Deck 1: Historical Influences on the Practice of Career Counseling

Question 1

Career counseling was previously known as Vocational Guidance.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Historically, career development has taken a rather mechanistic trait-factor approach to fit clients to jobs and learning options.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Career counseling has essentially stayed the same as a discipline over time.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Most research suggests that while career planning is a high need, it is not a major component in the experience of most secondary students.

Question 5

Career counselors cannot ignore the importance of the global technology movement.

Question 6

Frank Parsons:

A) Was more concerned about depression than career issues.
B) Denounced the influence of matching skills to jobs.
C) Is aptly known as the Father of Guidance.
D) Was a developmental theorist.

Question 7

The changing workplace suggests that:

A) Employers are placing less responsibility on workers for managing their careers, health care, and retirement options.
B) Counselors need to know more about learning options.
C) All students should attend college, since technical education is of less importance.
D) Counselors need to be more directive in designing clients' life transitions.

Question 8

Who posited the constructivist approach now widely used in career counseling?

A) John Holland
B) Mark Savickas
C) Donald Super
D) Anne Roe

Question 9

Comprehensive career development planning:

A) Is a linear sequential process.
B) Will increasingly attend to the needs of the "boomer generation."
C) Attends to the emotional domain of helping individuals search for satisfac- tion, quality, and meaning in every choice.
D) B and C

Question 10

The very first counseling theory was:

A) Developmental
B) Postmodern
C) Trait Oriented
D) Social Learning

Question 11

Match the following:

-Theorist focusing on lifelong process of career decisions

A) Generation Z
B) PATRIOT Act
C) Anne Roe
D) Technology
E) Super

Question 12

Match the following:

-Biggest threat to job security

A) Generation Z
B) PATRIOT Act
C) Anne Roe
D) Technology
E) Super

Question 13

Match the following:

-Terrorist attacks on 9/11/01

A) Generation Z
B) PATRIOT Act
C) Anne Roe
D) Technology
E) Super

Question 14

Match the following:

-Newest members of the workforce

A) Generation Z
B) PATRIOT Act
C) Anne Roe
D) Technology
E) Super

Question 15

Match the following:

-Theorist focusing on needs and influence of parenting

A) Generation Z
B) PATRIOT Act
C) Anne Roe
D) Technology
E) Super

Question 16

Because career issues impact, and are impacted by personal, relational, physiologi- cal, spiritual, and mental health issues, the Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Programs (CACREP, 2015) requires counseling pro- grams seeking accreditation to provide foundational training in this important area.

Question 17

The late 1800s and early 1900s brought havoc and evolution in the United States. This time period was heavily influenced by a Protestant work ethic and social constructivism.

Question 18

Frank Parsons was known as the father of career development.

Question 19

The guidance movement hindered the measurement movement because each movement was incongruent with the other and shared nothing in common.

Question 20

Frank Parsons created the initial laboratory for Psychology.

Question 21

William Wundt developed a standardization process that led to the models we now use for standardized tests.

Question 22

James Cattell coined the term "mental test."

Question 23

In 1939, the Marines created a personnel and testing division, producing the Marines General Classification Test (MGCT) in 1940. This became the primary measure of general ability.

Question 24

Vocational guidance in its infancy was largely without a theoretical orientation.

Question 25

Trait-and-factor theory is derived from studying individual differences through the use of psychometrics in order to predict future job success by assessing job related requirements.

Question 26

Edward K. Strong formalized the stages of vocational development, which included the stages of growth, exploratory, establishment, maintenance, and decline.

Question 27

Roe placed occupations into person-oriented and nonperson-oriented categories and her theory is placed in the category of a needs-theory approach.

Question 28

The Vocational Education Act of 1963 was enacted by Congress to support the highest employment rates since the 1930s.

Question 29

In today's technological world, career counseling is becoming obsolete.

Question 30

US college graduates' problem-solving skills rank near the bottom compared with their international peers.

Question 31

Ongoing globalization rendered many jobs obsolete, reduced job security, and increased the importance of creativity and adaptability.

Question 32

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA; 1990) re-worked the earlier Reha- bilitation Act of 1973 and made federal monies available to end workplace discrimination due to physical or mental disabilities.

Question 33

Ongoing globalization created many new jobs, increased job security, and increased the importance of creativity and adaptability.

Question 34

Career counseling is one area of counseling where a client's cultural identity need not be considered in the process.

Question 35

The World Economic Forum (2016) predicted that an increasing rate of changes and developments in genetics, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and bio- technology would essentially create a technological fourth industrial revolution.