model of acculturation, individuals reject the values and customs of both their own culture and the host culture.

A) integration
B) marginalization
C) separation
D) assimilation

Question 46

Describe the factors that are contributing to an increasingly diverse U.S. society.

Question 47

Describe the terms collectivism and individualism, along with the implications these concepts may have for counseling.

Question 48

Describe Kluckhohn and Strodbeck's theoretical model (1961) of worldview.

Question 49

Compare and contrast the expression of emotions between Western and non-Western cultures.

Question 50

Explain the different immigration patterns throughout U.S. history.

Question 51

Describe the stressors related to acculturation among individuals of minority cultures.

Question 52

Describe the factors that contribute to racial and ethnic minorities under-using counseling services and terminating counseling prematurely.

Question 53

Explain the systems approach to becoming a multiculturally competent counselor.

Question 54

Identify the four developmental domains proposed in the multicultural counseling and social justice competencies.

Question 55

Discuss the etic and emic perspectives. Which perspective is supported by multicultural counseling literature? Why?

Question 56

Describe attitudinal and structural factors, and explain how they deter culturally diverse populations from counseling.

Question 57

Explain and support the following statement: The way normality and abnormality is defined in counseling is culturally based.

Question 58

Identify at least three barriers that culturally diverse clients encounter regarding the accessibility of counseling services.

Question 59

Identify and describe the four main models of acculturation with which counselors should be familia.