Question 1

Which of the following statements is not true about exploratory research?&#10;A) Exploratory research investigates the relationship between variables.&#10;B) A correlational study is an example of exploratory research.&#10;C) Exploratory research asks the question: Is a change in variable x related to a change in variable y?&#10;D) Exploratory research is primarily used for intervention studies.

Accepted Answer

Exploratory research is primarily aimed at gaining insights, discovering new ideas, and increasing understanding of a phenomenon. It is not specifically designed for intervention studies, which are more aligned with experimental or quasi-experimental research aiming to assess the effects of a specific intervention.

Question 2

A research study design that investigates multiple groups of subjects at one point in time is called a:&#10;A) Cross-sectional study&#10;B) Retrospective study&#10;C) Longitudinal study&#10;D) Case-control study

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study investigates multiple groups of subjects at one point in time to examine the prevalence of certain characteristics, behaviors, or conditions.

Question 3

A group of subjects followed over time and grouped together based on a factor such as age is called a:&#10;A) Population&#10;B) Cohort&#10;C) Control&#10;D) Cases

Accepted Answer

A cohort refers to a group of subjects who are grouped together and followed over time, often based on shared characteristics such as age, to observe outcomes related to health, behaviors, or other factors.

Question 4

A study that includes a group of subjects who have a condition and an age-matched group of subjects who do not have the condition is called a:&#10;A) Cohort study&#10;B) Case-control study&#10;C) Retrospective study&#10;D) Prospective study

Accepted Answer

A case-control study involves comparing subjects who have a specific condition (cases) with subjects who do not have the condition (controls), often matching them on characteristics such as age.

Question 5

A study that collects data from medical records of patients who were previously treated at a facility is called a:&#10;A) Prospective study&#10;B) Longitudinal study&#10;C) Cross-sectional study&#10;D) Retrospective study

Accepted Answer

A retrospective study looks back at data from past records to study outcomes or diseases, making it the correct choice for a study that collects data from medical records of patients who were previously treated.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of a cohort study?&#10;A) Is considered an observational study&#10;B) Must be designed as a prospective study&#10;C) Is considered a cross-sectional study&#10;D) Includes a control group

Accepted Answer

A cohort study is an observational study where subjects are followed over time to observe outcomes. It can be prospective or retrospective, and while it may include a comparison group, it is not inherently a cross-sectional study.

Question 7

A study that calculates an outcome based upon the relationship between variables is called a:&#10;A) Longitudinal study&#10;B) Cohort study&#10;C) Prospective study&#10;D) Predictive study

Accepted Answer

Predictive studies are designed to calculate an outcome based on the relationship between variables, aiming to predict future outcomes based on current or past variables.

Question 8

A study designed to develop an assessment tool for use in clinical practice is called a:&#10;A) Correlational study&#10;B) Predictive study&#10;C) Methodological study&#10;D) Clinical decision rule

Accepted Answer

A methodological study is designed to develop, modify, or evaluate the methods and tools used for research or clinical assessment, including the development of assessment tools for clinical practice.

Question 9

An investigator wants to determine whether a balance scale can be used in adolescents, even though the scale was designed to be used in adults. This type of study is called a:&#10;A) Correlational study&#10;B) Predictive study&#10;C) Methodological study&#10;D) Clinical decision rule

Accepted Answer

This type of study is called a methodological study because it focuses on the assessment of the methods used in research or clinical practice, in this case, evaluating the applicability of a balance scale (designed for adults) for use in adolescents.

Question 10

Which of the following is a similarity between longitudinal and cross-sectional studies?&#10;A) Both types are classified as experimental studies.&#10;B) Both types include a group of subjects called a cohort.&#10;C) Both types can be designed as either retrospective or prospective studies.&#10;D) Both types follow subjects over a period of time.

Accepted Answer

Both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies can be designed as either retrospective, looking back at events that have already occurred, or prospective, looking forward at events that will occur, allowing researchers flexibility in how they approach their study design.

Question 11

A combination of findings that have demonstrated meaningful predictability in determining a specific condition or diagnosis would be called:&#10;A) A methodological study&#10;B) Clinical practice guidelines&#10;C) A predictive study&#10;D) Correlational guidelines

Accepted Answer

The answer of A combination of findings that have demonstrated...

Question 12

In a study developing a new type of measurement tool, the new tool must be compared to a:&#10;A) Gold standard&#10;B) Control group&#10;C) Placebo&#10;D) Cohort

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study developing a new type...

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true regarding exploratory research?&#10;A) Threats to validity are not a concern in exploratory research.&#10;B) Exploratory research can include randomized controlled trials.&#10;C) The investigator must be able to manipulate variables.&#10;D) Sample sizes are typically larger than for experimental research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true...

Deck 5: Exploratory Research