Deck 14: Young Offenders

Question 1

When were reform efforts implemented to segregate young offenders from adult offenders in Canadian institutions?

A) in the late 1700s
B) in the early 1800s
C) in the late 1800s
D) in the early 1900s

Answer 1

in the late 1800s

Question 2

Which federal legislation viewed youth who were in conflict with the law as misdirected-because of inadequate parental and social guidance-and in need of intervention to address the factors that had contributed to their offending behaviour?

A) Youth Justice Act
B) Young Offenders Act
C) Juvenile Delinquents Act
D) Youth Criminal Justice Act

Answer 2

Juvenile Delinquents Act

Question 3

A youth is convicted and sentenced to 9 months of imprisonment. After 3 months, the authorities extend the sentence to 16 months. Which legislation was the youth sentenced under?

A) Young Offenders Act
B) Provisions of Bill C-10
C) Juvenile Delinquents Act
D) Youth Criminal Justice Act

Answer 3

Juvenile Delinquents Act

Question 4

Which legislation is defined as "youth legislation that attempted to balance the protection of young offenders with ensuring accountability"?

A) Youth Justice Act
B) Young Offenders Act
C) Juvenile Delinquents Act
D) Youth Criminal Justice Act

Question 5

Which of the following is a provision in Bill C-10 that relates to young offenders?

A) Young offenders CANNOT be promoted to adult court for trial.
B) Young offenders will be subject to imprisonment for committing status offences.
C) Young offenders' treatment needs are prioritized over public safety and protection.
D) Young offenders' names may be published when they are convicted of a violent offence.

Question 6

What federal legislation applies to persons aged 12 to 17 and includes the use of extrajudicial measures for less serious offences in an effort to reduce young offenders' incarceration rates?

A) Youth Justice Act
B) Young Offenders Act
C) Juvenile Delinquents Act
D) Youth Criminal Justice Act

Question 7

What percentage of the approximately 8,000 young offenders supervised by youth correctional systems in Canada in 2014-15 were subject to community supervision?

A) 60%
B) 70%
C) 80%
D) 90%

Question 8

Which group of youths continues to be over-represented in youth correctional populations across Canada?

A) Black Canadians
B) Asian Canadians
C) Indigenous people
D) Middle Eastern Canadians

Question 9

Which is a main contributing factor to a released offender reoffending and returning to prison, after being released on probation to his home on a reserve in Canada's far north?

A) the lack of programs and extrajudicial measures in his community
B) the community's high levels of unemployment
C) poor health and hygiene on northern reserves
D) lower completion rates of education in his community

Question 10

What federal legislation has formalized the practice of the police and the Crown issuing warnings and cautions and referring youth to diversion programs?

A) Criminal Code of Canada
B) Youth Criminal Justice Act
C) Controlled Drugs and Substance Act
D) Identification of Criminals Act

Question 11

Which section of the Youth Criminal Justice Act states, "all available sanctions other than custody that are reasonable in the circumstances should be considered for all young persons, with particular attention to the circumstances of Indigenous young persons"?

A) Section 14.1(1)
B) Section 38(2)(d)
C) Section 59(a)
D) Section 110(1)(a)

Question 12

Which court-imposed order requires a young offender to perform 240 hours of community service work that must be completed within 12 months of the date of the order?

A) Youth Work Order
B) Retention of Rights Order
C) Community Service Order
D) Order to Serve the Community

Question 13

What type of noncustodial sentence is described when a young offender is convicted of a property offence but will NOT have a criminal record after he meets the court-ordered requirements?

A) restitution
B) judicial reprimand
C) absolute discharge
D) conditional discharge

Question 14

Which conference with young offenders, their parents/guardians, and other support people establishes goals for young offenders to achieve while in custody, on probation, and after completion of their sentence?

A) Youth/Parents in Conference
B) Breaking the Cycle Conference
C) Community Case Conference
D) Integrated Case Management Conference

Question 15

A 15-year-old youth is again charged with a serious violent crime. The police and Crown counsel ask for a punitive approach in sentencing. Which option can the presiding judge pursue when sentencing this youth?

A) NO options are available for extra punishment.
B) The only option available in the Youth Criminal Justice Act is extended house arrest.
C) The only option is a youth sentence of 2 years less 1 day.
D) The judge can apply an adult sentence for the crime.

Question 16

What custodial sentence has been imposed when a young offender who was convicted of manslaughter spends 26 months in prison and 10 months under supervision in the community?

A) custody and supervision order
B) deferral of custody and supervision
C) custody and conditional supervision
D) custody and intensive rehabilitative supervision order

Question 17

Which correctional programming targets a young offender's negative thinking, anger issues, and heroin addiction?

A) general programming
B) individualized programming
C) offence-specific programming
D) offender-specific programming

Question 18

The likelihood of which of the following is decreased for young offenders in custody who receive mental health services, vocational services, and the assistance of a caregiver?

A) failing school
B) remaining unemployed
C) failing in the family situation
D) recidivism in the community

Question 19

What assessment tool has been used when a youth probation officer designs an individualized treatment and supervision plan to address a woman probationer's unique risk profile?

A) Level of Service Inventory
B) Female Level of Service Inventory
C) Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory
D) Female Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory

Question 20

Which organization provides a support group for at-risk youth, addresses the needs of shoplifters, and offers a Youth Restorative Practices certificate?

A) Island Community Justice Society
B) Victoria Restorative Justice Society
C) Indigenous Youth Restorative Justice Committee
D) Windsor-Essex County Youth Justice Committee

Question 21

Which program combines community restraint elements with community service strategies to facilitate young offenders' re-entry into society and increase public safety?

A) Re-entry Assessment
B) Outside Help Program
C) Stay in Touch Program
D) Aftercare Program

Question 22

What does research evidence reveal about the effectiveness of youth justice interventions?

A) Scared Straight programs are an ineffective specific deterrent.
B) Involvement in open custody and open detention facilities decreases youth reoffending.
C) Participation in intensive rehabilitative custody and supervision increases youth reoffending.
D) When given punitive sanctions, young offenders are effectively deterred from committing further criminal offences.

Question 23

What program includes the objectives of the appropriate use of courts and correctional institutions for young offenders, and proportionality in the youth justice system's response to the offence and offender's level of responsibility?

A) Open Custody Rehabilitation
B) Reintegration & Rehabilitation
C) Intensive Rehabilitative Custody & Supervision
D) Custodial Rehabilitation through Proportionality

Question 24

The police and the courts both have options to deal with a youth who is involved in a criminal incident. The police can use Extrajudicial Measures and the Crown can use Extrajudicial Measures and Extrajudicial Sanctions. For each agency, identify and describe the measures or sanctions that can be used.

Question 25

What factors would place a 13-year-old young offender at further risk for involvement in delinquent behaviour?