Question 1

Which of the following is the best term for rules or standards that govern the behavior of a society?&#10;A)Symbol&#10;B)Role&#10;C)Value&#10;D)Norm

Accepted Answer

Norms are rules or standards that govern the behavior of a society.
Key Takeaway: Social norms are expected behavior patterns and actions that a group or society deems to be appropriate. It is important to note that although social norms can include patterns of action, speech, and appearance; these can be either explicit or implicit. Failure to comply with social norms can lead to exclusion from the social group or, in some cases, severe punishment.

Question 2

Most sociologists would argue that gender role differences and actions are largely a result of ___________.&#10;A)Birth&#10;B)Education&#10;C)Socialization&#10;D)Childhood experience

Accepted Answer

Most sociologists would argue that gender role differences and actions are largely a result of socialization.
Key Takeaway: The process by which we learn to become members of society is called "socialization." Basically, you can just remember to think of it as the process of learning to be social. Typically, it is believed that socialization is based upon interactions between human beings, though it is not completely decided what, exactly, makes a human socialized. Sociologists differ in their opinion of what is learned or mimicked as an individual undergoes the process.

Question 3

What is the process through which we are basically trained to be members of society or to participate in some kind of social grouping?&#10;A)Personalization&#10;B)Socialization&#10;C)Orientation&#10;D)Stratification

Accepted Answer

Socialization is the process through which we are basically trained to be members of society or to participate in some kind of social grouping.
Key Takeaway: The process by which we learn to become members of society is called "socialization." Basically, you can just remember to think of it as the process of learning to be social. Typically, it is believed that socialization is based upon interactions between human beings, though it is not completely decided what, exactly, makes a human socialized. Sociologists differ in their opinion of what is learned or mimicked as an individual undergoes the process.

Question 4

Which of the following social psychologists formulated the idea of the &#34;looking-glass self&#34;?&#10;A)George Herbert Mead&#10;B)Charles Horton Cooley&#10;C)Sigmund Freud&#10;D)Erik Erikson

Accepted Answer

Charles Horton Cooley formulated the idea of the "looking-glass self."
Key Takeaway: Cooley argued that there are three stages in how we form our identity, which, collectively, he referred to as the "looking-glass self." In this theory, Cooley stated that humans always imagine how they are perceived by other humans, we actively observe how others react to us to see if we are perceived the same way we imagine ourselves, and we construct an identity based upon the reactions and judgments of others, essentially from the "looking glass" of others in society.

Question 5

What consists of the things in which people attach meaning, like books, burial sites, clothing, art, homes, and cars?&#10;A)Material culture&#10;B)Nonmaterial culture&#10;C)Symbolic culture&#10;D)Counterculture

Accepted Answer

Material culture is made up of the things in which people attach meaning, like books, burial sites, clothing, art, homes, and cars.
Key Takeaway: Generally speaking, culture is comprised of both material and nonmaterial culture. Material culture is defined in the answer above. Nonmaterial culture is made up of abstract tings that humans create to describe, explain, or clarify human existence (like rules, languages, customs, religions, and political systems).

Question 6

What is the term for the introduction of symbolic value or meaning to either real or imaginary bloodties?&#10;A)Marriage&#10;B)Nuclear family&#10;C)Kinship&#10;D)Endogamy

Accepted Answer

Kinship is the term for the introduction of symbolic value or meaning to either real or imaginary bloodties.
Key Takeaway: Unity based upon reproductive groups is found in all animal groups, predating man. But kinship is a uniquely human creation. Kinship is one of the most basic principles in which individuals can be sorted into roles, categories, or social groups. Kinship can be based upon historical community ties, family descent, marriage, or culture.

Question 7

Which of the following types of government is one in which there are generally no limits to the authority of the leaders?&#10;A)Authoritarian&#10;B)Totalitarian&#10;C)Democratic&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

A Totalitarian government is one in which there are generally no limits to the authority of the leaders.
Key Takeaway: In a Totalitarian regime, the state, usually totally under control of a single political person or group, has no limits to its authority. The state works to gain total control over every aspect of both private and public life, using means such as state-controlled media, restriction of speech, and utilization of government-sanctioned terrorism.

Question 8

Mike and Fae recently got married and decided to move near Fae's parents. What is the correct term to describe this situation?&#10;A)Matriarchy&#10;B)Matrilocal residence&#10;C)Matrilineal&#10;D)Patrilineal

Accepted Answer

The correct term to describe this situation is matrilocal residence.
Key Takeaway: Matrilocality, or matrilocal residence, occurs when a married couple decides to live near or with the wife's parents. Patrilocality, or patrilocal residence, occurs when the couple decides to live near the groom's family.

Question 9

What percent of women are affected by some form of sexual harassment over the course of their professional lives?&#10;A)70 percent&#10;B)50 percent&#10;C)30 percent&#10;D)15 percent

Accepted Answer

It is estimated that roughly 70 percent of women are affected by some form of sexual harassment over the course of their professional lives.
Key Takeaway: Sexual harassment is any kind of bullying, coercion, or intimidation, with the promise of rewards (often monetary or work related) in exchange for sexual behaviors. In many cases, sexual harassment is illegal, but it often goes unreported. It is estimated that nearly 70 percent of women are affected by some type of sexual harassment over the course of their professional lives.

Question 10

What is the general definition of &#34;gemeinschaft&#34;?&#10;A)It is a grouping of two people in which either member's departure ruins the group.&#10;B)It is a small community based upon united belief in common ancestry and/or tradition.&#10;C)It is a voluntary, contractual relationship of short duration, formed to achieve a specific goal.&#10;D)A social group that creates the standards with which we evaluate ourselves.

Accepted Answer

The general definition of "gemeinschaft" is a small community based upon united belief in common ancestry and/or tradition.
Key Takeaway: It was Ferdinand Tonnies who first differentiated between community (gemeinschaft) and society (gesellschaft). Gemeinschaft referred to small communities based upon united belief in common ancestry and/or tradition. On the opposite spectrum, gesellschaft refers to voluntary, contractual relationships of short duration, formed to achieve specific goals (society).

Question 11

Among the following, who thought that Karl Marx emphasized class too much and instead, looked at the various struggles between groups like employers and unions?&#10;A)Wilbert Moore&#10;B)Kingsley Davis&#10;C)Ralf Dahrendorf&#10;D)Weber

Accepted Answer

The answer of Among the following, who thought that Karl...

Question 12

Which of the following quotes can be attributed to Parkinson's Law?&#10;A)&#34;Bureaucracy is connected with everything else that gives our culture its uniqueness.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;In any hierarchy every employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;Modern bureaucrats are people pushing.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Work expands to fill the time available for its completion.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following quotes can be...

Question 13

Which of the following types of individuals may continue to accept their goals while constantly seeking new ways to attain these goals?&#10;A)The &#34;innovator&#34;&#10;B)The &#34;conformist&#34;&#10;C)The &#34;rebellious&#34;&#10;D)The &#34;retreat&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following types of individuals...

Question 14

Where are secondary industries, like lumber mills and fish canneries, where manufacturing is highly dependent upon a single natural resource likely to be located?&#10;A)Near transportation centers&#10;B)Centrally within thriving commercial market regions&#10;C)Close to the locations of the natural resources to be manufactured&#10;D)In residential zones

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where are secondary industries, like lumber mills...

Question 15

Who first distinguished between primary groups and secondary groups?&#10;A)J)L. Moreno&#10;B)Ferdinand Tonnies&#10;C)Charles Horton Cooley&#10;D)Robert Bales

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who first distinguished between primary groups and...

Question 16

The phrase &#34;hard work is less important than luck&#34; could be associated with the idea of meritocracy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The phrase &#34;hard work is less important...

Question 17

Which of the following is the societal status with which an individual most identifies?&#10;A)Master status&#10;B)Status set&#10;C)Ascribed status&#10;D)Achieved status

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the societal...

Question 18

Which group moved to the suburbs first?&#10;A)White people&#10;B)Racially and ethnically diverse groups&#10;C)Poor population&#10;D)Wealthy population

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which group moved to the suburbs first?&#10;A)White...

Question 19

The density size of a person's social networks has been shown to be positively health promoting, both physically and mentally.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The density size of a person's social...

Question 20

What is the correct term for loyalty toward a person's nation-state?&#10;A)Nationhood&#10;B)Nationalism&#10;C)Statehood&#10;D)Patriarchy

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the correct term for loyalty...

Question 21

Which of the following is the foremost sociological writer on the Holocaust?&#10;A)Zygmunt Bauman&#10;B)Auguste Comte&#10;C)Robert Merton&#10;D)Marcel Mauss

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the foremost...

Question 22

Rudy is a Hungarian-American male who largely speaks Hungarian in the home and continues to follow some traditional Hungarian customs and listen to Hungarian music. Which of the following is Rudy illustrating?

A)Ethnocentrism
B)Cultural pluralism
C)Assimilation
D)Social mobility

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rudy is a Hungarian-American male who largely...

Question 23

What is the actual biological potential to give birth?&#10;A)Bioavailability&#10;B)Verstehen&#10;C)Kinship&#10;D)Fertility

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the actual biological potential to...

Question 24

One of the main sociological concepts discussed when looking at religion is the stratification of the sacred and the profane. In which category would you find the behaviors and person that are capable of being totally understood and even changed?

A)Sacred
B)Profane

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the main sociological concepts discussed...

Question 25

Who developed contagion theory, explaining that crowds tend to powerfully influence their members?&#10;A)Lewis Killian&#10;B)Ralph Turner&#10;C)Randall Collins&#10;D)Gustave LeBon

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who developed contagion theory, explaining that crowds...

Question 26

Which of the following would be considered a total institution, using radical means to resocialize an individual?&#10;A)Public school&#10;B)Mental hospital&#10;C)Prison&#10;D)Both B and C

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would be considered...

Question 27

By and large, both black populations and white populations desire to live in racially integrated neighborhoods.

Accepted Answer

The answer of By and large, both black populations and...

Question 28

Among the following, who suggested that a socialist solution was necessary to fix the problem with unfair wealth distribution in the United States?&#10;A)Edward Bellamy&#10;B)Henry George&#10;C)William Graham Sumner&#10;D)Upton Sinclair

Accepted Answer

The answer of Among the following, who suggested that a...

Question 29

What do existentialists believe?&#10;A)Each individual must make his or her own ethical existence without necessarily having hope of an afterlife or guidance of an organized religion.&#10;B)One God exists for all humans and organized religion helps to lead toward true morality.&#10;C)Life is essentially meaningless because the universe is amoral and uncaring.&#10;D)All religions are valid and religion helps people to reach divinity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do existentialists believe?&#10;A)Each individual must make...

Question 30

What is a social group said to display when they are completely unresponsive to a useful innovation?&#10;A)Cultural lag&#10;B)Social retardation&#10;C)Anti-modernization&#10;D)Dissonant growth

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a social group said to...

Deck 37: Praxis II Sociology